ZIP code 45404: Dayton

Drinking-water compliance

A health-based violation is a contaminant above its limit or a treatment rule not followed; monitoring, reporting and public-notice violations are paperwork. Lead is the 90th-percentile result across sampled homes, not a reading at any one tap.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (Envirofacts, pulled September 2026), violations and lead and copper sampling for the system that serves most of this ZIP · EPA SDWIS (Envirofacts) · EPA ECHO

Byproducts and contaminants

TTHM

23.4 µg/L yearly mean in 2019, the last year in the file (limit 80); worst yearly mean 25.2, highest single sample 46.9; 197 samples from 2012 to 2019

HAA5

1.2 µg/L yearly mean in the last year sampled (limit 60); worst yearly mean 6, highest sample 21.3; 168 samples

Plants

Dayton Public Water System runs 2 plants and EPA's file lumps their entry-point samples under one system, so the nitrate, arsenic, radioactivity, solvent, farm-chemical and metal rows cover all 2, not only Miami Water Treatment Plant (Miami Well Field), which serves this ZIP; a sample over a limit may be from another plant

Nitrate

highest of 260 samples was 1.9 mg/L as nitrogen (2019; limit 10); 1.9 in 2019, the last year sampled. Nitrate above 10 is unsafe for infants

Arsenic

not detected in 31 samples (limit 10)

Solvents and fuels

trichloroethylene (TCE) detected in 1 of 98 samples, highest 1.06 µg/L (limit 5); benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, vinyl chloride not detected in 98 samples

Bacteria

37 of 12,062 routine tap samples (0.31%) tested positive for total coliform in 2012 to 2019, 1 of 1,502 in 2019; E. coli found in 1 of 38 tap samples tested for it. Coliform itself is a warning sign; E. coli means sewage or manure reached the water

Farm chemicals

atrazine, alachlor not detected in 18 samples

Metals

barium in 31 of 33 samples, highest 94.2 µg/L (limit 2,000); not detected: chromium in 31 samples, cadmium in 31 samples, mercury in 22 samples, selenium in 28 samples, thallium in 22 samples

EPA's file stops at 2019; Ohio EPA's Drinking Water Watch has newer results. Byproducts are judged on running yearly averages at each sampling site, so one high sample is not a violation. Nitrate and arsenic are measured where water enters the pipes.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019 (TTHM, HAA5 and coliform from distribution-system samples of Dayton Public Water System; nitrate, arsenic, radionuclides, solvents, herbicides and metals from the entry points of the same system); non-detects counted as zero

PFAS

UCMR 5, all plants

9 samples in 2023 at the entry point to the distribution system: PFOS 10, PFHxS 9.8, PFPeA 4.6 ng/L

Sources

The system reported a known PFAS source near its supply

Ohio EPA 2020

2 plants tested (latest 2021-02): PFHxS 7.7 ppt, against Ohio's action level of 140 ppt

Ohio EPA latest

2 plants sampled by Ohio EPA, most recently 2026-04 (Ohio EPA statewide sampling status map)

Firefighting foam: 12 fire departments or other holders in Montgomery County registered 3,025 gallons of PFAS-based AFFF foam with Ohio EPA, 2,030 gallons in opened containers; the state is collecting it for disposal so it is never sprayed again.

Lithium: not detected in 8 UCMR 5 samples at Dayton Public Water System (the method reports from 9 µg/L). Lithium is unregulated; EPA's draft health reference level is 10 µg/L, and it occurs naturally in deep groundwater, so well systems in the northwest run highest.

PFAS are the forever chemicals from firefighting foam, plating shops and non-stick coatings. One sample above 4 ng/L is not a violation; compliance is judged on running annual averages, and systems are adding carbon filters ahead of the 2029 deadline. Results are for water leaving the plant, not your tap.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026) and Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling 2019 to 2021 and its current status map, for the system that serves most of this ZIP; EPA SDWIS record OH5703512; results in nanograms per litre (parts per trillion) · Ohio EPA PFAS

Lead at the tap

Latest period

0 ppb in the sampling period ending 2023-12

Highest since 2016

4 ppb (2020-12); never above 10 ppb in 3 periods

Service lines

64,726 inventoried: 9,393 lead, 527 galvanized needing replacement, 4 unknown, 54,802 not lead (reported all required service line types)

Children: this ZIP is not on the Ohio Department of Health's high-risk list for childhood lead testing; children on Medicaid or in pre-1978 housing with peeling paint should still be tested.

Housing age: 63% of the homes here were built before 1960 and 35% before 1940, when lead service lines, lead solder and lead paint were common; 82% predate 1980 (Census ACS 2020 to 2024).

Systems sample taps in the homes most likely to have lead pipes or solder; the 90th-percentile figure means nine in ten sampled homes were at or below it. Lead comes from the service line and the house plumbing, not the source water, so a low system result does not clear an old house. The action level drops from 15 to 10 ppb in 2027, and every lead line must be replaced within ten years of that.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System lead and copper 90th-percentile results (Envirofacts) and EPA's service line inventory dashboard (2026 Q2), for Dayton Public Water System (OH5703512), the system that serves most of this ZIP · ODH childhood lead testing · ODH high-risk ZIP list (CCBH PDF) · Ohio EPA lead and copper · H2Ohio

Fluoride and treatment

Treatment on file: corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, lime softening, sand or media filtration.

Measured fluoride: 0.88 mg/L on average at the plant's entry points in 2019 (in the range dentists aim for); samples ran from 0.84 to 1 mg/L across 16 samples in 2012 to 2019 (EPA compliance monitoring). Natural fluoride in Ohio well water runs from a trace to over 2 mg/L in parts of the northwest.

The health department counts 98.9% of Montgomery County residents on community water as receiving fluoridated water.

Ohio law (ORC 6109.20, 1969) makes systems serving 5,000 or more people fluoridate unless the water already carries 0.8 mg/L naturally or the community exempted itself by ordinance or referendum in the months after the law passed; smaller systems choose for themselves. The treatment list is what each system registered with EPA and can lag a plant upgrade.

Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride, fluoridation status of each system as reported by the Ohio Department of Health; EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System treatment table for Dayton Public Water System (OH5703512); EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring, 2012 to 2019; Ohio Department of Health fluoridation report (DataOhio) for the county share · EPA SDWIS search

Algal toxins

Raw water

no microcystin detected at the intake

Treated water

never detected after treatment

Monitoring

363 samples from 2016 to 2026, latest 2026-05-19

Raw-water readings show what the plant has to remove; any detection at the intake triggers weekly paired raw and treated-water testing until two clean weeks, and carbon, ozone or chlorine destroys the toxin in nearly every case. The ten-day advisory levels for treated water are 0.3 µg/L for children under six and 1.6 µg/L for everyone else. Since November 2022 the bloom season runs June through November (sampling continues into early December), with treated water tested every two weeks the rest of the year; the 2016 to 2022 rule monitored year-round and stepped testing up to three days a week when raw water passed 5 µg/L.

Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring (HAB data and map, DrinkingWater/HAB service, fetched 2026-09-09), total microcystins by ELISA in raw and treated water, for the system that serves most of this ZIP · Ohio EPA HAB information for public water systems

Groundwater

Under the surface

coarse sand and gravel, part of the Miami River Buried Valley Aquifer (buried valley setting); wells there yield 100 - 500 gallons a minute, deposits > 100 ft thick

Bedrock

Ordovician undivided, yielding 0 - 5 gpm to a well

Sole source

inside the EPA-designated Greater Miami sole source aquifer, the area's only practical supply of drinking water

Setting

Sand and Gravel; water table 15-30 ft down, 10+ in/yr recharge, sandy loam soil (hydrogeologic setting 7D); pesticide index 200

Well logs

1,069 drilled wells on file (99.6 per 1,000 residents), median 63 ft deep, 15 gallons a minute median test yield, water 35 ft down

Aquifers

2% of wells in bedrock, 98% in sand, gravel and other unconsolidated material; typical well drilled 1988, 281 since 2000; uses: Domestic 471, Monitor 358

Wellhead protection

81% of this ZIP lies inside Ohio EPA source water protection areas for 3 public water systems (Dayton Public Water System, Wright-Patterson Afb Area B PWS), 44% inside inner management zones, the ground a well draws from within a year; the largest, Dayton Public Water System, is rated high with water quality impacts susceptibility in a buried valley setting

Geology

100% of the ZIP is a sensitive geologic setting, where thin or sandy cover leaves the aquifer open to what soaks in from the surface; its population center sits on Ordovician limestone and shale known to form karst, under more than 20 ft of drift; nearest verified sinkhole 8.7 mi away (Ohio EPA and ODNR Geological Survey)

Injection wells

387 Class V injection wells on Ohio EPA's books inside this ZIP (237 active): 156 stormwater drainage, 6 large septic, 214 cleanup injection, 1 vehicle waste, 10 other; these put fluids underground above or into drinking water aquifers

Urban setting

3 Ohio EPA Urban Setting Designation areas touch this ZIP (Tech Town Redevelopment - Dayton): a finding that groundwater there is not used for drinking, which lets contaminated sites close without cleaning the aquifer to drinking standards

Water table

MT-74 OH monitoring well (ODNR), 1 mi away: water 23.9 ft below ground on 2026-05-27; averaged 18.4 ft in 2015 to 2019 and 17.9 ft over the latest year, so the table is running about 0.5 ft higher; range 7.3 to 28.7 ft over 4,147 readings since 2015

Nitrate risk

EPA researchers put the chance that a public water system in the City of Dayton-Mad River subwatershed exceeds the nitrate limit at 32% if it draws on groundwater and 59% if it draws on rivers or lakes, judged from land use, geology and past results (EnviroAtlas nitrate violation index; the typical Ohio subwatershed scores 23% for groundwater and 39% for surface water)

Quality monitoring

Ohio EPA's nearest ambient groundwater monitoring well is Dayton Miami Wellfield (Montgomery County), 0.9 mi away: 153 ft deep in sand and gravel (Great Miami River aquifer); wells there yield over 500 gallons a minute; on standby. 14 active wells within 15 mi

Vulnerability rates how easily a spill at the surface reaches the aquifer, not whether anything has. Well logs include abandoned and replaced wells, so counts overstate wells in use; a private well owner is the only one who tests it.

Source: ODNR Division of Geological Survey, Groundwater Vulnerability (DRASTIC) map (polygon at the ZIP's population-weighted center), karst feature inventory, and the Ohio water well log database (logs inside the ZIP boundary) · ODNR Geological Survey · Ohio EPA GIS services · USGS water data

Aquifer exposure

Karst

the population center sits on Ordovician limestone and shale known to form karst, under more than 20 ft of drift; no mapped sinkhole inside the ZIP; nearest verified sinkhole 8.7 mi from the center

Wellhead protection

81% of the ZIP lies inside Ohio EPA source water protection areas for 3 public water systems (Dayton Public Water System, Wright-Patterson Afb Area B PWS), 44% inside inner management zones, the ground a well draws from within a year; the largest, Dayton Public Water System, is rated high with water quality impacts susceptibility in a buried valley setting

River intakes

1% of the ZIP is in the emergency management zone for Dayton Public Water System, where a spill reaches the intake within hours; 3% in the 1,000-foot stream corridor zone

Vulnerability index

DRASTIC 180 (ODNR; higher means a spill at the surface reaches the aquifer more easily)

Sensitive settings are outwash plains, buried valleys, karst and shallow bedrock, mapped statewide by Ohio EPA for siting decisions. Exposure is not contamination: it says how quickly a spill, a failing tank or heavy manure would reach the water table, not whether one has.

Source: Ohio EPA Sensitive Geologic Settings and karst geology layers (geology/Geology), ODNR Geological Survey karst and spring points, Ohio EPA source water protection areas (DrinkingWater/SWAP); shares by ZIP boundary overlay, karst by a point query at the population-weighted center · Ohio EPA geology layers · Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP) · ODNR Geological Survey

Sewage treatment

Size

11.2 million gallons a day design flow; a major facility

Compliance

9 of the last 12 quarters with a violation; currently in significant noncompliance (Effluent - Monthly Average Limit); 46 effluent limit exceedances in 3 years

Other discharge permits: 6 facilities inside this ZIP other than sewage plants hold a Clean Water Act permit (factories, water plants, quarries, package plants, storm water); 2 facility-quarters with a violation in the last three years.

Sludge source: nearest Tri-Cities North Regional WW Authority, 2.5 mi away (a major plant); 8 within 10 miles (Ohio EPA).

State water loans: 1 project inside this ZIP has borrowed $4.5 million from Ohio EPA's revolving loan funds since 2025 (1 drinking water project for $4.5 million). Largest: Mad River Conversion Dam Replacement (Dayton, 2025, $4.5 million). Below-market loans are how most Ohio treatment plants and water mains get rebuilt.

Stormwater: all of this ZIP lies inside Ohio EPA's regulated MS4 areas, mostly the City of Dayton storm sewer system (3 permit holders overlap the ZIP); the towns, townships and counties that own those storm sewers hold a stormwater permit and must control what runs off streets and parking lots (2020 to 2030 designation). 29 sites with an address in this ZIP hold their own industrial stormwater permits (Norwood Medical Plant #2, Norwood Medical Plant #4, Global Graphene Group Bldg 1 & 2 and others) (EPA Facility Finder).

Where a home's sewage actually goes depends on the sewer district, and rural homes are on septic systems the county health department permits; the nearest plant is a proxy. Violations range from paperwork to raw discharges.

Source: EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), Clean Water Act NPDES facilities with a POTW component in Ohio; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Compliance data lag about a quarter.; other Clean Water Act permit holders inside the ZIP from the same service · EPA ECHO · EPA CSO inventory · Ohio EPA GIS services · EPA Facility Finder

Stream health

Uses failing

aquatic life 49% of the land, recreation (bacteria) 51%, fish consumption 51%

Causes listed

bacteria (pathogens) (51%), PCBs (51%), habitat damage (49%)

Cleanup plans

49% of the land is under a TMDL pollution budget

Watersheds here: Poplar Creek-Great Miami River (not supporting); City of Dayton-Mad River (not supporting).

Fish advisories (Ohio EPA): Eastwood Lake: largemouth bass one meal a month, common carp unrestricted, bluegill sunfish unrestricted (PCBs); Mad River (U.S. Route 36, Urbana, to mouth (Great Miami River) (Champaign, Clark, Greene, Montgomery Counties)): channel catfish one meal a month, largemouth bass one meal a month, brown trout two meals a week (PCBs, mercury); Great Miami River (Downstream of Indian Lake to Lowhead Dam at Monument Avenue (Dayton)): white bass one meal a month, smallmouth bass one meal a month, flathead catfish one meal a month and 2 more species (PCBs, mercury). Statewide, every other fish is one meal a week because of mercury.

Nearest stream assessment (Ohio EPA): Great Miami R. Near Dayton, Dst N Reg. Wwtp, Adj S.R. 202 on the Great Miami River, 1.4 mi away, draining 1,170 square miles: full attainment of its exceptional warmwater use; fish IBI 56 of 60 (2016); bug ICI 42 of 60 (2016); habitat QHEI 82.8 of 100. 2 assessed sites inside the ZIP, 7 within 3 miles, 38 within 10. Scores above about 40 (IBI), 36 (ICI) and 60 (QHEI) mean a healthy warmwater stream.

Stream designations (Ohio EPA water quality standards): 6 miles of designated streams cross this ZIP: 4.7 mi warmwater habitat, 1.3 mi exceptional warmwater habitat. Nearest specially protected stream: the Great Miami river (Lost creek (RM 100.0) to the CSX railroad bridge (RM 84.5)), 0.7 mi away, a Superior High Quality Water; 39% of the ZIP lies within a mile of such a stream, where new discharges face the strictest antidegradation review. Exceptional and coldwater streams are the state's healthiest; modified and limited-resource waters are channelized or ditched.

Proposed for 2026: Ohio EPA's pending water quality standards rewrite would add 4.7 miles of stream in this ZIP to the antidegradation tiers: the Mad River as Outstanding State Water for recreation (Macochee creek (RM 51.75) to the mouth). Listing raises the bar for any new or expanded discharge.

PFAS in the river (Ohio EPA large river survey): at Mad R. At Dayton @ Webster St., 1.9 mi away, the water carried 115.04 ng/L of total PFAS (PFOA 4.1, PFOS 15 ng/L); fish fillets held 49.816 ng/g in bluegill and 9.99 ng/g in catfish (PFOS 40 in bluegill). Drinking water limits are 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS; river water is not drinking water, but treatment plants that draw from it start from these numbers.

Farm chemicals (USGS estimate, 2018): farms in Montgomery County used about 97 metric tons of pesticide active ingredient, 208 kg per square mile, 45th of Ohio's 88 counties. Largest: glyphosate 33 t, atrazine 14 t, metolachlor 8 t, acetochlor 6 t, 2,4-D 6 t. Atrazine, the corn herbicide, is the pesticide that most often shows up in Ohio tap water after spring rains; this county used 14 t of it.

Farms (2022 Census of Agriculture): 789 farms work 118,582 acres of Montgomery County, with 35.7% of its land in cropland, 150 acres to a farm. 8,722 cattle, 4,066 laying hens, 1,149 broilers, 90 turkeys; 39,369 acres of corn and 49,994 of soybeans. Sales $118 million, 12% from animals and animal products. Manure and fertilizer from farms like these carry the phosphorus and nitrogen behind Ohio's algae and nitrate problems; withheld figures protect individual farms.

A watershed unit fails when any sampled stream in it fails; ditches in flat farm country fail on habitat and nutrients, city creeks on bacteria and sediment. Ohio's own report is at epa.ohio.gov; the EPA link on each unit's report page has the sampling detail.

Source: EPA ATTAINS (Ohio EPA 2024 Integrated Report), watershed assessment units overlaid on the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection; shares are of the ZIP's land area · EPA ATTAINS · Ohio integrated report · Ohio sport fish advisory · Ohio EPA advisory map

Watershed

• Upper Great Miami, Indiana, Ohio100% of residentsDrains to the Ohio River

H2Ohio: nearest project Spring Run Conservation Area Wetland Restoration Project, inland flow-through wetland, funded 2022, completed, 9.3 mi away: The Spring Run Conservation Area Wetland Restoration project restored 22 acres of wetlands that had been historically managed as a golf course. The restoration ...; 0 within 5 miles, 4 within 15. H2Ohio pays for wetlands, farm practices and lead line work to cut the nutrients behind Lake Erie's algae.

Source water: 2% of this ZIP drains to the river intake of Dayton Public Water System and sits inside its Ohio EPA source water protection area; 1% is in the emergency management zone for Dayton Public Water System, the reach where a spill would arrive at the intake within hours; 3% lies in the 1,000-foot stream corridor zone where spills and runoff matter most.

Watershed grants: nearest "Reduction of Nonpoint Source Pollution From Onsite Sewage Systems in Darke County" by Darke County Health District (hsts, Section 319), 2.3 mi away; 6 within 10 miles (Ohio EPA project lists: Section 319 and GLRI through fiscal 2023, SWIF through 2017).

Road salt: nearest went to City of Dayton-Division of Street Maintenance (equipment, 2024-2025), 1.8 mi away; 10 in Montgomery County. H2Ohio pays for brine makers, calibrated spreaders and covered salt barns so less chloride reaches streams and wells.

The population center sits in the City of Dayton-Mad River subwatershed; its water runs on through Poplar Creek-Great Miami River, then Town of Oakwood-Great Miami River, then Opossum Creek-Great Miami River.

In 2015 Montgomery County drew about 89 million gallons a day of fresh water (USGS): 81.1 million for public supply (100% from wells, 522,900 people served at 47 gallons a person a day at home), 0.1 million for power plant cooling, 3.6 million for industry, 2.2 million for irrigation, 1.1 million for mining; 9,400 residents drew their own well water.

EnviroAtlas, City of Dayton-Mad River: no land in the Conservation Reserve Program; 200 acres of grain crops; 27 miles of streams (1.2 per square mile); water use of 2.9 million gallons a day for homes; 41 inches of rain and snow a year; 11.9 kg of nitrogen per hectare falling from the air each year; farm nitrogen of 0 kg per hectare a year as manure and 0.3 kg as synthetic fertilizer; potentially restorable wetlands on farmland cover 1% of the subwatershed; 38% of the land is paved or roofed; 23% of the stream banks keep natural cover (EPA EnviroAtlas national metrics, 2010s vintages).

Stream permits: 22% of this ZIP drains to streams Ohio EPA rates high quality, where a project that fills, pipes or crosses a stream needs an individual Ohio EPA 401 water quality review; 12% drains toward high-quality waters farther down and might qualify for the Army Corps' blanket nationwide permits after a field screening and 65% can use those nationwide permits outright (Ohio EPA 401 nationwide permit eligibility map).

Source: USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (HUC-8 subbasins by resident share, HUC-12 subwatershed at the population center) · 2020 census blocks · USGS watershed boundaries · EPA EnviroAtlas · Ohio EPA 401 map · USGS county water use 2015 · ODNR H2Ohio projects · ODNR Lake Erie Coastal Management Area · Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP) · Ohio EPA nine-element plans · Ohio EPA 319, GLRI and SWIF project lists · Ohio EPA chloride reduction grants · NOAA Lake Erie water levels

Homes and income

Household income

$38,874 median

Income spread

35% of households earn under $25,000 a year, 7% $100,000 or more and 1.0% $200,000 or more

Rent

$884 a month, median gross

Owner-occupied

44% of 4,280 occupied homes; 43% of owners carry a mortgage

Typical home built

1950

Value spread

62% of owner-occupied homes are worth under $100,000 and 0.7% $500,000 or more; income per person $20,337 a year

Moved in

the typical owner moved in in 2005, the typical renter in 2019

Median age

35.7 years

Commute

22 minutes each way on average, 11% of commuters travel 45 minutes or more, 4% work from home

Housing stock

66% single-family detached, 16% in buildings of 5 or more units, 1.9% mobile homes; 2.6% of homes are crowded (more than one person a room)

Vacancy

11% of 4,781 housing units are vacant: 10% other, such as homes held off the market, in probate or abandoned

Owner costs

45% of owners with a mortgage and 26% of owners without one spend 30% or more of income on housing

Evictions

6.83 eviction filings a year per 100 renter households in 2016 to 2018, 5.06 ending in a judgement (about 54 filings a year; Eviction Lab)

Fair market rent

$1,210 a month for a two-bedroom (one-bedroom $960, three-bedroom $1,570): HUD's fiscal 2026 small-area fair market rent, the benchmark for housing vouchers in the Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek MSA area

Tax returns

4,230 returns for 2022 averaging $37,583 of adjusted gross income; 42% reported under $25,000 and fewer than 20 reported $200,000 or more; 33% claimed the earned income credit and 18% were filed by people 60 or older (IRS)

Redlining

22% of this ZIP's area was graded on the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation's late-1930s Dayton map: 10% grade C (declining), 12% grade D (hazardous, the redlined areas)

Subsidized housing

3 tax-credit (LIHTC) properties with 201 low-income units, newest placed in service 2020; 4 HUD-assisted multifamily properties with 313 assisted units (Section 8 and similar contracts). Housing vouchers used in private rentals are not counted

Banks

2 full-service bank branches from 2 banks inside this ZIP (FDIC); 1 credit union branch from 1 credit union (NCUA)

Strain

54% of renters pay 30% or more of income in rent; 18.8% of households have no vehicle; the median renter spends 32.3% of income on rent; the median owner with a mortgage spends 22.8% of income on housing costs

Five-year survey averages centered on 2022; small ZIPs carry wide margins of error, and owner-estimated values run below sale prices in a rising market.

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020 to 2024 five-year estimates by ZIP Code Tabulation Area; Eviction Lab (Princeton) tract estimates 2016 to 2018, weighted to the ZIP; HUD fiscal 2026 Small Area Fair Market Rents; IRS Statistics of Income ZIP data, tax year 2022; Mapping Inequality (University of Richmond), HOLC maps 1935 to 1940; HUD eGIS open data for subsidized housing; FDIC BankFind branch locations; NCUA credit union branch list, March 2026 · Census ACS · Eviction Lab · HUD data · IRS ZIP statistics · Mapping Inequality · HUD eGIS open data · FDIC BankFind · NCUA call report data

Houses and neighborhoods

Homes

3,085 one-family houses, 226 two-family houses, 48 three-family houses, 41 condominiums, 1 manufactured home, 3 farmhouses; also 67 apartment buildings and 89 other residential parcels

Age

66% built before 1950, 94% before 1978 (1978: the year lead paint was banned for housing)

Size

median living area 1,224 sq ft; median lot 0.12 acres (condominiums left out)

Value

median appraised value $48,675 (tax year 2025): the county auditor's market value for property tax, not a sale price

Sales

139 sales in the 12 months to Aug 31, 2026 (median $79,450); 699 sales in 5 years (median $70,000, $61 a sq ft). Counted: sales the auditor marked valid or has not yet reviewed (sales marked not valid, and unreviewed ones under $10,000, are left out), single-parcel sales of homes, one per house (its newest)

Owners

54% owner-occupied (homes receiving the owner-occupancy tax credit); 14% company-owned

Neighborhoods

18 neighborhoods and 171 subdivisions (details load below)

Show neighborhoods and houses

The houses load when you search, pick a filter or press the button (the pack for this part of the state, a few megabytes). Zoomed in on the map, each house of this ZIP draws as a dot that follows the search and filters.

Source: county auditors' appraisal records: Montgomery County Auditor (as of Aug 31, 2026); residential parcels placed in ZIPs by the atlas; neighborhood boundaries as the cities publish them (the layers used here are named once the houses load); owner names are not carried · Allen County Auditor · Ashland County Auditor · Auglaize County Auditor · Butler County Auditor · Champaign County Auditor · Clark County Auditor · Clinton County Auditor · Coshocton County Auditor · Crawford County Auditor · Fairfield County Auditor · Fayette County Auditor · Franklin County Auditor · Greene County Auditor · Guernsey County Auditor · Hardin County Auditor · Highland County Auditor · Hocking County Auditor · Holmes County Auditor · Jackson County Auditor · Knox County Auditor · Licking County Auditor · Logan County Auditor · Lorain County Auditor · Madison County Auditor · Marion County Auditor · Miami County Auditor · Montgomery County Auditor · Morrow County Auditor · Muskingum County Auditor · Perry County Auditor · Pickaway County Auditor · Richland County Auditor · Ross County Auditor · Stark County Auditor · Tuscarawas County Auditor · Union County Auditor · Wyandot County Auditor · OGRIP Ohio Statewide Parcels · Athens County subdivisions, town plats and additions (Athens County Auditor GIS) · Cincinnati Community Council Boundaries · Cincinnati Statistical Neighborhood Approximations (SNA), 2020 · Clark County recorded subdivision plats · Clermont County recorded subdivision plats · Cleveland Heights neighborhoods · Cleveland Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs) / neighborhoods · Columbus Communities · Columbus Community Planning Areas · Coshocton County subdivisions (recorded plats and town additions) · Dayton neighborhoods · Dublin Civic Associations · Franklin County recorded subdivision and condominium plats · Hamilton (Ohio) 17Strong neighborhoods · Lima neighborhood associations · Logan County subdivision and condominium plats · Madison County subdivisions (recorded plats) · Morgan County subdivision, addition and town plats · Muskingum County subdivision plats · Perry County subdivisions and town additions (recorded plat names on the county engineer's parcels) · Richland County subdivisions and condominiums (recorded plats, county GIS) · Sandusky neighborhoods · Stark County recorded allotment (subdivision) and condominium plats · Toledo neighborhood associations · Union County subdivision plats

Building permits

Mix

395 single-family houses, 988 units in buildings of five or more, 48 in duplexes and small buildings

Value

$174.4 million of construction at the value declared on the permits

By year

2016: 38, 2017: 21, 2018: 174, 2019: 1, 2020: 127, 2021: 14, 2022: 335, 2023: 287, 2024: 260, 2025: 174, 2026 through July: 327

Caveat

1 of the ten years had fewer than 12 months reported by the permit office; the Census Bureau estimates the missing months, so those counts are partly or wholly imputed

Survey counts are permits issued, not houses finished, and cover new residential construction only: additions, remodels, garages and commercial buildings are not in the survey. Values are the applicants' estimates. Where a city runs the building department for its township neighbours, the city's figure covers them too.

Source: Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2016 to 2025 (new privately owned residential units authorized), for the permit-issuing jurisdiction where most of this ZIP's residents live · Census building permits

Home prices

Five years

+56% from 2020 to 2025

Last year

+2% in 2025

Since 2000

prices stand at 1.6 times their 2000 level

Series

tracked since 1985

Zillow's typical home value here is $105K (2026-07), down 2% over the year, up 27% over five years and up 181% over ten. Typical asking rent $1,200 a month (2026-07).

On the market (Realtor.com, August 2026): median asking price $140,000, $115 per square foot for a typical 1,304 sq ft listing; 36 active listings, 8 new this month; listings spend a median 70 days on the market; 38% of listings have cut their price. Realtor.com flags this ZIP's figures this month as low quality (36 active listings), so the asking price is not a market median.

The index follows the same houses through repeat sales and refinance appraisals on conforming mortgages, so it measures price change rather than the price level (the Homes card has the median value). Consumer prices rose about 36% from 2015 to 2025, so a gain under 36% is a loss in real terms.

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index, annual five-digit ZIP all-transactions series (repeat sales and refinance appraisals of conforming-mortgage homes, developmental, not seasonally adjusted), latest release; Zillow Home Value Index (mid-tier, smoothed, seasonally adjusted) and Zillow Observed Rent Index by ZIP, Zillow Research · FHFA house price index · Zillow research data · Realtor.com data

Local taxes

Dayton City 64% of residents

35.7 effective mills (74.4 gross); $2,502 a year on a $200,000 home. Operating 24.7, bonds 5.9, improvements 0.7, inside millage 4.5.

Mad River Local 36% of residents

32.2 effective mills (68.2 gross); $2,256 a year on a $200,000 home. Operating 22.6, improvements 2.9, inside millage 6.8.

Municipal income tax

Dayton 2.5% (64% of residents), Riverside 2.5% (36% of residents). Charged on wages and business profits where you work and, after credits, where you live.

School district income tax

Dayton City none (64% of residents), Mad River Local none (36% of residents). About a third of Ohio districts levy one.

Sales tax

7.5% combined rate in Montgomery County: Ohio's 5.75% plus county and transit levies.

A mill is $1 per $1,000 of taxable value, and taxable value is 35% of market value. Effective rates fall as values rise because Ohio holds most voted levies to the dollars first approved. County, municipal or township, library, park and vocational-school levies are added on the same bill and are not counted here.

Source: Ohio Department of Taxation, Aggregate Property Tax Rates by School District, tax year 2025 (composite DTE 515); weighted by the share of this ZIP's residents in each district; The Finder rate tables for municipal, school district and sales taxes, September 2026 · Ohio tax data series · The Finder

Who delivers the electricity

• AES Ohio investor-owned100% of residentsThe AES Corporation

AES Ohio outages, 2024: the average customer lost power for 503 minutes (106 minutes leaving out major storm days), about 1.3 interruptions a year.

AES Ohio standard service offer price, 2024: 15.32 cents per kWh, about $140 a month for the average home, for the 132,522 residential customers who have not chosen a supplier; the other 346,219 pay AES Ohio 5.97 cents per kWh for delivery plus their supplier's price (EIA-861).

AES Ohio solar and meters, 2024: 464 customers run net-metered solar (9.9 MW, 388 of them homes); 81% of its 543,711 meters are two-way smart (AMI) meters, 15% drive-by automated reads (EIA-861).

Energy burden: households here spend an average 3.6% of income on electricity, gas and other fuels (about $1,829 a year against $50,536 of income); the 66% of households below 80% of the area median income spend 7.4%, and 40% of households fall in groups averaging 6% or more, the usual line for a high burden (DOE LEAD Tool, 2022 update, built from 2018 to 2022 survey data).

Source: PUCO certified territories via ODOT · HIFLD retail service territories (EIA Form 861) · 2020 census blocks · outage statistics from EIA-861 Reliability, 2024 with 2023 where a utility skipped a year (SAIDI and SAIFI, IEEE 1366) · residential prices from EIA-861 Sales to Ultimate Customers, net metering and advanced meters from the EIA-861 files of the same years · DOE LEAD Tool 2022 household energy burden by tract, apportioned into ZIPs by block population · PUCO electricity · ODOT territories service · EIA-861 · DOE LEAD Tool · HIFLD retail service territories

Natural gas here

68% of the 4,280 homes here heat with utility gas.

Utility gas 68%Electricity 28%Propane or LP 2%Oil, wood, other 2%

• CenterPoint Energy Ohio regulated utility100% of residents, main companyCenterPoint Energy, Inc.

Pipes under the street: CenterPoint Energy Ohio reported 5,678 miles of distribution main to PHMSA for 2025, 55% plastic and 1.4% cast iron or bare steel (the leak-prone materials); 1,103 hazardous leaks repaired in 2025.

PUCO lists 3 companies operating in Montgomery County: CenterPoint Energy Ohio, Knox Energy Cooperative Association, Inc., Village of Verona.

Source: PUCO gas distribution companies by county, April 2026 · federal (EIA) territory polygons, 2016 · Census ACS 2020 to 2024 heating fuel · PUCO natural gas · HIFLD

Power plants

Nearest plant of any size: Monument, 1.7 mi (oil, 12 MW).

2 plants within 10 miles totalling 620 MW: 1 gas (607 MW), 1 oil (12 MW).

Solar: Yankee Street, 1 MW AC (2010), 8 acres, 13.2 mi away; 1 utility-scale solar farm within 15 miles.

Capacity is net summer capacity in megawatts (EIA), not output; a solar farm's 200 MW runs a quarter of the hours a gas plant's would. Small peaking engines and landfill-gas units count as plants.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Form 860 plant inventory via HIFLD (February 2025); USGS U.S. Wind Turbine Database and U.S. Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database; NRC emergency planning zones around Perry and Davis-Besse (residents inside the roughly 10-mile zone counted by 2020 census block); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · EIA-860 · HIFLD · USGS wind turbines · USGS solar · NRC emergency planning zones

Gas transmission pipelines

No transmission line crosses this ZIP.

Transmission lines run at hundreds of pounds of pressure and are inspected under federal rules; the distribution mains that actually feed homes are a separate, denser network not shown here. By mileage in this EIA layer Ohio's map is dominated by Columbia Gas Transmission and East Ohio Gas's intrastate lines; Texas Eastern and the Rover and Nexus lines built for Utica shale gas are among the other large interstate systems.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Natural Gas Interstate and Intrastate Pipelines layer (data last updated July 2025, pulled September 2026), via the ArcGIS Online copy maintained by Esri's Federal User Community; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center; lengths clipped to the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection · EIA U.S. Energy Atlas · ArcGIS Online item

Incumbent telephone company

• AT&T Ohio100% of residentsIncumbent local exchange carrier

Source: PUCO incumbent local exchange carrier service areas · 2020 census blocks · PUCO telephone

Internet

Served, 100/20 Mbps or better 100%Underserved, 25/3 to 100/20 0%Unserved, under 25/3 0%

Fiber reaches 39% of locations, cable 99%; a year earlier 100% were served.

Of 4,280 households, 68% subscribe to cable, fiber or DSL, 14% rely on a cellular plan only, and 12% have no internet at home.

Measured by Ookla speed tests, April to June 2025: typical fixed download 369.9 Mbps, upload 66.6 Mbps, 18 ms latency, across 223 tests from up to 92 devices in 47 map tiles.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection, June 2024 (availability) · Census ACS 2020 to 2024 (subscriptions) · Ookla Open Data, fixed-network speed tests by tile, 2025 Q2 (measured speeds) · FCC broadband map · Ookla open data · Census ACS

Cell signal

• AT&T4G 100% · 5G 100%
• T-Mobile4G 100% · 5G 100%
• Verizon4G 100% · 5G 94%

Registered towers: 0 antenna structures registered with the FCC inside this ZIP and 24 within 3 miles of its center; the nearest is a 160-foot monopole 1.2 mi away. Only structures over 200 feet or near airports must register, so most cell sites on short poles, water towers and rooftops are not counted.

Measured mobile speeds (Ookla speed tests, April to June 2026): typical download 444.3 Mbps, upload 39.8 Mbps, latency 38 ms over 28 tests from up to 23 devices in 17 map tiles.

Coverage as the carriers report it to the FCC for outdoor use at a stationary spot, by land area rather than by residents; indoor signal and rural hollows can be worse.

Source: FCC Mobile Broadband Data Collection via Esri Living Atlas (layer last updated November 2025, i.e. the June 30, 2025 filing round), carrier-reported outdoor coverage by hexagon, summed over the ZIP's land; FCC Antenna Structure Registration database, September 2026; Ookla open data mobile tiles, 2026 Q2 · FCC broadband map · FCC antenna registration · Ookla open data

EV charging

2 public stations inside this ZIP with 12 Level 2 and 2 DC fast ports; the nearest of any kind is DCH STATION, 1 mi. 55 stations within 5 miles of the ZIP's population center, 4 with DC fast charging.

Networks here: Blink (1), ChargePoint (1).

Level 2 adds roughly 20 to 30 miles of range an hour; DC fast charging fills most cars in under an hour. Listings are operator-reported and lag new openings and closures.

Source: NREL Alternative Fuels Data Center via the U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics (public, open electric stations, the posts at one site merged, restricted-access sites excluded), and chargers in neighbouring states near the border; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center; station list as of May 29, 2026 · Alternative Fuels Data Center · BTS Alternative Fueling Stations (NTAD)

Public transit

118 stops inside this ZIP: Dayton RTA (118).

Only fixed-route systems that publish a GTFS feed appear; dial-a-ride and demand-response services do not, and a handful of small fixed-route systems publish no feed at all. Half a mile is roughly a ten-minute walk.

Source: USDOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transit Map stops (National Transportation Atlas Database, 2025 vintage, fetched September 2026), plus the Springfield, Lancaster-Fairfield, Knox County Transit, WayGo and BGSU Shuttle GTFS feeds; share of 2020 census block population within half a mile of a stop · BTS National Transit Map · BTS transportation atlas · Springfield City Area Transit GTFS feed · Lancaster-Fairfield Public Transit GTFS feed · Knox County Transit GTFS feed · WayGo GTFS feed · BGSU Shuttle GTFS feed

Walkability

Street grid

65 intersections per square mile, a mix of grid and cul-de-sacs

Transit

100% of residents live in a block group whose population center is within three-quarters of a mile of a stop in the EPA's 2020 transit file, on average 529 metres away

Mix of uses

employment mix 0.50 and mix of homes and job types 0.63 on the EPA's 0 to 1 scales, where 1 is the most varied

Car-free households

18.8% of households have no vehicle (Census ACS 2020 to 2024)

The index scores every block group on intersection density, distance to transit and how mixed its jobs and homes are, then ranks them against the whole country. It measures the street pattern, not sidewalks, safety or hills.

Source: EPA National Walkability Index (Smart Location Database 3.0, 2021) by census block group, population-weighted to the ZIP through 2020 census blocks; car-free households from Census ACS 2020 to 2024 table B25044 (the Homes card), or, where that is missing, the Smart Location Database's own 2014 to 2018 share weighted by households · EPA walkability index · Smart Location Database · Census ACS

Rail crossings

3 with gates; railroads: CSX (3). Busiest crossing: 22 trains a day reported; fastest line 60 mph.

Collisions: 2 crossing incidents reported to the FRA inside this ZIP since 2010 (2 injured), the latest in 2024; most at Leo Street in Dayton (2).

Montgomery County has logged 11 rail accidents since 2010, 7 of them derailments (FRA Form 54). Yard mishaps at walking speed dominate; main-line derailments are the rare, dangerous ones.

Train counts and speeds are the railroad's last inventory update. Crossings with only crossbucks rely on the driver; Ohio has averaged about 77 crossing collisions a year from 2010 to 2025 (FRA Form 57), between 64 and 87 in a year.

Source: Federal Railroad Administration, Grade Crossing Inventory (Form 71, current records); crossings whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary, closed crossings excluded; nearest crossing measured from the population-weighted center. Collisions are FRA Form 57 crossing incidents since 2010, placed by crossing id through the inventory's coordinates; train accidents are FRA Form 54 rail equipment accidents since 2010, placed by their own reported coordinates, counted one per incident rather than one per report (county totals from the same file). All three pulled from data.transportation.gov, September 2026 · FRA crossing inventory (Form 71, current) · FRA crossing incidents (Form 57) · FRA rail equipment accidents (Form 54) · FRA safety data · DOT open data

Bridges

Age

typical bridge built 1961; oldest 1959, SR-4 over C51(Harshman Road)

Busiest

IR-75 over Great Miami River, 112,195 vehicles a day (2015 count)

Owners

state 19, city 2

Ratings come from the inspection every bridge gets at least every two years; poor means deterioration that needs repair, not imminent danger. FHWA's file is a yearly snapshot with inspections through early 2025, so a bridge replaced, re-rated or closed since then still shows its old rating here; ODOT's TIMS bridge inventory carries the current one. Traffic figures are the average daily counts the bridge owners filed with the inventory; most Ohio counts date from 2015 and some are older. County engineers own most of Ohio's small bridges and ODOT the big ones.

Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Bridge Inventory 2025 (Ohio file); structures whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary; condition from NBI items 58, 59, 60 and 62 (deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert) · FHWA bridge inventory · ODOT TIMS bridge inventory (live)

Traffic

Trucks

15,716 a day on I-75, 14% of its traffic

Driving

about 552K vehicle-miles a day on the 329 counted segments inside the ZIP; the typical segment carries 9,337 vehicles

Freeway volumes

13 segments carry 50,000 or more a day

Busiest local road

city street 5404, 30,055 vehicles a day

Annual average daily traffic is both directions combined, averaged over the year. County, township and city roads are labelled by their route number, which ODOT uses instead of the street name. Most city streets have no count, so the busiest local road is the busiest counted one. Interchange ramps are left out of the busiest-road pick; a ZIP with nothing but ramps shows one labelled ramp and its ODOT number.

Road deaths: 34 people died in 28 crashes inside this ZIP in 2020 to 2024 (2 pedestrians, 1 cyclist, 5 motorcyclists); 5 involved a drinking driver and 14 happened in the dark; most on SR-4 (8). That is 63.4 deaths a year per 100,000 residents against 10.6 across Ohio's ZIPs; deaths are counted where the crash happened, and many who die live elsewhere. (NHTSA FARS)

Source: ODOT traffic count segments, 2025 annual average daily traffic (ODOT TIMS); segments assigned to the ZIP holding their midpoint; NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System 2020 to 2024, crashes placed by their coordinates · ODOT TIMS traffic count segments · NHTSA FARS

Airports and trains

Nearest airfield

James M Cox Dayton International (DAY), Dayton, 8.5 mi, public use

Amtrak

Cincinnati station, 51.1 mi

Ohio's Amtrak stops are on the Floridian (Amtrak has temporarily combined the Capitol Limited with the Silver Star), the Lake Shore Limited and the Cardinal, all overnight trains; Cincinnati's only calls three times a week. Amtrak's Thruway bus stops, Dayton-Trotwood among them, are not counted as stations here. Airline service at Toledo and Rickenbacker is limited to a few routes; Youngstown-Warren has had no airline flights since 2018.

Source: FAA airport facilities and Amtrak stations via USDOT BTS National Transportation Atlas; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · BTS transportation atlas

Radon in this ZIP

42% of tests at or above EPA's 4 pCi/L action level · median 3.3 · highest 54.7

A ZIP average says nothing about one house; readings next door can differ tenfold. Test yours, and fix it at 4 pCi/L or more.

Source: odh.ohio.gov radon levels by ZIP code, tests since 2010, before mitigation · ODH radon program

Flood zones

26% of the ZIP's land is in that floodplain, and another 13% is in the 0.2% (500-year) zone; 7.3% of residents live in the 0.2% zone. Zones mapped here: X (0.2%), AE.

Design storms (NOAA Atlas 14): a 100-year storm here drops 5.5 inches in 24 hours (2.7 in a single hour, 4.1 in six); a 2-year storm 2.7, 10-year 3.8, 25-year 4.4, 500-year 6.7 inches in 24 hours. Storm sewers, culverts and detention ponds are sized from these numbers, and a "100-year" storm has a 1% chance every year.

Nearest river gauge: Great Miami River at Dayton OH, 2.6 mi away, draining 2,511 square miles. Record flow 250,000 cubic feet a second at a stage of 29 ft on 1913-03-25; the highest since 2016 was 43,200 on 2018-04-04 (USGS, 121 annual peaks, 1893 to 2025).

4 federal flood insurance policies are in force in this ZIP, covering $835,000 of buildings; 25% of them are in a mapped high-risk zone; the typical policy costs $1,176 a year (about 1% of households).

1 federal flood insurance claim from this ZIP since 1978, 1 since 2010, with no recorded payment; the worst year was 2020 with 1 claim.

Levees: 7 levee or floodwall segments totalling 1.3 miles cross this ZIP, holding back Great Miami River, Mad River. FEMA has not rated their accreditation.

Community status: Dayton takes part in the National Flood Insurance Program; flood map effective 10/27/22. Riverside takes part in the National Flood Insurance Program; flood map effective 10/27/22. Montgomery County's unincorporated areas take part in the National Flood Insurance Program; flood map effective 10/27/22.

Lenders require flood insurance on mortgaged homes in the 1% zone (zones A and AE). Block centers understate narrow floodplains in rural areas, so check the FEMA map for a specific address.

Source: FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer (effective flood insurance rate maps, levee centerlines) · 2020 census block centers · ZIP land area by polygon overlay, open water excluded; NOAA Atlas 14 precipitation frequency at the ZIP center; USGS NWIS annual peak flows; OpenFEMA NFIP policies in force by reported ZIP as of September 2026, NFIP redacted claims and the Community Status Book · FEMA flood hazard layer · FEMA Map Service Center · OpenFEMA · NOAA Atlas 14 · USGS stream gauges

Natural hazard risk

• Ice storm82
• Inland flooding78

FEMA's expected annual loss here from all hazards: $6.2 million a year in buildings, crops and lives.

The index blends how often a hazard strikes, what it would cost, and how vulnerable and resilient the community is. Inland flooding (rivers and heavy rain) scores 78, tornado 54, winter weather 63.

Source: FEMA National Risk Index, census tracts, December 2025 release, weighted to this ZIP by 2020 block population · FEMA National Risk Index · NRI census tract layer (ArcGIS)

Climate

Temperature

53.3°F average; typical January low 20°, July high 87°

Hot and cold days

39 days a year reach 90°F; 107 nights fall below freezing, 3 below 0°F; 29 days never climb above freezing

Rain and snow

41.6 inches of precipitation on 80 days with a tenth of an inch or more; 12 inches of snow on 5 days with an inch or more, snow on the ground 22 days

Degree days

5,432 heating, 1,191 cooling (base 65°F): the higher the heating number, the bigger the winter gas bill

Drought (U.S. Drought Monitor): since 2020 Montgomery County has spent 32 weeks in moderate drought or worse, 3 of them severe or worse (most recently 3 weeks in 2024), and 86 weeks at least abnormally dry. The worst since 2000 was extreme drought in 2024/09; 7% of all weeks since 2000 were in drought. As of 2026-09-01: no drought.

Long run (NOAA, Montgomery County): the average year ran 53.4 °F over 1996 to 2025 against 51.3 °F over 1901 to 1930, 2.1 °F warmer (2.0 °F warmer than 1951 to 1980); the warmest year on record was 2024 at 56.4 °F, and 2025 came in at 53.3 °F. Precipitation averaged 42.0 inches a year lately against 39.5 a century ago, 6% more; the wettest year was 2011 with 57.9 inches, and 2025 brought 41.2. More rain in bigger bursts is what strains storm sewers and septic fields.

Stations: Dayton Mcd (1.7 mi, temperature and precipitation and snowfall; 10 years of snowfall record). Normals are thirty-year averages, so a single winter can run far above or below them; NOAA marks this snowfall normal provisional because the station record is too short or too patchy for a standard normal, and the temperature and precipitation figures here skip stations with under 10 years.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 (annual/seasonal and monthly); nearest reporting station to the ZIP's population-weighted center for each element; U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics · NOAA climate normals · NOAA climate at a glance · U.S. Drought Monitor

Air quality

Worst days

98th-percentile day 18 µg/m³ (24-hour standard 35)

Ozone

69 ppb, 4th-highest daily 8-hour reading at Eastwood, 1.3 mi away (standard 70)

Montgomery County AQI, 2025

220 good days, 141 moderate, 4 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse of the 365 days indexed; peak 129, median 46

Montgomery County AQI, 2026 so far

70 good days, 50 moderate and 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse in the 120 days indexed through April 30; peak 84 (Ozone)

Air toxics

30 in a million lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics across Montgomery County (EPA AirToxScreen 2020), mostly formaldehyde (19) and carbon tetrachloride (3)

Permitted sources

29 permitted air sources inside this ZIP under the Clean Air Act, 8 synthetic minor; 2 had a violation in the last 3 years; $15,000 in penalties in the last 5 years. Notable: Industrial Fiberglass Specialties, Inc (1 violation quarter); Industrial Fiberglass Specialities Inc (1 violation quarter). Nearest major source Monument Generating Station in Dayton, 1.7 mi (19 permanently closed sources also on file) (EPA ECHO)

Air standards

Montgomery County is a maintenance area for fine particulate (1997) (Dayton-Springfield, OH, redesignated 2013), meaning it once failed that standard and must keep a plan to stay clean (EPA Green Book)

Ohio has 38 PM2.5 monitors, mostly in cities and near industry, so a rural ZIP borrows a reading from far away. 2025 includes Canadian wildfire smoke days. Air-toxics risk is EPA's modelled lifetime estimate for the county as a whole; EPA's national average is about 30 in a million, and formaldehyde, with the globally mixed carbon tetrachloride background and acetaldehyde, makes up most of it.

Source: EPA Air Quality System, 2025 annual summary files (monitor annual concentrations, county AQI) and the 2026 daily county AQI file; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center to the nearest monitor · EPA air data files · EPA AirToxScreen · EPA Green Book · EPA ECHO

Toxic and Superfund sites

27 facilities have reported toxic chemical releases or transfers to EPA's inventory from inside this ZIP, and 13 sites appear in the Superfund program's list (most assessed and never listed).

285 EPA-registered facilities of all kinds in this ZIP: 3 brownfield sites in the cleanup program (2046 Valley Street, Royal Motel, Sparky's Automobile Center), 145 hazardous-waste handlers, 52 with air permits, 16 with water discharge permits.

Nearest landfill: Eco-Green Recycling Enterprises LLC West, 0.2 mi from the center, construction and demolition debris landfill; 1 landfill site within 3 miles of the population center, 1 inside this ZIP. Ohio EPA's list includes closed and historic dumps.

State cleanup program: 17 sites inside this ZIP (Amcast Industrial Corp; Brandt Pike Oil Terminals; DAP and more), 33 within 3 miles of the population center; the nearest is Van Dyne-Crotty Inc, 0.1 mi from the center, remedial response.

Voluntary cleanups: 2 properties inside this ZIP hold an Ohio EPA covenant not to sue after a Voluntary Action Program cleanup; 10 such properties within 3 miles of the population center, nearest Dayton Electroplate Inc, 0.7 mi. These are former industrial and commercial sites certified clean enough to reuse.

Solid waste: no licensed solid waste facility inside this ZIP; nearest Wagner Ford Road Hard Fill and Compost Facility (compost site), 1.5 mi from the center; 2 within 5 miles of the center (Ohio EPA licences, 2026). Compost sites and transfer stations are where most of a county's trash and yard waste actually goes.

Hazardous waste (EPA ECHO): 64 active RCRA handlers inside this ZIP; 2 had a violation in the last 3 years. Notable: Hohman Plating LLC (8 violation quarters); Sweeping Corporation of America (1 violation quarter). Nearest treatment, storage or disposal facility: Univar Solutions USA LLC in Moraine, 6.5 mi. Handlers include every business that generates hazardous waste, from body shops to chemical plants.

Underground tanks: 11 sites with 33 registered underground storage tanks in use (216 more tanks closed over the years); 121 leaking-tank releases on record, 5 open at the time, 93 inside a drinking-water source protection area; 4 reported since 2015, the latest in 2017 (EPA UST Finder, Ohio records as of 2018-2019).

Drop-off sites: the nearest scrap tire drop-off is Tyre Empire, Dayton, 2.9 mi away (3 within 15 mi); the nearest household battery drop-off is Montgomery County Transfer and Recycling Station, Dayton, 5.7 mi away (13 within 15 mi) (Ohio EPA).

The inventory covers larger manufacturers and federal facilities that use listed chemicals; reporting means use or release, not a measured hazard to neighbours. Superfund status: on, proposed for, or deleted from the list after cleanup.

Source: EPA Facility Registry Service, Superfund (SEMS and NPL) sites and Toxics Release Inventory reporters, points inside the ZIP boundary; distance from the ZIP's population-weighted center · EPA Facility Registry · EPA Superfund sites · Ohio EPA cleanup sites · EPA UST Finder · EPA ECHO

Toxic releases

Where it went

135 lb to the air, 64 lb to surface water, 0 lb to land or underground injection; another 25,932 lb was shipped off site for disposal or release

Chemicals

Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution) 64 lb, Chromium 62 lb, Cyanide compounds 34 lb

Carcinogens

8 lb of the on-site releases were chemicals EPA lists as carcinogens

Facilities

Hohman Plating & Manufacturing Inc (Fabricated Metals): 125 lb, mostly Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution); Mahle Behr Dayton Llc (Transportation Equipment): 62 lb, mostly Chromium; Mullins Rubber Products Inc. (Plastics and Rubber): 12 lb, mostly Zinc compounds

To water

Hohman Plating & Manufacturing Inc 64 lb

Trend

27,031 lb on site in 2020, so down 99% over four years

Pounds are what facilities report, not what reaches anyone: a ton of ammonia to the air and an ounce of mercury to a river are not the same risk. Off-site transfers go mostly to landfills and treatment plants elsewhere.

Source: EPA Toxics Release Inventory, basic data files for Ohio, reporting years 2020 to 2024 (2024 shown); facilities placed by their coordinates; dioxin rows reported in grams are left out of the pound totals · EPA TRI data files

Dams

Nearest high-hazard dam: Huffman Dam, 3.7 mi, condition fair (flood risk reduction, 73 ft high, 297K acre-feet, built 1922, on Mad River, local government owned).

No inventoried dam sits inside this ZIP.

"High hazard" describes what a failure would do downstream, not the dam's shape; Ohio rates more than a third of its inventoried dams in poor condition, mostly small private lake dams. Emergency action plans are required for high-hazard dams.

Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Inventory of Dams (August 2026 release); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Condition assessments come from Ohio's dam safety program. · National Inventory of Dams

Disasters on record

Strongest nearby: EF4 on 2019-05-27, 18.17 mi track (166 injured).

16 federal declarations for Montgomery County since Ohio's first in 1956 (11 major disasters): severe storm 5, flood 4, biological 2. Latest: Covid-19 Pandemic (2020).

1 earthquake of magnitude 2 or more within 25 miles since 1970, the largest M2.3 4 km E of Carlisle, Ohio in 2025.

Warnings since 2015 (National Weather Service, Montgomery County): 35 tornado warnings (2016: 3, 2017: 2, 2018: 1, 2019: 5, 2020: 1, 2021: 4, 2022: 4, 2023: 3, 2024: 2, 2025: 3, 2026: 7), 230 severe thunderstorm warnings, 29 flash flood warnings, 27 flood warnings and 155 flood advisories, 12 winter storm or blizzard warnings, 36 heat warnings or advisories, 7 extreme cold or wind chill warnings, 1 snow squall warning; 1,106 products in all.

Mitigation grants (FEMA): 9 hazard mitigation projects in Montgomery County since 2003, worth $2.7 million ($2.0 million federal), covering 43 properties; mostly property buyouts, warning systems, advanced assistance. Largest: property buyouts for Kettering, $1.8 million (fiscal 2003).

Disaster aid to households: 353 households in this ZIP registered with FEMA after 2 declared disasters; 107 were approved for $385,051 of housing and other-needs help. Registrations by event: severe storms, straight-line winds, tornadoes, flooding, landslides and mudslide (2019): 343; COVID-19 pandemic (2020): 10.

299 severe weather reports for Montgomery County since 2016 in NOAA's Storm Events log: 185 damaging thunderstorm wind, 48 hail, 33 river and street flooding, 22 flash floods. Largest hail 1.75 in (Jun 18, 2021); strongest measured gust 74 mph (Mar 30, 2025); 2 deaths and 166 injuries; about $503.0 million in reported damage, the costliest being tornadoes on May 27, 2019 ($500.0M). Zone-wide advisories add 64 winter weather, 11 high wind, 9 winter storms.

Tornado tracks are straight lines from touchdown to lift-off; a near miss counts, a direct hit is not distinguished. Declarations include the 2020 COVID-19 emergency for every county; the latest, declared 2 May 2024 (DR-4777), covers the 14 March 2024 tornadoes in eleven counties, Indian Lake among them.

Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database 1950-2025; OpenFEMA disaster declarations summaries; USGS earthquake catalog (M2+, 1970 to date); NOAA Storm Events database 2016 to 2026 by county. Distances from the ZIP's population-weighted center. · NOAA SPC tornado data · OpenFEMA · USGS earthquakes · NOAA storm events · IEM warning archive

Spills and releases

What spilled

diesel and fuel oil (9), unidentified material or sheen (5), oils and hydraulic fluid (5)

Largest

about 1,500 gallons of fuel diesel / diesel fuel (vehicle on or off road) in 2022, Dayton

Reached water

6 of them reached a creek, river, ditch or storm drain (named or unnamed)

By year

2021: 7, 2022: 5, 2023: 3, 2024: 7, 2025: 3, 2026: 4

Anyone who spills more than a reportable quantity must call Ohio EPA within 30 minutes, so the log mixes a few gallons of diesel on a highway shoulder with real releases; the reported volume is the caller's first estimate. Every report in Ohio EPA's open-data layer carries coordinates; air-pollution complaints and calls where nothing was found are left out of this count.

Source: Ohio EPA Emergency Response spill reports (Spills2 open data), reports with coordinates inside the ZIP boundary, 2021 to date · Ohio EPA spills data · Ohio EPA Office of Emergency Response

Oil and gas wells

Ohio has drilled since 1860, so most wells here are old, shallow and plugged; unplugged orphans and injection wells are the ones that matter for groundwater. Well-head points can be a few hundred feet off for the oldest records.

Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management, public well inventory (well-head points); counts inside the ZIP boundary and within 1 mile of the ZIP's population-weighted center · ODNR oil and gas · ODNR GIS services

Abandoned mines

Undermined land can subside and old workings can discharge acid mine water; ODNR's Abandoned Mine Land program funds repairs, and mine-subsidence insurance is included automatically in 26 eastern counties and offered as an option in 11 more. Maps drawn before 1977 are incomplete, so "none" means none mapped.

Quarries, pits and working mines: nearest G-Tract (limestone, CEMEX, Inc., 173,381 tons sold), 6.2 mi away in Montgomery County; 0 within 3 miles, 6 within 10 (ODNR Industrial Minerals Locations, 2015, which includes surface and underground coal mines).

Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Mines of Ohio (abandoned underground mine maps, coal and industrial minerals, pre-1977), overlaid on the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection · ODNR mines of Ohio · ODNR Geological Survey

Soils and septic

Soil

Fox-Urban land complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes; Fox makes up 47% of the unit, 4% slope

Water

well drained; flooding none, ponding none

Septic

Very limited for a leach field under Ohio's rule

Basements

Not limited for dwellings with basements

Farmland

Not prime farmland

Elevation

764 feet above sea level at the ZIP's population center; Ohio runs from 455 feet where the Ohio River leaves the state to 1,549 feet at Campbell Hill

One point stands for the ZIP; soils change field by field, and a site evaluation is what the health department goes by. "Very limited" means the standard design will not work, not that nothing will.

Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, SSURGO soil survey via Soil Data Access; the map unit at the ZIP's population-weighted center and its dominant component's interpretations; Copernicus GLO-90 elevation model (via Open-Meteo) at that center · USDA Soil Data Access · Web Soil Survey · Open-Meteo elevation

Parks and public land

Eastwood Metropark

local park, 273 acres inside the ZIP

Gateway Park

local park, 145 acres inside the ZIP

Nearest state park: Sycamore State Park, 9.1 mi.

Protected land: 14.7% of this ZIP (748 acres) is in the USGS Protected Areas Database inventory of fee-owned parks, preserves and recreation land (public agencies, land trusts, and private clubs, camps and utility land, as their owners report it): 748 acres local. Largest: Eastwood Metropark (city), 444 acres; Gateway Park (city), 145 acres; Kettering Field (city), 61 acres. 11% of the ZIP is protected land open to the public.

Trails: 7.3 miles of named trails cross this ZIP: Buckeye Trail (3.6 mi, statewide trail); Mad River Recreational Trail (2 mi, regional trail); Great Miami River Recreation Trail, Route 25 (1.6 mi, regional trail) (ODNR statewide trails inventory).

Open access as reported by each owner; local inventories vary, so a golf course or school field can be listed and a new park missed.

State lands nearby (ODNR facility layers): nearest boat ramp: Young Road Boat Ramp at Caesar Creek State Park, 19.1 mi (0 within 5 miles); fishing access: The Narrows River Access at Little Miami State Scenic River, 9.7 mi (0 within 5 miles); swim area: Boat Swim Area at Caesar Creek State Park, 20.5 mi (0 within 5 miles); campground: Campground/Campsite at Sycamore State Park, 9.2 mi (0 within 5 miles).

Source: USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States 4.1 (open-access fee, designation and easement polygons), overlaid on the ZIP boundary; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center to the nearest ODNR state park · USGS PAD-US · ODNR GIS services

Wetlands

86 acres pond, 7 acres forested/shrub wetland, 7 acres emergent wetland. Largest single wetland: 15 acres of freshwater pond.

High-quality wetlands: nearest is Beaver Creek WA (Ohio DNR), 279 acres, 8.6 mi away; 1 within 10 miles.

Mitigation sites: nearest Harshman Rd. Montgomery County, 2.2 mi away (a permittee-responsible site under an environmental covenant); 7 within 10 miles. These are wetlands and streams built or restored to replace ones filled under Clean Water Act permits.

Assessed wetland: nearest Trotwood, a mitigation wetland of 9.8 acres, 7 mi away: no ORAM score, plant community index 16 of 100 (surveyed 2001); 4 within 10 miles. Category 3 wetlands are the state's best and hardest to fill; category 1 are degraded.

Mapped from aerial photography, mostly 2004 to 2007 (the Lake Erie watersheds were re-mapped from 2021 imagery, a few areas date from 1976 to 2005 or 2014 to 2023), so small and seasonal wetlands are undercounted and ponds dug or filled since then are missing; a site delineation decides whether a lot is jurisdictional. Emergent means marsh, forested and shrub means swamp.

Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory (Ohio geodatabase), freshwater wetland and pond polygons clipped to the ZIP boundary; lakes and river channels excluded, imagery mostly 2004 to 2007 (Lake Erie basin 2021) · USFWS wetlands inventory · Ohio EPA GIS services

Land cover

Developed

84%: 14% high intensity (downtown blocks, big-box lots), 26% medium (apartments, small-lot houses), 21% low (houses on larger lots), 22% open space (lawns, parks, golf courses, road verges)

Farmland

0.5%: 0.2% row crops, 0.3% pasture and hay

Crops 2025

of 105 cropped acres, 1% soybeans, 85% corn, 5% wheat and small grains, 2% hay and alfalfa, 9% vegetables, orchards, fallow and other crops; 130 acres of pasture and grass (USDA Cropland Data Layer)

Forest

4.1%

Water and wetland

9.5% open water, 1.3% wetland

Paved and roofed

39% of the ZIP's surface is impervious; rain that lands there runs straight to a storm drain or stream instead of soaking in

Tree canopy

12% of the ZIP sits under tree canopy

Area

7.2 square miles of land

Land cover is classified from Landsat imagery at 30 metre pixels, so a house on a wooded lot can read as forest and a farm lane as open space. Stream health starts to slip once about 10% of a watershed is impervious, and is usually poor above 25%.

Source: National Land Cover Database 2021 (USGS and the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium): land cover, percent impervious surface and tree canopy at 30 m, summarised over the ZIP boundary · NLCD · USDA Cropland Data Layer · ODNR pre-settlement vegetation

People

Education

10.2% of adults 25+ hold a bachelor's degree or higher, 2.7% a graduate degree; 60.4% stopped at high school or earlier

Ages

26% under 18, 15.7% 65 or older

Race and origin

68.8% white, 20.2% Black, 7.7% Hispanic or Latino, 1.7% Asian, 1.6% other or two or more races

Born abroad

11.7% of residents (1,153 people); largest countries of birth: Sudan (464), Uzbekistan (235), Guatemala (96)

Veterans

7.4% of adults

Households

2.3 people per household on average; 40% of households are one person living alone, 26% married couples

Who lives here

28% of households include children, 30% someone 65 or over and 16.2% are a senior living alone; of people 15 and over, 32% are married, 44% never married, 18% divorced and 6% widowed

Poverty

34.5% of residents live below the poverty line, 42.3% of children and 27.0% of people 65 and over; the Gini index of income inequality is 0.45 (0 would mean every household earns the same, 1 that one household earns everything). County-wide, the Census Bureau's 2024 estimate is 14.4% (20.2% of children) with a median household income of $66,349 (SAIPE)

Ancestry

most often reported: German 16%, English 11%, Irish 9%

Movers

10.3% of residents lived somewhere else a year earlier, 1.8% in another state and 0.7% abroad

Language

2.9% of households speak limited English; 5.4% speak Spanish at home

Moving

21,282 people moved into Montgomery County between the returns they filed in 2022 and 2023 and 21,649 moved out (net −367, 401,270 stayed put); most arrivals came from Greene, OH (3,549), Warren, OH (1,621), Butler, OH (1,216); most leavers went to Greene, OH (3,690), Warren, OH (1,801), Miami, OH (1,541) (IRS)

Metro or rural

USDA rural-urban continuum code 2 of 9 for Montgomery County: metro - counties in metro areas of 250,000 to 1 million population

Nonprofits

77 tax-exempt organizations registered to addresses in this ZIP, 10 of them reporting $1 million or more in income; 77% are 501(c)(3) charities and 36% churches or religious groups; largest: Dayton Childrens Hospital ($918 million), Dayton Childrens Hospital Foundation ($52 million), Childrens Home Care Of Dayton ($13 million) (IRS)

County growth

Montgomery County went from 537,304 people in April 2020 to 539,598 in July 2025 (+0.4%): 30,464 births, 34,529 deaths and a net +6,443 from migration since 2020; in 2025 alone a net 1,659 moved in from elsewhere in the U.S. and 1,224 arrived from abroad (Census estimates)

Since 1900

First counted in 1810 with 7,722 people and 38,218 by 1850, Montgomery County counted 130,146 people in 1900, 398,441 in 1950, 606,148 in 1970, 559,141 in 2000 and 537,304 in 2020; it peaked at 606,148 in 1970 (4.1 times its 1900 size, decennial censuses)

Commuting area: USDA classes this ZIP as the core of a metropolitan area (rural-urban commuting area code 1 of 10, 2020 edition).

Race shares follow the Census categories, with Hispanic origin counted separately from race. Five-year averages centered on 2022. Moves count people on tax returns whose address changed county, so students and the very poor are undercounted.

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020 to 2024 five-year estimates by ZIP Code Tabulation Area (tables B15003, B03002, B05002, B21001, B01001, B25010, B11001, B17001, B19083, B04006, B07003, C16002, B05006, B11005, B11007, B12001); county population estimates, vintage 2025; IRS exempt organization master file; USDA rural-urban continuum codes 2023; USDA ERS rural-urban commuting area codes 2020; 2020 Census PL 94-171 redistricting file, group quarters (table P5); IRS Statistics of Income county migration, returns filed in 2022 and 2023; Census SAIPE 2024 county poverty and median income; decennial county counts from the Census Bureau report Population of States and Counties of the United States 1790 to 1990 · Census ACS · Census population estimates · IRS migration data · USDA ERS county codes · USDA ERS commuting area codes · 2020 Census redistricting data · Census SAIPE · IRS exempt organizations

Jobs and commuting

Largest employers by sector: Health care and social assistance 4,660, Manufacturing 4,305, Wholesale 931. 65% of local jobs pay over $3,333 a month, and 44% of residents' jobs do.

Businesses: 345 establishments with 13,607 employees and $830 million a year in payroll in 2023, at least 19 of them with 100 or more workers; most common: manufacturing (80), wholesale trade (41), other services (37), construction (33) (ZIP Business Patterns).

Workplace safety (OSHA): 18 inspections of workplaces in this ZIP since 2020 (8 after complaints, 4 planned, 5 on referrals); most inspected: Sign Technologies, Llc (2), Composite Technologies Co. Llc (2), Residential Hydrogen Power, Llc (2). 1 worker death investigated since 2015 and 4 hospitalisations: 2017, employee falls from elevated work surface and later dies.

County labor market: Montgomery County's unemployment rate was 3.7% in July 2026 (5.3% a year earlier), with 258,595 people in the labor force and 9,696 looking for work. Employers in the county paid an average of $1,279 a week in the first quarter of 2026 (up 1.9% on the year) to 249,311 workers at 13,136 establishments, employment up 0.2%; the largest private sectors are health care and social assistance (53,978 jobs, $1,316 a week), manufacturing (27,929 jobs, $1,404 a week), retail (23,144 jobs, $737 a week). (BLS)

Working-age residents: 55.6% of people 16 and over here are in the labor force, and 9.3% of the civilian labor force was unemployed, averaged over 2020 to 2024 (Census ACS). Residents' most common occupations: production 12%, office and administrative support 11%, management and business 11%; 4% are self-employed and 9% work for a government.

Federal money: in fiscal 2025 the federal government obligated $4.7 billion in contracts performed in Montgomery County ($8,795 a resident) and $785 million in grants ($1,461 a resident), plus $227,000 in loan guarantees and loans and $4.0 billion in direct payments to people and organizations (USAspending; Social Security, Medicare and most benefits are not counted).

County economy: Montgomery County produced $31.9 billion of real GDP in 2024 (2017 dollars, up 6.2% since 2019); personal income came to $60,796 a person in 2024, 28th of Ohio's 88 counties and up 28% since 2019 before inflation (BEA).

County type (USDA ERS, 2015 codes): Montgomery County is a metro county with a nonspecialized economy, flagged for population loss.

Opportunity zone: 65% of residents live in a census tract designated a federal Qualified Opportunity Zone in 2018, where investors who put capital gains into local projects get tax breaks (CDFI Fund list, 2010 tracts carried to 2020 boundaries).

How they get there: 74.1% drive alone, 13.6% carpool, 2.7% transit, 4.1% walk, 0% bike, 3.6% work from home (ACS).

Where residents work: 9% inside this ZIP; 7% in Dayton (45402), 6% in Dayton (45414), 5% in Dayton (45424) (shares of the 3,862 residents with an Ohio workplace).

Unemployment-insurance records tie each job to a workplace and a home address; large employers sometimes report every worker at a headquarters, which inflates a few ZIPs. Self-employment, the military, the Postal Service, most farm work and a large part of federal civilian employment are missing (federal jobs come from OPM records that omit several agencies and, in practice, most of Wright-Patterson).

Source: Census Bureau LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES 8), 2023, all jobs; populated census blocks assigned to ZIP Code Tabulation Areas by interior point, workplace-only blocks by the majority ZCTA of their block group or tract; Census ZIP Code Business Patterns 2023; OSHA enforcement data via the Labor Department open data catalog; BLS county unemployment (LAUS) and wages (QCEW); Census ACS 2020 to 2024 labor force by ZIP Code Tabulation Area (B23025); USAspending federal awards by county, fiscal 2025; BEA county GDP and personal income · Census LEHD · BLS local unemployment · BLS QCEW · BEA county GDP · USAspending · OSHA enforcement data · Census ZIP Business Patterns · Census ACS · USDA ERS county typology · CDFI Fund Opportunity Zones

Upward mobility

Meaning

among the lowest in Ohio: most low-income children stayed near the bottom

Incarceration

3.88% of those children were in jail or prison on census day 2010

Coverage

42% of the ZIP's residents live in tracts with an estimate

The rank describes people born around 1980 who were children here in the 1980s and 1990s; neighbourhoods change, so it is a record of what the place did for one generation, not a forecast. Estimates for small tracts are noisy.

Source: Opportunity Atlas tract outcomes (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones and Porter, 2018; Census Bureau and IRS data for children born 1978 to 1983), population-weighted to ZIPs through 2020 census blocks · Opportunity Atlas · Opportunity Insights data

Social vulnerability

Socioeconomic status

84th percentile: poverty, unemployment, housing cost burden, no high school diploma, no health insurance

Household characteristics

80th: people 65 and over or 17 and under, disability, single-parent households, limited English

Racial and ethnic minority status

65th

Housing and transportation

78th: multi-unit and mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, group quarters

The index ranks tracts on how much help their residents would need in a disaster or disease outbreak, using American Community Survey 2018 to 2022 figures. Ranks are within Ohio; a ZIP is the average of its tracts weighted by residents.

Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022, census tracts ranked among Ohio tracts, population-weighted to the ZIP through 2020 census blocks · CDC/ATSDR SVI

Community health

Weight and activity

obesity 43.8%, no leisure-time physical activity 40.2%

Chronic conditions

diabetes 18.2%, high blood pressure 40.5%, COPD 13.2%, cancer (any but non-melanoma skin cancer) 7.5%

Habits

current smoking 25.5%, binge drinking 14.8%, short sleep 44.0%

Mind

depression 30.1%, frequent mental distress 23.0%, feeling lonely 38.8%

Access

uninsured under 65 13.4%, yearly checkup 78.6%, dental visit 45.1%

Hardship

any disability 40.7%, food insecurity 29.2%

Heart and lungs

current asthma 12.9%, coronary heart disease 9.2%, stroke 5.0%, arthritis 31.5%

Keeping up

76.8% of adults with high blood pressure take medicine for it, 80.2% had a cholesterol check in 5 years

Social needs

housing insecurity 21.0%, no reliable transportation 15.5%, utility shut-off threat 17.3%, lacking emotional support 23.3%

Provider shortage

100% live in an area HRSA designates a primary care shortage area for its low-income residents (score 15 of 25); 100% live in an area HRSA designates a dental shortage area for its low-income residents (score 19 of 26); none for mental health (HRSA; higher scores mean greater need)

Coverage (Census)

9.2% of residents have no health insurance (4.5% of children); 44% are on Medicaid and 30% have coverage through an employer

Disability (Census)

20.0% of residents report a disability, 45% of those 65 and over

County (County Health Rankings 2025): Montgomery County sits in health group 6 of 10 among U.S. counties for population health (1 is healthiest) and group 5 for community conditions. Premature death 12,141 (Ohio 9,740) years of life lost before 75 per 100,000; one primary care doctor for every 1,055 people (Ohio 1,328), one mental health provider for every 249 people (Ohio 286), one dentist for every 1,739 people (Ohio 1,535); preventable hospital stays 3,246 (Ohio 3,033) per 100,000 Medicare enrollees; injury deaths 136.4 (Ohio 100.7) and suicides 15.3 (Ohio 14.7) per 100,000; infant deaths 7.9 (Ohio 7.0) per 1,000 births; teen births 22.0 (Ohio 17.4) per 1,000 girls 15 to 19; children in poverty 21.5 (Ohio 17.5) percent; fine-particle air pollution 10.3 (Ohio 7.8) micrograms per cubic metre; no community water system in the county had a health-based drinking water violation in 2023. Drug overdoses: 136 deaths in the 12 months ending December 2025 (178 a year earlier, 336 at the highest since 2020, in the 12 months ending February 2021), about 25.5 per 100,000 residents against 20.8 statewide (CDC provisional counts).

Cancer (NCI State Cancer Profiles): Montgomery County records 477.9 new cancers a year per 100,000 people, age-adjusted, for 2018 to 2022 (Ohio 472.9, U.S. 448.6), about 3,326 cases a year, with the rate stable; cancer deaths 162 per 100,000 (Ohio 160.3, U.S. 145.4), falling. By site, per 100,000 (Ohio in parentheses): lung 66.5 (63.6), colorectal 36.3 (38.4), female breast 141.4 (133), prostate 120.3 (120.8), bladder 21.5 (21.8), leukemia 12.9 (13).

Medicare: 118,286 people in Montgomery County were on Medicare in 2025 (22% of residents): 103,907 aged 65 or over and 14,379 younger people with disabilities. 61% chose a Medicare Advantage plan, 17% also had Medicaid and 83% had Part D drug coverage; enrollment is up 5% since 2020 (CMS).

Modelled from a national telephone survey and the ZIP's demographics, so these are estimates of what residents would report, not counts of patients; small ZIPs carry wide margins.

Source: CDC PLACES, 2025 release (BRFSS 2023 and 2022, ACS 2019-2023), model-based ZCTA estimates of crude adult prevalence; County Health Rankings 2025 and CDC provisional overdose counts for the county; HRSA shortage area designations weighted to the ZIP; Census ACS 2020 to 2024 (insurance, disability); CMS Medicare Monthly Enrollment, county, 2025 · CDC PLACES · County Health Rankings · CDC overdose data · NCI cancer profiles · HRSA data

Life expectancy

Ohio's statewide figure for the same years was 77.6; the United States 78.7. Differences of a year or two between neighbouring ZIPs are within the estimates' error; differences of five or more are real and track income, smoking and access to care.

Source: CDC National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (USALEEP), 2010-2015, census tracts weighted by 2020 block population · CDC USALEEP

Nearest hospital

289 beds · Level III trauma center · 6 general or critical-access hospitals within 10 miles, 13 within 25.

Medicare rating: ★★★★☆ · emergency room: yes · typical ER visit 127 minutes door to discharge (Ohio median 155)

Patients' verdict: 70% would definitely recommend it, 70% rated their stay 9 or 10 out of 10 (★★★☆☆ patient-experience rating, 1,603 surveys).

Outcomes: 30-day death rates after heart failure 10.7% (about the national rate), heart attack 10.7% (about the national rate), pneumonia 10.8% (about the national rate), July 2022 to June 2025; the patient-safety composite for serious complications (July 2022 to June 2024) is about the national value (Medicare).

Community health center: 2 inside this ZIP, nearest Community Health Centers of Greater Dayton - Corwin Nixon Health Center, Dayton, 0.7 mi away; 5 within 3 miles, 50 within 10. These federally funded clinics see anyone and charge on a sliding scale.

Veterans: nearest VA site is Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton (VA medical center), 5.7 mi away; 4 VA sites within 10 miles, 6 within 25.

Providers: 904 active health care providers list a practice address in this ZIP: 327 physicians, 133 nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 6 dentists, 137 mental health professionals, 3 pharmacies, 2 urgent care centers, 5 hospitals, 23 home health or hospice agencies; most common physician specialties: Pediatric Emergency Medicine (38), Pediatric Anesthesiology (35), Pediatrics (29) (NPPES registry, August 2026).

Dialysis: nearest Davita Wright Field Dialysis, Dayton, 3.3 mi away, 15 stations, Medicare ★★★☆☆ (DaVita); 5 within 5 miles, 20 within 15.

Source: federal HIFLD hospital inventory (via FEMA) with Medicare Care Compare star ratings, emergency-service flags, median emergency department times (measure OP_18b), HCAHPS patient survey results and 30-day death rates and patient-safety composites (Complications and Deaths file; a campus with no record of its own carries its parent hospital's figures, labelled); NPPES NPI registry, August 2026 monthly file, active records by practice ZIP; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center (some listings lag closures and mergers); HRSA health center sites, CMS dialysis facilities (geocoded with the Census geocoder) and the VA facility list · CMS Care Compare data · HIFLD · HRSA data · CMS NPI files

Nursing homes

11 certified homes within 5 miles, 53 within 15.

Medicare rating

★★☆☆☆ overall; inspections ★☆☆☆☆; staffing ★★☆☆☆

Beds

75 certified

Ownership

For profit, limited liability company

Penalties

fined $48,833 in 2 federal penalties since 2023, the latest on 2025-05-21 (CMS)

Stars are Medicare's Care Compare ratings; a 1-star home failed inspections or is thinly staffed, and the abuse flag means a citation for harm in the past year or two. Ratings shift every quarter.

Source: Medicare Care Compare nursing home provider and penalties files (CMS), geocoded with the Census Bureau; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · CMS Care Compare data

Crime

Violent

1,824 offenses: 40 murders, 157 rapes, 343 robberies, 1,284 aggravated assaults (13.5 per 1,000 residents; Ohio 3.2)

Property

5,938 offenses: 1,192 burglaries, 2,921 thefts, 1,779 vehicle thefts (44.0 per 1,000; Ohio 16.9)

Other

2,724 simple assaults, 1,795 vandalism reports, 759 drug offenses, 520 weapons violations

Reporting

12 months of 2024 on file; 134,857 residents served; this department covers the 64% of the ZIP's residents in its territory, the rest fall under others

Trend

violent offenses up 21% from 1,513 in 2023; property down 8% from 6,427

Rates cover the whole agency's territory, not this ZIP alone: a city's downtown and its quiet edges share one number. Murders, rapes and assaults are counted once per victim and other offenses once per incident, as the FBI's Crime Data Explorer does; a large department's figures can still fall somewhat short of the Explorer's, which takes in later submissions, and a sheriff's population is only the unincorporated area it serves.

Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer, NIBRS incident data for Ohio, 2024 (2023 for the trend): Group A offenses per reporting agency (violent = murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault; property = burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson), murders, rapes and assaults counted once per victim; the agency is the police department of the ZIP's largest local government (city, village or township) when it has one of its own, found in the FBI's 2023 and 2024 rosters or the USGS police station inventory, otherwise the sheriff of the ZIP's county; a rate needs at least six months of 2024 on file and is annualized from fewer than 12; the Ohio figures pool the 511 police departments and sheriff's offices with all 12 months on file · FBI Crime Data Explorer · USGS structures service

Police and post office

3 stations within 3 miles, 16 within 8. Inside this ZIP: Riverside Police Department.

Nearest post office: North Dayton Post Office, 0.5 mi; 1 inside this ZIP.

Townships without their own department are policed by the county sheriff, whose office may be at the county seat; the state highway patrol covers the roads. The inventory lists stations, not patrol zones. It also misses some departments and still lists some that have closed; the atlas adds the departments that reported at least six months of 2024 crimes to the FBI but had no station in it, and drops the closed and duplicate records it found.

Source: USGS National Map structures inventory (police stations, post offices), with closed and duplicate records dropped, wrong names corrected and departments it lacks added from OpenStreetMap and the Census Bureau geocoder (September 2026); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · USGS structures service · OpenStreetMap · Census Bureau geocoder

Fire and EMS

9 stations within 3 miles, 44 within 8.

Inside this ZIP: Dayton Fire Department Station 8; Riverside Fire Department Station 5.

Source: USGS National Map structures inventory (fire and EMS stations; most Ohio records last updated 2019 to 2022), Columbus- and Cleveland-area stations checked against the cities' station lists, September 2026. Indiana, Michigan and Pennsylvania stations near the line are included; Kentucky and West Virginia stations across the Ohio River are not. Straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Stations open or close without the inventory always catching up. · USGS structures service · Columbus fire stations · Cleveland fire stations

Public library

4 libraries within 3 miles, 16 within 8.

Open

about 59 hours a week

Building

4,926 square feet

Dayton Metro Library

21 buildings, serves 452K people, 4.4 visits per resident a year, 4.8M items lent, 12,641 programs, $45.4M annual income

Inside this ZIP: E. C. Doren Branch.

Museums: nearest Aviation Hall of Fame, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 1.9 mi away; 27 within 5 miles, 72 within 15 (IMLS 2018 directory: museums, historical societies, gardens and zoos).

Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Public Libraries Survey fiscal 2024 (outlet and system files) and Museum Data Files 2018 (museums); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · IMLS Public Libraries Survey · IMLS Museum Data Files

Grocery access

Distance

66% of residents live more than half a mile from a supermarket, 36% more than 1 mile

Without a car

93% live in a tract flagged for low income and low vehicle access; 18.8% of households have no vehicle (Census ACS 2020 to 2024)

Poverty

26.4% of residents below the poverty line

SNAP stores

1 supermarket or superstore and 1 grocery store inside this ZIP take SNAP, alongside 6 convenience stores, 2 other outlets (dollar, drug and discount stores); nearest supermarket or grocery store Us International Foods (grocery store), 0.4 mi from the ZIP's center, and the nearest supermarket or superstore La Michoacana Mexican Market, 1 mi; 11 supermarkets and grocery stores within 3 miles (USDA, 2026)

SNAP households

30% of households received SNAP benefits in the past year (Census ACS 2020 to 2024)

Setting

100% of residents in urban tracts, across 3 tracts, 2 flagged

A "supermarket" here is a large grocery store, supercenter or club; dollar stores and corner groceries do not count, and stores that opened since 2019 are missing from the distance figures; the SNAP store list is current. Rural distance flags mean a long drive, not necessarily hardship.

Source: USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas: 2019 Large Retailer Access Map (2010 census tracts, 2019 supermarket list; ERS's name for this file since July 2026), tract values weighted into ZIPs by 2020 census block population; SNAP store counts from USDA Food and Nutrition Service retailer locations, 2026; SNAP and no-vehicle households from Census ACS 2020 to 2024 · USDA ERS Large Retailer Access Map · USDA SNAP retailers · Census ACS

History

The history of this area has not been researched yet; the work runs county by county outward from Franklin County.

Source: Local history researched from Wikipedia, the 1880 county histories on archive.org, Ohio History Connection, National Register listings, Ohio historical markers, local historical societies and Wikimedia Commons, one file per municipality and township, loaded on demand; Native American history per county and statewide from the same sources and the nations' own histories · Ohio History Connection · Internet Archive (county histories) · Wikimedia Commons · Remarkable Ohio (historical markers)

Historic places

• Holy Cross Lithuanian Roman Catholic Church (building)
• Sig's General Store (building)
• St. Adalbert Polish Catholic Church (building)

Place names (USGS): 2 named communities (Hooks Corner, Avondale); 1 named lake or reservoir (Island Park Reservoir); 2 islands. Federal maps carry these names; the communities include hamlets and crossroads that never incorporated.

Listing recognizes significance and brings review of federally funded projects; it does not restrict a private owner. Historic districts count once, at their center.

Source: National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places spatial data (point file); listings whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary · National Register data · USGS GNIS

School district

• Dayton City64% of residentsCity school district
• Mad River Local36% of residentsLocal school district

ZIP codes and school districts do not share boundaries, so this ZIP is split between them.

4 public schools inside this ZIP: Brantwood Elementary School (3 stars); Kiser Elementary School (2.5 stars); Mad River Middle School (2.5 stars); Pathway School of Discovery. Nearest to the population center: Pathway School of Discovery, 0.5 mi; 2 within a mile, 30 within 3.

2 private schools inside this ZIP with 359 students in kindergarten through 12th grade (1 religious): Our Lady of the Rosary School (274 students, Catholic); The Greater Dayton School (85 students, nonsectarian) (NCES Private School Survey 2023-24; the survey's student counts, here and per school, exclude prekindergarten).

Enrolled here: 2,270 students attend the 4 public schools inside this ZIP with 2023-24 enrollment on file; 1 of them is a charter school (800 students), 17.5 students per teacher. 72% of the 1,702 students at the 3 schools reporting it qualify for free or reduced-price meals (1 did not report); 1 school use the community eligibility provision, which counts every student. (NCES)

Enrollment: 1,911 residents attend kindergarten through 12th grade, 22% of them at private schools; 504 are in college or graduate school (Census ACS 2020 to 2024).

Money, fiscal 2023: Dayton City took in $300 million, 44% from the state, 34% local and 22% federal, and spent $20,743 per pupil on day-to-day operations for 12,075 students, 50% of it on instruction; capital outlay $31.1 million (Census school finance survey via NCES).

Child poverty: the Census Bureau's 2024 estimate puts 33% of Dayton City's school-age children below the poverty line (7,663 of 23,292 aged 5 to 17; SAIPE).

Source: Ohio school district boundaries (OGRIP, 2014 edition, via ODOT) · 2020 census blocks · public school locations from NCES EDGE, 2024-25 · enrollment and meals from the NCES Common Core of Data 2023-24 · private schools from the NCES Private School Survey 2023-24 · district finances from the Census F-33 survey, fiscal 2023 · child poverty from Census SAIPE 2024 · ODOT GIS · NCES EDGE · NCES Common Core of Data · NCES private schools · Census SAIPE · Census school finances (F-33)

School report card

Components

achievement 2 stars, progress 2 stars, gap closing 1 star, early literacy 1 star, graduation 1 star, college and career readiness 2 stars

Achievement

performance index 50.4% of ODE's maximum score for the year (the average of the top 2% of district scores, not the highest score possible) (score 55.3, 53.3 the year before)

Graduation

68.6% of the class of 2024 graduated in four years; 55.8% of that class (graduates or not) showed college, career, workforce or military readiness

Spending

$14,775 per pupil in 2023-24 against $12,759 statewide

Teachers

average salary $69,085, 11 years of experience, 45.1% with a master's degree, 32.1% in their first years of teaching

Enrollment

12,771 students in 2024-25

Three stars means the district meets state standards, five that it significantly exceeds them, one that it needs significant support. Achievement stars follow family income closely; the progress component (growth from year to year) is the fairer measure of teaching. Charter and private schools are not in the district figures.

Source: Ohio Department of Education and Workforce, 2024-2025 School Report Cards (district overview, achievement, expenditures per pupil and educator files), for the district where most of this ZIP's residents live · Ohio school report cards

Colleges

Sinclair Community College is a public community or technical college with 33,002 students over the 2023-24 year; published tuition and fees $3,435 a year for district residents, $4,569 elsewhere in Ohio, $8,316 out of state; 32% of a 1,648-student entering class graduated (all programs, within 150% of normal time).

15 institutions within 10 miles, 30 within 25.

Next nearest: University of Dayton (3.5 mi).

Universities, community colleges, career schools and private colleges all count; branch campuses appear only where IPEDS lists them separately. Graduation rates follow first-time full-time students for 150% of normal time.

Source: NCES IPEDS 2024 directory, 12-month enrollment 2023-24, tuition and fees 2023-24 and graduation rates for the 2017 entering cohort at four-year institutions and the 2020 cohort at two-year ones; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · NCES IPEDS

Local government

• Dayton (city)64% of residentsCity
• Riverside (city)36% of residentsCity

ZIP codes and municipal and township boundaries do not share boundaries, so this ZIP is split between them.

Source: ODOT municipal corporation and township boundaries · 2020 census blocks · Ohio EPA grants awarded in 2025 (OEPA_Achievements map service) · Auditor of State unauditable entities list · ODOT GIS · Auditor of State · Ohio EPA grants (OEPA_Achievements)

Who represents this ZIP

U.S. Senate: Bernie Moreno (R), Jon Husted (R)

• Mike Turner RU.S. House OH-10Dayton · since 2003 · site
• Willis E. Blackshear Jr. DOhio Senate 6Dayton · since 2024 · site
• Andrea White ROhio House 36 · 79%Kettering · since 2020 · site
• Desiree Tims D 38 · 21%Dayton · since 2024 · site

District lines cut through this ZIP, so more than one member serves its residents; the share is by 2020 population.

Source: ODOT district boundaries · members from the U.S. House, Ohio Senate and Ohio House directories, September 2026 · U.S. House · Ohio Senate · Ohio House · ODOT GIS