ZIP code 44099: Windsor Township and Windsor

Drinking-water compliance

Most homes here are on private wells, which EPA does not regulate or test; a well owner tests on their own.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (Envirofacts, pulled September 2026), violations and lead and copper sampling for the system that serves most of this ZIP · EPA SDWIS (Envirofacts) · EPA ECHO

Byproducts and contaminants

Most homes here are on private wells, which nobody samples for compliance; a well owner tests on their own.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019 (TTHM, HAA5 and coliform from distribution-system samples of the system that serves most of this ZIP; nitrate, arsenic, radionuclides, solvents, herbicides and metals from the entry points of the same system); non-detects counted as zero

PFAS

Most homes here are on private wells, which nobody tests for PFAS unless the owner pays for it.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026) and Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling 2019 to 2021 and its current status map, for the system that serves most of this ZIP; results in nanograms per litre (parts per trillion) · Ohio EPA PFAS

Lead at the tap

Most homes here are on private wells; lead there comes from the house plumbing, and only a lab test of the tap will find it.

Children: this ZIP is not on the Ohio Department of Health's high-risk list for childhood lead testing; children on Medicaid or in pre-1978 housing with peeling paint should still be tested.

Housing age: 34% of the homes here were built before 1960 and 29% before 1940, when lead service lines, lead solder and lead paint were common; 57% predate 1980 (Census ACS 2020 to 2024).

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System lead and copper 90th-percentile results (Envirofacts) and EPA's service line inventory dashboard (2026 Q2), for the system that serves most of this ZIP · ODH childhood lead testing · ODH high-risk ZIP list (CCBH PDF) · Ohio EPA lead and copper · H2Ohio

Fluoride and treatment

Most homes here are on private wells: no fluoride is added, and any treatment is the household softener or filter.

The health department counts 88.7% of Ashtabula County residents on community water as receiving fluoridated water.

Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride, fluoridation status of each system as reported by the Ohio Department of Health; EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System treatment table for the system serving most of this ZIP; EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring, 2012 to 2019; Ohio Department of Health fluoridation report (DataOhio) for the county share · EPA SDWIS search

Algal toxins

Most homes here are on private wells, which algal blooms do not reach.

Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring (HAB data and map, DrinkingWater/HAB service, fetched 2026-09-09), total microcystins by ELISA in raw and treated water, for the system that serves most of this ZIP · Ohio EPA HAB information for public water systems

Groundwater

Under the surface

till over sand and gravel, part of the Pymatuning Thin Upland Aquifer (thin upland setting); wells there yield 5 - 25 gallons a minute, deposits 25 - 100 ft thick

Bedrock

Cuyahoga Group, yielding 5 - 25 gpm to a well

Setting

Interbedded Sandstone and Shale; water table 50-75 ft down, 4-7 in/yr recharge, clay loam soil (hydrogeologic setting 7Aa); pesticide index 111

Well logs

495 drilled wells on file (195.8 per 1,000 residents), median 90 ft deep, 12 gallons a minute median test yield, water 25 ft down

Aquifers

88% of wells in bedrock, 12% in sand, gravel and other unconsolidated material; typical well drilled 2001, 269 since 2000; uses: Domestic 441, Agric/Irrig 16

Geology

76% of the ZIP is a sensitive geologic setting, where thin or sandy cover leaves the aquifer open to what soaks in from the surface (Ohio EPA and ODNR Geological Survey)

Injection wells

6 Class V injection wells on Ohio EPA's books inside this ZIP (6 active): 6 large septic; these put fluids underground above or into drinking water aquifers

Water table

GE-22 monitoring well (USGS), 16.1 mi away: water 13.5 ft below ground on 2026-09-08; averaged 13 ft in 2015 to 2019 and 13.1 ft over the latest year, about the same; range 11.9 to 14.1 ft over 4,248 readings since 2015

Nitrate risk

EPA researchers put the chance that a public water system in the Phelps Creek subwatershed exceeds the nitrate limit at 23% if it draws on groundwater and 27% if it draws on rivers or lakes, judged from land use, geology and past results (EnviroAtlas nitrate violation index; the typical Ohio subwatershed scores 23% for groundwater and 39% for surface water)

Quality monitoring

Ohio EPA's nearest ambient groundwater monitoring well is Middlefield Wellfield (Geauga County), 6.9 mi away: 104 ft deep in sand and gravel (Cuyahoga Buried Vly aquifer); wells there yield 25 to 100 gallons a minute; sampled on the standard cycle. 3 active wells within 15 mi

Vulnerability rates how easily a spill at the surface reaches the aquifer, not whether anything has. Well logs include abandoned and replaced wells, so counts overstate wells in use; a private well owner is the only one who tests it.

Source: ODNR Division of Geological Survey, Groundwater Vulnerability (DRASTIC) map (polygon at the ZIP's population-weighted center), karst feature inventory, and the Ohio water well log database (logs inside the ZIP boundary) · ODNR Geological Survey · Ohio EPA GIS services · USGS water data

Aquifer exposure

Karst

no karst-prone bedrock under the population center; no mapped sinkhole inside the ZIP

Wellhead protection

less than half a percent of this ZIP lies inside any public water system's five-year wellhead protection area

Vulnerability index

DRASTIC 89 (ODNR; higher means a spill at the surface reaches the aquifer more easily)

Sensitive settings are outwash plains, buried valleys, karst and shallow bedrock, mapped statewide by Ohio EPA for siting decisions. Exposure is not contamination: it says how quickly a spill, a failing tank or heavy manure would reach the water table, not whether one has.

Source: Ohio EPA Sensitive Geologic Settings and karst geology layers (geology/Geology), ODNR Geological Survey karst and spring points, Ohio EPA source water protection areas (DrinkingWater/SWAP); shares by ZIP boundary overlay, karst by a point query at the population-weighted center · Ohio EPA geology layers · Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP) · ODNR Geological Survey

Sewage treatment

Size

0.52 million gallons a day design flow

Compliance

10 of the last 12 quarters with a violation; currently in violation (not significant); 40 effluent limit exceedances in 3 years

Other discharge permits: 2 facilities inside this ZIP other than sewage plants hold a Clean Water Act permit (factories, water plants, quarries, package plants, storm water); 2 facility-quarters with a violation in the last three years; largest: Windsor Township Trustees (0.0023 MGD).

Sewage sludge: 1 farm field covering 7 acres inside this ZIP is permitted for spreading treated biosolids, mostly from Collinwood Bioenergy (7 acres) (Ohio EPA). Biosolids carry nutrients and, increasingly under scrutiny, PFAS.

Sludge source: nearest Tim Frank Septic Tank Cleaning Co., 3.8 mi away; 5 within 10 miles (Ohio EPA).

State water loans: no Ohio EPA revolving-fund project inside this ZIP; the nearest is Trumbull Wetlands (Ohio Valley Conservation Coalition, 2012, $1.9 million), 3.9 mi away.

Sewer planning: 86% of it is assigned to Ashtabula County as the designated sewage management agency under Ohio's Clean Water Act section 208 plan (generic prescriptions); 14% has no designated agency, which usually means septic systems. The 208 plan decides who may build and extend sewers.

Stormwater: this ZIP lies outside Ohio EPA's regulated MS4 areas, so its storm drains and ditches carry runoff without a municipal stormwater permit. 1 site with an address in this ZIP holds its own industrial stormwater permit (Jd Hardwoods Recycling) (EPA Facility Finder).

Where a home's sewage actually goes depends on the sewer district, and rural homes are on septic systems the county health department permits; the nearest plant is a proxy. Violations range from paperwork to raw discharges.

Source: EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), Clean Water Act NPDES facilities with a POTW component in Ohio; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Compliance data lag about a quarter.; other Clean Water Act permit holders inside the ZIP from the same service · EPA ECHO · EPA CSO inventory · Ohio EPA GIS services · EPA Facility Finder

Stream health

Uses failing

aquatic life 100% of the land, recreation (bacteria) 100%, fish consumption 100%

Causes listed

bacteria (pathogens) (100%), unknown cause (100%), other (100%)

Cleanup plans

100% of the land is under a TMDL pollution budget

Watersheds here: Hoskins Creek (not supporting); Phelps Creek (not supporting).

Fish advisories (Ohio EPA): Steelhead trout from Lake Erie or any of its tributaries: one meal a month (PCBs). Statewide, every other fish is one meal a week because of mercury.

Nearest stream assessment (Ohio EPA): Phelps Creek @ U.S. Rt. 322 on the Phelps Creek, 0.8 mi away, draining 24 square miles: full attainment of its coldwater use; fish IBI 36 of 60 (2007); bugs rated exceptional; habitat QHEI 73.5 of 100. 5 assessed sites inside the ZIP, 6 within 3 miles, 40 within 10. Scores above about 40 (IBI), 36 (ICI) and 60 (QHEI) mean a healthy warmwater stream.

Stream designations (Ohio EPA water quality standards): 20.6 miles of designated streams cross this ZIP: 16.6 mi coldwater habitat, 4 mi warmwater habitat. Nearest specially protected stream: the Grand river (state route 322 (RM 67.08) to U.S. route 20 (RM 5.67)), 3.6 mi away, an Outstanding State Water. Exceptional and coldwater streams are the state's healthiest; modified and limited-resource waters are channelized or ditched.

Proposed for 2026: Ohio EPA's pending water quality standards rewrite would add 15 miles of stream in this ZIP to the antidegradation tiers: the Phelps Creek as Outstanding State Water; the Indian Creek as Outstanding State Water. Listing raises the bar for any new or expanded discharge.

PFAS in the river (Ohio EPA large river survey): at Grand R. @ Cork Cold Spring Rd., 14 mi away, the water carried 73.525 ng/L of total PFAS (PFOA 3.1, PFOS 2.95 ng/L); fish fillets held 21.1 ng/g in catfish. Drinking water limits are 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS; river water is not drinking water, but treatment plants that draw from it start from these numbers.

Farm chemicals (USGS estimate, 2018): farms in Ashtabula County used about 68 metric tons of pesticide active ingredient, 96 kg per square mile, 62nd of Ohio's 88 counties. Largest: glyphosate 35 t, metolachlor 6 t, atrazine 5 t, acetochlor 4 t, glufosinate 2 t. Atrazine, the corn herbicide, is the pesticide that most often shows up in Ohio tap water after spring rains; this county used 5 t of it.

Farms (2022 Census of Agriculture): 1,034 farms work 134,274 acres of Ashtabula County, with 17.5% of its land in cropland, 130 acres to a farm. 10,743 cattle, 916 hogs, 7,238 laying hens, 1,382 broilers, 194 turkeys; 17,877 acres of corn and 31,945 of soybeans. Sales $81 million, 32% from animals and animal products. Manure and fertilizer from farms like these carry the phosphorus and nitrogen behind Ohio's algae and nitrate problems; withheld figures protect individual farms.

A watershed unit fails when any sampled stream in it fails; ditches in flat farm country fail on habitat and nutrients, city creeks on bacteria and sediment. Ohio's own report is at epa.ohio.gov; the EPA link on each unit's report page has the sampling detail.

Source: EPA ATTAINS (Ohio EPA 2024 Integrated Report), watershed assessment units overlaid on the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection; shares are of the ZIP's land area · EPA ATTAINS · Ohio integrated report · Ohio sport fish advisory · Ohio EPA advisory map

Watershed

• Grand100% of residentsDrains to Lake Erie

H2Ohio: nearest project Ashcroft Woods Scali Preserve, inland flow-through wetland, funded 2021, completed, 5.1 mi away: This project restored a wet meadow complex to serve as a buffer and phosphorus sink, filtering nutrients from 270-acres of adjacent land. This project improves ...; 0 within 5 miles, 4 within 15. H2Ohio pays for wetlands, farm practices and lead line work to cut the nutrients behind Lake Erie's algae.

Watershed grants: nearest "Orwell Water Recirculation Project" by Village of Orwell (stormwater management, Section 319), 5.3 mi away; 1 within 10 miles (Ohio EPA project lists: Section 319 and GLRI through fiscal 2023, SWIF through 2017).

Road salt: nearest went to Middlefield Township (equipment, 2026-2027), 6 mi away; 1 in Ashtabula County. H2Ohio pays for brine makers, calibrated spreaders and covered salt barns so less chloride reaches streams and wells.

Lake level: Lake Erie at Fairport Harbor, 21.8 mi from this ZIP's center, stood at 572.4 ft above sea level (IGLD 1985) in July 2026, 0.1 ft below the 1991 to 2020 average for that month; the last 12 months averaged 571.4 ft. The record monthly high was 574.6 ft in June 2019, when high water ate at bluffs and flooded marinas; the low since 1990 was 570.1 ft in February 2011 (NOAA).

The population center sits in the Phelps Creek subwatershed; its water runs on through Mill Creek-Grand River, then Plumb Creek-Grand River, then Badger Run-Three Brothers Creek.

In 2015 Ashtabula County drew about 215 million gallons a day of fresh water (USGS): 7.2 million for public supply (7% from wells, 82,500 people served at 52 gallons a person a day at home), 180.8 million for power plant cooling, 20.6 million for industry, 0.1 million for irrigation; 16,100 residents drew their own well water.

EnviroAtlas, Phelps Creek: no land in the Conservation Reserve Program; 768 acres of grain crops; 83 miles of streams (2.8 per square mile); water use of 214 thousand gallons a day for homes; 42.3 inches of rain and snow a year; 11 kg of nitrogen per hectare falling from the air each year; farm nitrogen of 1.9 kg per hectare a year as manure and 11.7 kg as synthetic fertilizer; 2% of the farmland sits on drained hydric soils; potentially restorable wetlands on farmland cover 7% of the subwatershed; 1.6% of the land is paved or roofed; 73% of the stream banks keep natural cover (EPA EnviroAtlas national metrics, 2010s vintages).

Stream permits: 59% of this ZIP drains to streams Ohio EPA rates high quality, where a project that fills, pipes or crosses a stream needs an individual Ohio EPA 401 water quality review; 48% drains toward high-quality waters farther down and might qualify for the Army Corps' blanket nationwide permits after a field screening (Ohio EPA 401 nationwide permit eligibility map).

Source: USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (HUC-8 subbasins by resident share, HUC-12 subwatershed at the population center) · 2020 census blocks · USGS watershed boundaries · EPA EnviroAtlas · Ohio EPA 401 map · USGS county water use 2015 · ODNR H2Ohio projects · ODNR Lake Erie Coastal Management Area · Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP) · Ohio EPA nine-element plans · Ohio EPA 319, GLRI and SWIF project lists · Ohio EPA chloride reduction grants · NOAA Lake Erie water levels

Homes and income

Household income

$92,895 median

Income spread

8% of households earn under $25,000 a year, 46% $100,000 or more and 7.1% $200,000 or more

Owner-occupied

92% of 448 occupied homes; 57% of owners carry a mortgage

Typical home built

1977

Value spread

17% of owner-occupied homes are worth under $100,000 and 9.8% $500,000 or more; income per person $26,417 a year

Moved in

the typical owner moved in in 2008, the typical renter in 2014

Median age

27.0 years

Commute

37 minutes each way on average, 37% of commuters travel 45 minutes or more, 7% work from home

Housing stock

88% single-family detached, 1.1% mobile homes; 18% of homes are crowded (more than one person a room)

Vacancy

21% of 565 housing units are vacant: 6.2% held for seasonal or occasional use, 15% other, such as homes held off the market, in probate or abandoned

Owner costs

37% of owners with a mortgage and 7% of owners without one spend 30% or more of income on housing

Fair market rent

$1,110 a month for a two-bedroom (one-bedroom $910, three-bedroom $1,400): HUD's fiscal 2026 small-area fair market rent, the benchmark for housing vouchers in the Ashtabula County metro area

Tax returns

1,000 returns for 2022 averaging $59,820 of adjusted gross income; 25% reported under $25,000 and 3% reported $200,000 or more; 6% claimed the earned income credit and 22% were filed by people 60 or older (IRS)

Subsidized housing

no public housing, tax-credit or HUD-assisted multifamily property inside this ZIP

Banks

no bank branch inside this ZIP; the nearest, The Farmers National Bank of Canfield, is 5.5 mi from its center (FDIC); no credit union branch (NCUA)

Strain

39.1% of households have no vehicle; the median owner with a mortgage spends 23.2% of income on housing costs

Five-year survey averages centered on 2022; small ZIPs carry wide margins of error, and owner-estimated values run below sale prices in a rising market.

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020 to 2024 five-year estimates by ZIP Code Tabulation Area; Eviction Lab (Princeton) tract estimates 2016 to 2018, weighted to the ZIP; HUD fiscal 2026 Small Area Fair Market Rents; IRS Statistics of Income ZIP data, tax year 2022; Mapping Inequality (University of Richmond), HOLC maps 1935 to 1940; HUD eGIS open data for subsidized housing; FDIC BankFind branch locations; NCUA credit union branch list, March 2026 · Census ACS · Eviction Lab · HUD data · IRS ZIP statistics · Mapping Inequality · HUD eGIS open data · FDIC BankFind · NCUA call report data

Houses and neighborhoods

Homes

405 one-family houses, 6 two-family houses, 1 three-family house, 17 manufactured homes; also 33 other residential parcels

Lot

median 3.75 acres (condominiums left out)

The atlas has only the parcel list here so far: 429 homes with address, land-use class, lot size and, where the county's upload carries one, a link to each parcel's page at the county auditor, from OGRIP's Ohio Statewide Parcels (Ashtabula County; upload of May 30, 2023). Year built, size, values and sales come from each county auditor's own appraisal records, which are being added county by county outward from Franklin County. The Ashtabula County Auditor keeps each parcel's full record.

Show neighborhoods and houses

The houses load when you search, pick a filter or press the button (the pack for this part of the state, a few megabytes). Zoomed in on the map, each house of this ZIP draws as a dot that follows the search and filters.

Source: OGRIP Ohio Statewide Parcels, Ohio Department of Administrative Services (Ashtabula County, upload of May 30, 2023; Geauga County, upload of Jul 28, 2023); residential parcels placed in ZIPs by the atlas; owner names are not carried · Allen County Auditor · Ashland County Auditor · Auglaize County Auditor · Butler County Auditor · Champaign County Auditor · Clark County Auditor · Clinton County Auditor · Coshocton County Auditor · Crawford County Auditor · Fairfield County Auditor · Fayette County Auditor · Franklin County Auditor · Greene County Auditor · Guernsey County Auditor · Hardin County Auditor · Highland County Auditor · Hocking County Auditor · Holmes County Auditor · Jackson County Auditor · Knox County Auditor · Licking County Auditor · Logan County Auditor · Lorain County Auditor · Madison County Auditor · Marion County Auditor · Miami County Auditor · Montgomery County Auditor · Morrow County Auditor · Muskingum County Auditor · Perry County Auditor · Pickaway County Auditor · Richland County Auditor · Ross County Auditor · Stark County Auditor · Tuscarawas County Auditor · Union County Auditor · Wyandot County Auditor · OGRIP Ohio Statewide Parcels · Athens County subdivisions, town plats and additions (Athens County Auditor GIS) · Cincinnati Community Council Boundaries · Cincinnati Statistical Neighborhood Approximations (SNA), 2020 · Clark County recorded subdivision plats · Clermont County recorded subdivision plats · Cleveland Heights neighborhoods · Cleveland Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs) / neighborhoods · Columbus Communities · Columbus Community Planning Areas · Coshocton County subdivisions (recorded plats and town additions) · Dayton neighborhoods · Dublin Civic Associations · Franklin County recorded subdivision and condominium plats · Hamilton (Ohio) 17Strong neighborhoods · Lima neighborhood associations · Logan County subdivision and condominium plats · Madison County subdivisions (recorded plats) · Morgan County subdivision, addition and town plats · Muskingum County subdivision plats · Perry County subdivisions and town additions (recorded plat names on the county engineer's parcels) · Richland County subdivisions and condominiums (recorded plats, county GIS) · Sandusky neighborhoods · Stark County recorded allotment (subdivision) and condominium plats · Toledo neighborhood associations · Union County subdivision plats

Building permits

Mix

1,154 single-family houses, 0 units in buildings of five or more, 235 in duplexes and small buildings

Value

$275.3 million of construction at the value declared on the permits

By year

2016: 92, 2017: 102, 2018: 114, 2019: 138, 2020: 149, 2021: 168, 2022: 161, 2023: 150, 2024: 155, 2025: 160, 2026 through July: 90

Caveat

6 of the ten years had fewer than 12 months reported by the permit office; the Census Bureau estimates the missing months, so those counts are partly or wholly imputed

Survey counts are permits issued, not houses finished, and cover new residential construction only: additions, remodels, garages and commercial buildings are not in the survey. Values are the applicants' estimates. Where a city runs the building department for its township neighbours, the city's figure covers them too.

Source: Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2016 to 2025 (new privately owned residential units authorized), for the permit-issuing jurisdiction where most of this ZIP's residents live · Census building permits

Home prices

Five years

+24% from 2016 to 2021

Last year

+14% in 2021

Since 2000

prices stand at 1.2 times their 2000 level

Series

tracked since 1993; the index stops at 2021 because there were too few transactions after that

Zillow's typical home value here is $312K (2026-07), up 7% over the year, up 43% over five years and up 109% over ten.

On the market (Realtor.com, August 2026): 1 active listing, 0 new this month; listings spend a median 11 days on the market; 0% of listings have cut their price. Realtor.com flags this ZIP's figures this month as low quality (1 active listing), so no asking price is shown.

The index follows the same houses through repeat sales and refinance appraisals on conforming mortgages, so it measures price change rather than the price level (the Homes card has the median value). Consumer prices rose about 21% from 2011 to 2021, so a gain under 21% is a loss in real terms.

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index, annual five-digit ZIP all-transactions series (repeat sales and refinance appraisals of conforming-mortgage homes, developmental, not seasonally adjusted), latest release; Zillow Home Value Index (mid-tier, smoothed, seasonally adjusted) and Zillow Observed Rent Index by ZIP, Zillow Research · FHFA house price index · Zillow research data · Realtor.com data

Local taxes

Grand Valley Local 85% of residents

21.4 effective mills (42.2 gross); $1,499 a year on a $200,000 home. Operating 17.0, improvements 1.4, inside millage 3.0.

Cardinal Local 15% of residents

21.3 effective mills (57.6 gross); $1,488 a year on a $200,000 home. Operating 16.8, improvements 0.5, inside millage 4.0.

Municipal income tax

None: this is unincorporated township territory (Windsor Township, Huntsburg Township, Hartsgrove Township).

School district income tax

Grand Valley Local none (85% of residents), Cardinal Local none (15% of residents). About a third of Ohio districts levy one.

Sales tax

6.75% combined rate in Ashtabula County: Ohio's 5.75% plus county and transit levies; this ZIP straddles counties or transit districts, so the rate depends on the address.

A mill is $1 per $1,000 of taxable value, and taxable value is 35% of market value. Effective rates fall as values rise because Ohio holds most voted levies to the dollars first approved. County, municipal or township, library, park and vocational-school levies are added on the same bill and are not counted here.

Source: Ohio Department of Taxation, Aggregate Property Tax Rates by School District, tax year 2025 (composite DTE 515); weighted by the share of this ZIP's residents in each district; The Finder rate tables for municipal, school district and sales taxes, September 2026 · Ohio tax data series · The Finder

Who delivers the electricity

• The Illuminating Company investor-owned100% of residentsFirstEnergy Corp.

The Illuminating Company outages, 2024: the average customer lost power for 1,918 minutes (150 minutes leaving out major storm days), about 1.8 interruptions a year.

The Illuminating Company standard service offer price, 2024: 16.76 cents per kWh, about $103 a month for the average home, for the 131,370 residential customers who have not chosen a supplier; the other 544,728 pay The Illuminating Company 7.81 cents per kWh for delivery plus their supplier's price (EIA-861).

The Illuminating Company solar and meters, 2024: 2,609 customers run net-metered solar (31.7 MW, 2,458 of them homes); 39% of its 775,816 meters are two-way smart (AMI) meters, 4% drive-by automated reads (EIA-861).

Energy burden: households here spend an average 2.7% of income on electricity, gas and other fuels (about $2,264 a year against $84,209 of income); the 34% of households below 80% of the area median income spend 6.4%, and 16% of households fall in groups averaging 6% or more, the usual line for a high burden (DOE LEAD Tool, 2022 update, built from 2018 to 2022 survey data).

Source: PUCO certified territories via ODOT · HIFLD retail service territories (EIA Form 861) · 2020 census blocks · outage statistics from EIA-861 Reliability, 2024 with 2023 where a utility skipped a year (SAIDI and SAIFI, IEEE 1366) · residential prices from EIA-861 Sales to Ultimate Customers, net metering and advanced meters from the EIA-861 files of the same years · DOE LEAD Tool 2022 household energy burden by tract, apportioned into ZIPs by block population · PUCO electricity · ODOT territories service · EIA-861 · DOE LEAD Tool · HIFLD retail service territories

Natural gas here

13% of the 448 homes here heat with utility gas, so gas mains reach little of this ZIP.

Utility gas 13%Electricity 13%Propane or LP 13%Oil, wood, other 61%

• Enbridge Gas Ohio regulated utility100% of residents, main companyEnbridge Inc.

Territories overlap here: Northeast Ohio Natural Gas Corporation also maps service in this ZIP.

Pipes under the street: Enbridge Gas Ohio reported 19,922 miles of distribution main to PHMSA for 2025, 43% plastic and 17.8% cast iron or bare steel (the leak-prone materials); 4,023 hazardous leaks repaired in 2025.

PUCO lists 5 companies operating in Ashtabula County: Enbridge Gas Ohio, Eastern Natural Gas Company, Knox Energy Cooperative Association, Inc., Northeast Ohio Natural Gas Corporation, Village Energy Cooperative Association, Inc..

Source: PUCO gas distribution companies by county, April 2026 · federal (EIA) territory polygons, 2016 · Census ACS 2020 to 2024 heating fuel · PUCO natural gas · HIFLD

Power plants

Nearest plant of any size: Geneva, 17.6 mi (biomass, 4 MW).

0 plants within 10 miles totalling 0 MW.

Nuclear: Perry Nuclear Power Plant (1,240 MW) is 19.7 miles away, inside its 50-mile ingestion pathway zone, where crops, milk and water would be checked after an accident.

Capacity is net summer capacity in megawatts (EIA), not output; a solar farm's 200 MW runs a quarter of the hours a gas plant's would. Small peaking engines and landfill-gas units count as plants.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Form 860 plant inventory via HIFLD (February 2025); USGS U.S. Wind Turbine Database and U.S. Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database; NRC emergency planning zones around Perry and Davis-Besse (residents inside the roughly 10-mile zone counted by 2020 census block); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · EIA-860 · HIFLD · USGS wind turbines · USGS solar · NRC emergency planning zones

Gas transmission pipelines

0.3 miles of transmission pipe cross this ZIP: Columbia Gas Trans Co 0.3 mi.

Transmission lines run at hundreds of pounds of pressure and are inspected under federal rules; the distribution mains that actually feed homes are a separate, denser network not shown here. By mileage in this EIA layer Ohio's map is dominated by Columbia Gas Transmission and East Ohio Gas's intrastate lines; Texas Eastern and the Rover and Nexus lines built for Utica shale gas are among the other large interstate systems.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Natural Gas Interstate and Intrastate Pipelines layer (data last updated July 2025, pulled September 2026), via the ArcGIS Online copy maintained by Esri's Federal User Community; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center; lengths clipped to the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection · EIA U.S. Energy Atlas · ArcGIS Online item

Incumbent telephone company

• Consolidated Communications CCI72% of residentsIndependent local companies
• Windstream Western Reserve28% of residentsWindstream

ZIP codes and exchange areas do not share boundaries, so this ZIP is split between them.

Source: PUCO incumbent local exchange carrier service areas · 2020 census blocks · PUCO telephone

Internet

Served, 100/20 Mbps or better 49%Underserved, 25/3 to 100/20 32%Unserved, under 25/3 19%

Fiber reaches 0% of locations, cable 39%; a year earlier 56% were served.

Of 448 households, 36% subscribe to cable, fiber or DSL, 10% rely on a cellular plan only, and 42% have no internet at home.

Measured by Ookla speed tests, April to June 2025: typical fixed download 14 Mbps, upload 1.6 Mbps, 40 ms latency, across 331 tests from up to 13 devices in 10 map tiles.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection, June 2024 (availability) · Census ACS 2020 to 2024 (subscriptions) · Ookla Open Data, fixed-network speed tests by tile, 2025 Q2 (measured speeds) · FCC broadband map · Ookla open data · Census ACS

Cell signal

• AT&T4G 95% · 5G 51%
• T-Mobile4G 95% · 5G 77%
• Verizon4G 100% · 5G 52%

Registered towers: 1 antenna structure registered with the FCC inside this ZIP and 1 within 3 miles of its center; the tallest inside is a 196-foot lattice tower. Only structures over 200 feet or near airports must register, so most cell sites on short poles, water towers and rooftops are not counted.

Measured mobile speeds (Ookla speed tests, April to June 2026): typical download 55.3 Mbps, upload 1.8 Mbps, latency 62 ms over 18 tests from up to 4 devices in 4 map tiles.

Coverage as the carriers report it to the FCC for outdoor use at a stationary spot, by land area rather than by residents; indoor signal and rural hollows can be worse.

Source: FCC Mobile Broadband Data Collection via Esri Living Atlas (layer last updated November 2025, i.e. the June 30, 2025 filing round), carrier-reported outdoor coverage by hexagon, summed over the ZIP's land; FCC Antenna Structure Registration database, September 2026; Ookla open data mobile tiles, 2026 Q2 · FCC broadband map · FCC antenna registration · Ookla open data

EV charging

No public station inside this ZIP; the nearest of any kind is Morgan Swamp Preserve, 7.7 mi. 0 stations within 5 miles of the ZIP's population center, 0 with DC fast charging.

Level 2 adds roughly 20 to 30 miles of range an hour; DC fast charging fills most cars in under an hour. Listings are operator-reported and lag new openings and closures.

Source: NREL Alternative Fuels Data Center via the U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics (public, open electric stations, the posts at one site merged, restricted-access sites excluded), and chargers in neighbouring states near the border; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center; station list as of May 29, 2026 · Alternative Fuels Data Center · BTS Alternative Fueling Stations (NTAD)

Public transit

0 stops inside this ZIP; the nearest stop is 15.5 mi from the population center.

Only fixed-route systems that publish a GTFS feed appear; dial-a-ride and demand-response services do not, and a handful of small fixed-route systems publish no feed at all. The nearest stop may be across the state line, and the out-of-state set may be incomplete. Half a mile is roughly a ten-minute walk.

Source: USDOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transit Map stops (National Transportation Atlas Database, 2025 vintage, fetched September 2026), plus the Springfield, Lancaster-Fairfield, Knox County Transit, WayGo and BGSU Shuttle GTFS feeds; share of 2020 census block population within half a mile of a stop · BTS National Transit Map · BTS transportation atlas · Springfield City Area Transit GTFS feed · Lancaster-Fairfield Public Transit GTFS feed · Knox County Transit GTFS feed · WayGo GTFS feed · BGSU Shuttle GTFS feed

Walkability

Street grid

1 intersections per square mile, long blocks and country roads

Transit

no stop within three-quarters of a mile in the EPA's 2020 transit file

Mix of uses

employment mix 0.49 and mix of homes and job types 0.29 on the EPA's 0 to 1 scales, where 1 is the most varied

Car-free households

39.1% of households have no vehicle (Census ACS 2020 to 2024)

The index scores every block group on intersection density, distance to transit and how mixed its jobs and homes are, then ranks them against the whole country. It measures the street pattern, not sidewalks, safety or hills.

Source: EPA National Walkability Index (Smart Location Database 3.0, 2021) by census block group, population-weighted to the ZIP through 2020 census blocks; car-free households from Census ACS 2020 to 2024 table B25044 (the Homes card), or, where that is missing, the Smart Location Database's own 2014 to 2018 share weighted by households · EPA walkability index · Smart Location Database · Census ACS

Rail crossings

Ashtabula County has logged 8 rail accidents since 2010, 5 of them derailments (FRA Form 54). Yard mishaps at walking speed dominate; main-line derailments are the rare, dangerous ones.

Train counts and speeds are the railroad's last inventory update. Crossings with only crossbucks rely on the driver; Ohio has averaged about 77 crossing collisions a year from 2010 to 2025 (FRA Form 57), between 64 and 87 in a year.

Source: Federal Railroad Administration, Grade Crossing Inventory (Form 71, current records); crossings whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary, closed crossings excluded; nearest crossing measured from the population-weighted center. Collisions are FRA Form 57 crossing incidents since 2010, placed by crossing id through the inventory's coordinates; train accidents are FRA Form 54 rail equipment accidents since 2010, placed by their own reported coordinates, counted one per incident rather than one per report (county totals from the same file). All three pulled from data.transportation.gov, September 2026 · FRA crossing inventory (Form 71, current) · FRA crossing incidents (Form 57) · FRA rail equipment accidents (Form 54) · FRA safety data · DOT open data

Bridges

Age

typical bridge built 1973, 2 built before 1950; oldest 1900, Covered Bridge Ln over Phelps Creek

Busiest

US 322 over Phelps Creek, 3,621 vehicles a day (2015 count)

Owners

county 5, state 3

Rated poor

USR 322 over Phelps Crk 1.59 Mi E 528 (1955, 3,445 a day)

Ratings come from the inspection every bridge gets at least every two years; poor means deterioration that needs repair, not imminent danger. FHWA's file is a yearly snapshot with inspections through early 2025, so a bridge replaced, re-rated or closed since then still shows its old rating here; ODOT's TIMS bridge inventory carries the current one. Traffic figures are the average daily counts the bridge owners filed with the inventory; most Ohio counts date from 2015 and some are older. County engineers own most of Ohio's small bridges and ODOT the big ones.

Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Bridge Inventory 2025 (Ohio file); structures whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary; condition from NBI items 58, 59, 60 and 62 (deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert) · FHWA bridge inventory · ODOT TIMS bridge inventory (live)

Traffic

Trucks

296 a day on US 322, 8% of its traffic

Driving

about 40K vehicle-miles a day on the 25 counted segments inside the ZIP; the typical segment carries 1,295 vehicles

Busiest local road

county road 9, 1,295 vehicles a day

Annual average daily traffic is both directions combined, averaged over the year. County, township and city roads are labelled by their route number, which ODOT uses instead of the street name. Most city streets have no count, so the busiest local road is the busiest counted one. Interchange ramps are left out of the busiest-road pick; a ZIP with nothing but ramps shows one labelled ramp and its ODOT number.

Road deaths: 3 people died in 2 crashes inside this ZIP in 2020 to 2024 (2 motorcyclists); 1 involved a drinking driver and 1 happened in the dark. Too few people live here for a per-resident rate to mean much; deaths are counted where the crash happened, and many who die on through roads live elsewhere. (NHTSA FARS)

Source: ODOT traffic count segments, 2025 annual average daily traffic (ODOT TIMS); segments assigned to the ZIP holding their midpoint; NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System 2020 to 2024, crashes placed by their coordinates · ODOT TIMS traffic count segments · NHTSA FARS

Airports and trains

Nearest airfield

Geauga County (7G8), Middlefield, 8 mi, public use

Amtrak

Cleveland station, 37.4 mi

Ohio's Amtrak stops are on the Floridian (Amtrak has temporarily combined the Capitol Limited with the Silver Star), the Lake Shore Limited and the Cardinal, all overnight trains; Cincinnati's only calls three times a week. Amtrak's Thruway bus stops, Dayton-Trotwood among them, are not counted as stations here. Airline service at Toledo and Rickenbacker is limited to a few routes; Youngstown-Warren has had no airline flights since 2018.

Source: FAA airport facilities and Amtrak stations via USDOT BTS National Transportation Atlas; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · BTS transportation atlas

Radon in this ZIP

13% of tests at or above EPA's 4 pCi/L action level · median 2.3 · highest 5.8

A ZIP average says nothing about one house; readings next door can differ tenfold. Test yours, and fix it at 4 pCi/L or more.

Source: odh.ohio.gov radon levels by ZIP code, tests since 2010, before mitigation · ODH radon program

Flood zones

3.1% of the ZIP's land is in that floodplain. Zones mapped here: AE, A.

Design storms (NOAA Atlas 14): a 100-year storm here drops 5.4 inches in 24 hours (2.6 in a single hour, 4.0 in six); a 2-year storm 2.5, 10-year 3.6, 25-year 4.3, 500-year 7.0 inches in 24 hours. Storm sewers, culverts and detention ponds are sized from these numbers, and a "100-year" storm has a 1% chance every year.

Nearest river gauge: Mosquito Creek near Greene Center OH, 12.5 mi away, draining 19 square miles. Record flow 1,750 cubic feet a second at a stage of 13.11 ft on 2019-07-20; the highest since 2016 was 1,750 on 2019-07-20 (USGS, 12 annual peaks, 2013 to 2025).

No federal flood insurance policy is in force in this ZIP.

Community status: Ashtabula County's unincorporated areas take part in the National Flood Insurance Program; flood map effective 08/28/19.

Lenders require flood insurance on mortgaged homes in the 1% zone (zones A and AE). Block centers understate narrow floodplains in rural areas, so check the FEMA map for a specific address.

Source: FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer (effective flood insurance rate maps, levee centerlines) · 2020 census block centers · ZIP land area by polygon overlay, open water excluded; NOAA Atlas 14 precipitation frequency at the ZIP center; USGS NWIS annual peak flows; OpenFEMA NFIP policies in force by reported ZIP as of September 2026, NFIP redacted claims and the Community Status Book · FEMA flood hazard layer · FEMA Map Service Center · OpenFEMA · NOAA Atlas 14 · USGS stream gauges

Natural hazard risk

• Strong wind87
• Winter weather86

FEMA's expected annual loss here from all hazards: $426,933 a year in buildings, crops and lives.

The index blends how often a hazard strikes, what it would cost, and how vulnerable and resilient the community is. Inland flooding (rivers and heavy rain) scores 49, tornado 65, winter weather 86.

Source: FEMA National Risk Index, census tracts, December 2025 release, weighted to this ZIP by 2020 block population · FEMA National Risk Index · NRI census tract layer (ArcGIS)

Climate

Temperature

48.0°F average; typical January low 17°, July high 81°

Hot and cold days

6 days a year reach 90°F; 142 nights fall below freezing, 8 below 0°F; 48 days never climb above freezing

Rain and snow

47.1 inches of precipitation on 103 days with a tenth of an inch or more; 114 inches of snow on 34 days with an inch or more, snow on the ground 82 days

Degree days

6,677 heating, 513 cooling (base 65°F): the higher the heating number, the bigger the winter gas bill

Drought (U.S. Drought Monitor): since 2020 Ashtabula County has spent 14 weeks in moderate drought or worse, and 63 weeks at least abnormally dry. The worst since 2000 was severe drought in 2001/09; 3% of all weeks since 2000 were in drought. As of 2026-09-01: no drought.

Long run (NOAA, Ashtabula County): the average year ran 49.6 °F over 1996 to 2025 against 46.6 °F over 1901 to 1930, 3.0 °F warmer (2.2 °F warmer than 1951 to 1980); the warmest year on record was 2024 at 52.7 °F, and 2025 came in at 49.3 °F. Precipitation averaged 43.3 inches a year lately against 39.4 a century ago, 10% more; the wettest year was 2011 with 62.4 inches, and 2025 brought 39.6. More rain in bigger bursts is what strains storm sewers and septic fields.

Stations: Chardon (11.6 mi, temperature and snowfall; 18 years of snowfall record); Montville 1.2 SSE (5 mi, precipitation). Normals are thirty-year averages, so a single winter can run far above or below them; NOAA marks this snowfall normal provisional because the station record is too short or too patchy for a standard normal, and the temperature and precipitation figures here skip stations with under 10 years.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 (annual/seasonal and monthly); nearest reporting station to the ZIP's population-weighted center for each element; U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics · NOAA climate normals · NOAA climate at a glance · U.S. Drought Monitor

Air quality

Worst days

98th-percentile day 18.7 µg/m³ (24-hour standard 35)

Ozone

69 ppb, 4th-highest daily 8-hour reading at Notre Dame, 14.4 mi away (standard 70)

Ashtabula County AQI, 2025

199 good days, 43 moderate, 3 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse of the 245 days indexed; peak 122, median 43

Ashtabula County AQI, 2026 so far

58 good days, 3 moderate and 0 unhealthy for sensitive groups or worse in the 61 days indexed through April 30; peak 77 (Ozone)

Air toxics

20 in a million lifetime cancer risk from outdoor air toxics across Ashtabula County (EPA AirToxScreen 2020), mostly formaldehyde (14) and carbon tetrachloride (3)

Permitted sources

no permitted air source operates inside this ZIP; nearest major source Avery Dennison Pff, Bldg 3 in Painesville, 16.1 mi (EPA ECHO)

Air standards

Ashtabula County is a maintenance area for ozone (2008) (Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH, redesignated 2017), fine particulate (1997) (Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH, redesignated 2013), meaning it once failed that standard and must keep a plan to stay clean (EPA Green Book)

Ohio has 38 PM2.5 monitors, mostly in cities and near industry, so a rural ZIP borrows a reading from far away. 2025 includes Canadian wildfire smoke days. Air-toxics risk is EPA's modelled lifetime estimate for the county as a whole; EPA's national average is about 30 in a million, and formaldehyde, with the globally mixed carbon tetrachloride background and acetaldehyde, makes up most of it.

Source: EPA Air Quality System, 2025 annual summary files (monitor annual concentrations, county AQI) and the 2026 daily county AQI file; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center to the nearest monitor · EPA air data files · EPA AirToxScreen · EPA Green Book · EPA ECHO

Toxic and Superfund sites

0 facilities have reported toxic chemical releases or transfers to EPA's inventory from inside this ZIP, and 0 sites appear in the Superfund program's list (most assessed and never listed).

8 EPA-registered facilities of all kinds in this ZIP: 0 brownfield sites in the cleanup program, 1 hazardous-waste handler, 0 with air permits, 2 with water discharge permits.

Solid waste: no licensed solid waste facility inside this ZIP; nearest Green Vision Materials - Middlefield Site (compost site), 8.5 mi from the center; 0 within 5 miles of the center (Ohio EPA licences, 2026). Compost sites and transfer stations are where most of a county's trash and yard waste actually goes.

Hazardous waste (EPA ECHO): no active hazardous waste handler inside this ZIP; nearest treatment, storage or disposal facility: The Lubrizol Corporation in Painesville, 19.7 mi. Handlers include every business that generates hazardous waste, from body shops to chemical plants.

Underground tanks: no underground storage tanks in use, 3 closed over the years; 3 leaking-tank releases on record, all closed out, 1 inside a drinking-water source protection area (EPA UST Finder, Ohio records as of 2018-2019).

Drop-off sites: the nearest scrap tire drop-off is Wholesale Tire Co, Warren, 23 mi away; the nearest household battery drop-off is The Home Depot, Chardon, 13.3 mi away (1 within 15 mi) (Ohio EPA).

The inventory covers larger manufacturers and federal facilities that use listed chemicals; reporting means use or release, not a measured hazard to neighbours. Superfund status: on, proposed for, or deleted from the list after cleanup.

Source: EPA Facility Registry Service, Superfund (SEMS and NPL) sites and Toxics Release Inventory reporters, points inside the ZIP boundary; distance from the ZIP's population-weighted center · EPA Facility Registry · EPA Superfund sites · Ohio EPA cleanup sites · EPA UST Finder · EPA ECHO

Toxic releases

No facility inside this ZIP files a Toxics Release Inventory report. Only plants in listed industries with 10 or more workers that handle a listed chemical above its threshold must file, so small shops and most businesses never appear.

Source: EPA Toxics Release Inventory, basic data files for Ohio, reporting years 2020 to 2024 (2024 shown); facilities placed by their coordinates; dioxin rows reported in grams are left out of the pound totals · EPA TRI data files

Dams

Nearest high-hazard dam: Camp Whitewood Lake Dam, 1.3 mi, condition fair (recreation, 20 ft high, 97 acre-feet, built 1967, on Tributary To Phelps Creek, private owned).

Inside this ZIP: 2 dams, 2 high-hazard, 1 rated poor: Camp Whitewood Lake Dam (high hazard, condition fair); Naji Lake Dam (high hazard, condition poor).

"High hazard" describes what a failure would do downstream, not the dam's shape; Ohio rates more than a third of its inventoried dams in poor condition, mostly small private lake dams. Emergency action plans are required for high-hazard dams.

Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Inventory of Dams (August 2026 release); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Condition assessments come from Ohio's dam safety program. · National Inventory of Dams

Disasters on record

Strongest nearby: F2 on 1967-07-24, 16.4 mi track (2 injured).

18 federal declarations for Ashtabula County since Ohio's first in 1956 (11 major disasters): flood 4, severe storm 3, snowstorm 3. Latest: Covid-19 Pandemic (2020).

47 earthquakes of magnitude 2 or more within 25 miles since 1970, the largest M5 4 km NNW of Chardon, Ohio in 1986.

Warnings since 2015 (National Weather Service, Ashtabula County): 14 tornado warnings (2018: 3, 2019: 1, 2020: 1, 2021: 2, 2022: 1, 2023: 3, 2024: 2, 2026: 1), 182 severe thunderstorm warnings, 14 flash flood warnings, 13 flood warnings and 74 flood advisories, 22 winter storm or blizzard warnings, 15 heat warnings or advisories, 6 extreme cold or wind chill warnings, 6 snow squall warnings; 1,141 products in all.

Mitigation grants (FEMA): 1 hazard mitigation project in Ashtabula County since 2003, worth $32,754 ($24,500 federal); mostly mitigation planning. Largest: mitigation planning for Ashtabula (County), $32,754 (fiscal 2003).

Disaster aid to households: 3 households in this ZIP registered with FEMA after 2 declared disasters; 1 were approved for $1,850 of housing and other-needs help. Registrations by event: severe storms, straight line winds and flooding (2006): 2; COVID-19 pandemic (2020): 1.

87 severe weather reports for Ashtabula County since 2016 in NOAA's Storm Events log: 73 damaging thunderstorm wind, 6 hail, 5 flash floods, 2 river and street flooding. Largest hail 1.25 in (Jun 21, 2021); strongest measured gust 73 mph (Mar 25, 2023); about $17.4 million in reported damage, the costliest being river and street flooding on Feb 1, 2020 ($10.0M). Zone-wide advisories add 26 lake-effect snow, 15 winter storms, 4 high wind.

Tornado tracks are straight lines from touchdown to lift-off; a near miss counts, a direct hit is not distinguished. Declarations include the 2020 COVID-19 emergency for every county; the latest, declared 2 May 2024 (DR-4777), covers the 14 March 2024 tornadoes in eleven counties, Indian Lake among them.

Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database 1950-2025; OpenFEMA disaster declarations summaries; USGS earthquake catalog (M2+, 1970 to date); NOAA Storm Events database 2016 to 2026 by county. Distances from the ZIP's population-weighted center. · NOAA SPC tornado data · OpenFEMA · USGS earthquakes · NOAA storm events · IEM warning archive

Spills and releases

What spilled

other chemicals (1)

Reached water

1 of them reached a creek, river, ditch or storm drain (named or unnamed)

By year

2021: 0, 2022: 0, 2023: 0, 2024: 1, 2025: 0, 2026: 0

Anyone who spills more than a reportable quantity must call Ohio EPA within 30 minutes, so the log mixes a few gallons of diesel on a highway shoulder with real releases; the reported volume is the caller's first estimate. Every report in Ohio EPA's open-data layer carries coordinates; air-pollution complaints and calls where nothing was found are left out of this count.

Source: Ohio EPA Emergency Response spill reports (Spills2 open data), reports with coordinates inside the ZIP boundary, 2021 to date · Ohio EPA spills data · Ohio EPA Office of Emergency Response

Oil and gas wells

Status

87 producing, 17 plugged or abandoned, the rest drilled but idle, gas storage, orphan, expired permits or unknown

Injection

6 Class II injection wells (brine and wastewater go down these; plugged injection wells are counted under plugged)

Operators

Diversified Production Llc (50 producing), Busted Knuckle Oil & Gas Llc (8 producing)

Ohio has drilled since 1860, so most wells here are old, shallow and plugged; unplugged orphans and injection wells are the ones that matter for groundwater. Well-head points can be a few hundred feet off for the oldest records.

Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management, public well inventory (well-head points); counts inside the ZIP boundary and within 1 mile of the ZIP's population-weighted center · ODNR oil and gas · ODNR GIS services

Abandoned mines

Undermined land can subside and old workings can discharge acid mine water; ODNR's Abandoned Mine Land program funds repairs, and mine-subsidence insurance is included automatically in 26 eastern counties and offered as an option in 11 more. Maps drawn before 1977 are incomplete, so "none" means none mapped.

Quarries, pits and working mines: nearest Sypniewski (clay, sand & gravel, Sypniewski, Joseph N., 597 tons sold), 7.7 mi away in Ashtabula County; 0 within 3 miles, 2 within 10 (ODNR Industrial Minerals Locations, 2015, which includes surface and underground coal mines).

Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Mines of Ohio (abandoned underground mine maps, coal and industrial minerals, pre-1977), overlaid on the ZIP boundary in an equal-area projection · ODNR mines of Ohio · ODNR Geological Survey

Soils and septic

Soil

Mill silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; Mill makes up 85% of the unit, 1% slope

Water

poorly drained; hydric (formed under saturated conditions); flooding none, ponding frequent

Septic

Very limited for a leach field under Ohio's rule

Basements

Very limited for dwellings with basements

Farmland

Prime farmland if drained

Elevation

1,040 feet above sea level at the ZIP's population center; Ohio runs from 455 feet where the Ohio River leaves the state to 1,549 feet at Campbell Hill

One point stands for the ZIP; soils change field by field, and a site evaluation is what the health department goes by. "Very limited" means the standard design will not work, not that nothing will.

Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, SSURGO soil survey via Soil Data Access; the map unit at the ZIP's population-weighted center and its dominant component's interpretations; Copernicus GLO-90 elevation model (via Open-Meteo) at that center · USDA Soil Data Access · Web Soil Survey · Open-Meteo elevation

Parks and public land

Huntsburg Park

local park, 109 acres inside the ZIP

Shalon Lake

private recreation land, 63 acres inside the ZIP

Nearest state park: Punderson State Park, 12.9 mi.

Protected land: 1.2% of this ZIP (172 acres) is in the USGS Protected Areas Database inventory of fee-owned parks, preserves and recreation land (public agencies, land trusts, and private clubs, camps and utility land, as their owners report it): 109 acres local, 63 acres private. Largest: Huntsburg Park (city), 109 acres; Shalon Lake (private owner), 63 acres. 1% of the ZIP is protected land open to the public.

Trails: no built named trail crosses this ZIP; nearest is the Western Reserve Greenway, 6.5 mi from the ZIP's center (ODNR statewide trails inventory).

Open access as reported by each owner; local inventories vary, so a golf course or school field can be listed and a new park missed.

State lands nearby (ODNR facility layers): nearest boat ramp: Boat Ramp at Punderson State Park, 13.5 mi (0 within 5 miles); fishing access: Fishing Access at Mosquito Lake State Park, 15.8 mi (0 within 5 miles); swim area: Boat Swim Area at West Branch State Park, 28.2 mi (0 within 5 miles); campground: Campground/Campsite at Punderson State Park, 13.4 mi (0 within 5 miles).

Lake Erie and tributary access: nearest river access site Grand River State Wildlife Area on Grand River (ODNR Wildlife), 5.5 mi away; 0 within 5 miles, 21 within 15. Nearest swimming beach: Lake Erie Bluffs on Lake Erie, 19.8 mi. (ODNR coastal access inventory)

Source: USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States 4.1 (open-access fee, designation and easement polygons), overlaid on the ZIP boundary; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center to the nearest ODNR state park · USGS PAD-US · ODNR GIS services

Wetlands

2,368 acres forested/shrub wetland, 141 acres pond, 75 acres emergent wetland. Largest single wetland: 365 acres of freshwater forested/shrub wetland.

Vernal pools: 23 potential high-quality vernal pools covering 28.4 acres lie inside this ZIP (Ohio EPA screening): seasonal woodland pools that dry by summer, hold no fish, and are where salamanders and fairy shrimp breed.

High-quality wetlands: nearest is Rome SNP (Ohio DNR), 279 acres, 5 mi away; 8 within 10 miles.

Mitigation sites: nearest Pine Brook, 3.2 mi away (a mitigation bank); 6 within 10 miles. These are wetlands and streams built or restored to replace ones filled under Clean Water Act permits.

Assessed wetland: nearest Grand River Lowlands F, a mitigation wetland, 4.4 mi away: no ORAM score, plant community index 54 of 100 (surveyed 2004); 27 within 10 miles. Category 3 wetlands are the state's best and hardest to fill; category 1 are degraded.

On the old maps: USGS topographic maps marked 124 acres of marsh and swamp here, 0.9% of the ZIP (Ohio EPA's digitized topo-map wetlands).

Mapped from aerial photography, mostly 2004 to 2007 (the Lake Erie watersheds were re-mapped from 2021 imagery, a few areas date from 1976 to 2005 or 2014 to 2023), so small and seasonal wetlands are undercounted and ponds dug or filled since then are missing; a site delineation decides whether a lot is jurisdictional. Emergent means marsh, forested and shrub means swamp.

Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory (Ohio geodatabase), freshwater wetland and pond polygons clipped to the ZIP boundary; lakes and river channels excluded, imagery mostly 2004 to 2007 (Lake Erie basin 2021) · USFWS wetlands inventory · Ohio EPA GIS services

Land cover

Developed

6.5%: 2% low (houses on larger lots), 4.3% open space (lawns, parks, golf courses, road verges)

Farmland

28%: 8.7% row crops, 19% pasture and hay

Crops 2025

of 1,335 cropped acres, 39% soybeans, 30% corn, 3% wheat and small grains, 14% hay and alfalfa, 13% vegetables, orchards, fallow and other crops; 3,273 acres of pasture and grass (USDA Cropland Data Layer)

Forest

49%, plus 1.2% grass and shrub

Water and wetland

0.4% open water, 15% wetland

Paved and roofed

1% of the ZIP's surface is impervious; rain that lands there runs straight to a storm drain or stream instead of soaking in

Tree canopy

44% of the ZIP sits under tree canopy

Area

22.6 square miles of land

Land cover is classified from Landsat imagery at 30 metre pixels, so a house on a wooded lot can read as forest and a farm lane as open space. Stream health starts to slip once about 10% of a watershed is impervious, and is usually poor above 25%.

Source: National Land Cover Database 2021 (USGS and the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium): land cover, percent impervious surface and tree canopy at 30 m, summarised over the ZIP boundary · NLCD · USDA Cropland Data Layer · ODNR pre-settlement vegetation

People

Education

26.7% of adults 25+ hold a bachelor's degree or higher, 13.2% a graduate degree; 58.8% stopped at high school or earlier

Ages

38.6% under 18, 8.2% 65 or older

Race and origin

99.7% white, 0% Black, 0% Hispanic or Latino, 0% Asian, 0.3% other or two or more races

Born abroad

0% of residents

Veterans

4.4% of adults

Households

3.9 people per household on average; 11% of households are one person living alone, 80% married couples

Who lives here

57% of households include children, 27% someone 65 or over and 3.1% are a senior living alone; of people 15 and over, 63% are married, 29% never married, 4% divorced and 4% widowed

Poverty

13.8% of residents live below the poverty line, 16.6% of children and 22.8% of people 65 and over; the Gini index of income inequality is 0.33 (0 would mean every household earns the same, 1 that one household earns everything). County-wide, the Census Bureau's 2024 estimate is 15.2% (22.1% of children) with a median household income of $60,480 (SAIPE)

Ancestry

most often reported: German 31%, Pennsylvania German 24%, English 9%

Movers

1.1% of residents lived somewhere else a year earlier

Language

11.8% of households speak limited English; 1.6% speak Spanish at home

Moving

2,835 people moved into Ashtabula County between the returns they filed in 2022 and 2023 and 2,660 moved out (net +175, 74,325 stayed put); most arrivals came from Lake, OH (628), Geauga, OH (235), Trumbull, OH (221); most leavers went to Lake, OH (630), Trumbull, OH (246), Geauga, OH (196) (IRS)

Metro or rural

USDA rural-urban continuum code 1 of 9 for Ashtabula County: metro - counties in metro areas of 1 million population or more

Nonprofits

4 tax-exempt organizations registered to addresses in this ZIP; 100% are 501(c)(3) charities; largest: Ohio State University ($467,000), Cleveland Council Of Independent Schools ($74,000), Draft Horse Project ($57,000) (IRS)

County growth

Ashtabula County went from 97,571 people in April 2020 to 96,713 in July 2025 (-0.9%): 4,950 births, 6,857 deaths and a net +1,172 from migration since 2020; in 2025 alone a net 276 moved in from elsewhere in the U.S. and 31 arrived from abroad (Census estimates)

Since 1900

First counted in 1820 with 7,382 people and 28,767 by 1850, Ashtabula County counted 51,448 people in 1900, 78,695 in 1950, 98,237 in 1970, 102,681 in 2000 and 97,571 in 2020; it peaked at 104,215 in 1980 (1.9 times its 1900 size, decennial censuses)

Commuting area: USDA classes this ZIP as a metropolitan fringe with light commuting to the core (rural-urban commuting area code 3 of 10, 2020 edition).

Race shares follow the Census categories, with Hispanic origin counted separately from race. Five-year averages centered on 2022. Moves count people on tax returns whose address changed county, so students and the very poor are undercounted.

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020 to 2024 five-year estimates by ZIP Code Tabulation Area (tables B15003, B03002, B05002, B21001, B01001, B25010, B11001, B17001, B19083, B04006, B07003, C16002, B05006, B11005, B11007, B12001); county population estimates, vintage 2025; IRS exempt organization master file; USDA rural-urban continuum codes 2023; USDA ERS rural-urban commuting area codes 2020; 2020 Census PL 94-171 redistricting file, group quarters (table P5); IRS Statistics of Income county migration, returns filed in 2022 and 2023; Census SAIPE 2024 county poverty and median income; decennial county counts from the Census Bureau report Population of States and Counties of the United States 1790 to 1990 · Census ACS · Census population estimates · IRS migration data · USDA ERS county codes · USDA ERS commuting area codes · 2020 Census redistricting data · Census SAIPE · IRS exempt organizations

Jobs and commuting

Largest employers by sector: Construction 90, Wholesale 24, Agriculture 22. 58% of local jobs pay over $3,333 a month, and 53% of residents' jobs do.

Businesses: 31 establishments with 114 employees and $3 million a year in payroll in 2023; most common: construction (14), other services (4), restaurants and hotels (3) (ZIP Business Patterns).

Workplace safety (OSHA): 1 inspection of workplaces in this ZIP since 2020 (1 after complaints); most inspected: Millcreek Construction (1). No worker death investigated since 2015.

County labor market: Ashtabula County's unemployment rate was 3.1% in July 2026 (4.7% a year earlier), with 44,434 people in the labor force and 1,388 looking for work. Employers in the county paid an average of $957 a week in the first quarter of 2026 (up 0.8% on the year) to 28,642 workers at 2,219 establishments, employment up 0.1%; the largest private sectors are manufacturing (6,669 jobs, $1,214 a week), health care and social assistance (5,354 jobs, $1,008 a week), retail (3,199 jobs, $624 a week). (BLS)

Working-age residents: 65.5% of people 16 and over here are in the labor force, and 2.0% of the civilian labor force was unemployed, averaged over 2020 to 2024 (Census ACS). Residents' most common occupations: construction 16%, management and business 14%, production 14%; 28% are self-employed and 7% work for a government.

Federal money: in fiscal 2025 the federal government obligated $8 million in contracts performed in Ashtabula County ($81 a resident) and $103 million in grants ($1,055 a resident), plus $714,000 in loan guarantees and loans and $659 million in direct payments to people and organizations (USAspending; Social Security, Medicare and most benefits are not counted).

County economy: Ashtabula County produced $3.4 billion of real GDP in 2024 (2017 dollars, up 7.9% since 2019); personal income came to $53,259 a person in 2024, 56th of Ohio's 88 counties and up 35% since 2019 before inflation (BEA).

County type (USDA ERS, 2015 codes): Ashtabula County is a nonmetro county with a manufacturing-dependent economy, with none of the ERS distress flags.

How they get there: 41.1% drive alone, 35.8% carpool, 0% transit, 6.3% walk, 0% bike, 7.4% work from home (ACS).

Where residents work: 3% inside this ZIP; 16% in Middlefield (44062), 10% in Chardon (44024), 8% in Orwell (44076) (shares of the 682 residents with an Ohio workplace).

Unemployment-insurance records tie each job to a workplace and a home address; large employers sometimes report every worker at a headquarters, which inflates a few ZIPs. Self-employment, the military, the Postal Service, most farm work and a large part of federal civilian employment are missing (federal jobs come from OPM records that omit several agencies and, in practice, most of Wright-Patterson).

Source: Census Bureau LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES 8), 2023, all jobs; populated census blocks assigned to ZIP Code Tabulation Areas by interior point, workplace-only blocks by the majority ZCTA of their block group or tract; Census ZIP Code Business Patterns 2023; OSHA enforcement data via the Labor Department open data catalog; BLS county unemployment (LAUS) and wages (QCEW); Census ACS 2020 to 2024 labor force by ZIP Code Tabulation Area (B23025); USAspending federal awards by county, fiscal 2025; BEA county GDP and personal income · Census LEHD · BLS local unemployment · BLS QCEW · BEA county GDP · USAspending · OSHA enforcement data · Census ZIP Business Patterns · Census ACS · USDA ERS county typology · CDFI Fund Opportunity Zones

Upward mobility

No Opportunity Atlas estimate covers enough of this ZIP (tracts redrawn since 2010, or too few children).

Source: Opportunity Atlas tract outcomes (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones and Porter, 2018; Census Bureau and IRS data for children born 1978 to 1983), population-weighted to ZIPs through 2020 census blocks · Opportunity Atlas · Opportunity Insights data

Social vulnerability

Socioeconomic status

72nd percentile: poverty, unemployment, housing cost burden, no high school diploma, no health insurance

Household characteristics

39th: people 65 and over or 17 and under, disability, single-parent households, limited English

Racial and ethnic minority status

2nd

Housing and transportation

83rd: multi-unit and mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, group quarters

The index ranks tracts on how much help their residents would need in a disaster or disease outbreak, using American Community Survey 2018 to 2022 figures. Ranks are within Ohio; a ZIP is the average of its tracts weighted by residents.

Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022, census tracts ranked among Ohio tracts, population-weighted to the ZIP through 2020 census blocks · CDC/ATSDR SVI

Community health

Weight and activity

obesity 45.4%, no leisure-time physical activity 37.2%

Chronic conditions

diabetes 14.5%, high blood pressure 36.9%, COPD 12.7%, cancer (any but non-melanoma skin cancer) 7.1%

Habits

current smoking 26.0%, binge drinking 17.1%, short sleep 40.3%

Mind

depression 31.9%, frequent mental distress 24.1%, feeling lonely 40.5%

Access

uninsured under 65 14.0%, yearly checkup 73.5%, dental visit 44.5%

Hardship

any disability 39.2%, food insecurity 26.0%

Heart and lungs

current asthma 12.6%, coronary heart disease 8.5%, stroke 4.3%, arthritis 29.1%

Keeping up

74.6% of adults with high blood pressure take medicine for it, 76.3% had a cholesterol check in 5 years

Social needs

housing insecurity 17.5%, no reliable transportation 13.3%, utility shut-off threat 13.0%, lacking emotional support 25.3%

Provider shortage

85% live in an area HRSA designates a primary care shortage area for its low-income residents (score 15 of 25); 85% live in an area HRSA designates a dental shortage area for its low-income residents (score 17 of 26); 85% live in an area HRSA designates a mental health shortage area for its low-income residents (score 17 of 25) (HRSA; higher scores mean greater need)

Coverage (Census)

38.7% of residents have no health insurance (46.8% of children); 17% are on Medicaid and 23% have coverage through an employer

Disability (Census)

7.4% of residents report a disability, 28% of those 65 and over

County (County Health Rankings 2025): Ashtabula County sits in health group 6 of 10 among U.S. counties for population health (1 is healthiest) and group 6 for community conditions. Premature death 10,961 (Ohio 9,740) years of life lost before 75 per 100,000; one primary care doctor for every 3,476 people (Ohio 1,328), one mental health provider for every 419 people (Ohio 286), one dentist for every 2,853 people (Ohio 1,535); preventable hospital stays 3,828 (Ohio 3,033) per 100,000 Medicare enrollees; injury deaths 105.0 (Ohio 100.7) and suicides 18.1 (Ohio 14.7) per 100,000; infant deaths 7.0 (Ohio 7.0) per 1,000 births; teen births 21.6 (Ohio 17.4) per 1,000 girls 15 to 19; children in poverty 27.9 (Ohio 17.5) percent; fine-particle air pollution 7.5 (Ohio 7.8) micrograms per cubic metre; no community water system in the county had a health-based drinking water violation in 2023. Drug overdoses: 23 deaths in the 12 months ending December 2025 (23 a year earlier, 48 at the highest since 2020, in the 12 months ending April 2021), about 23.7 per 100,000 residents against 20.8 statewide (CDC provisional counts).

Cancer (NCI State Cancer Profiles): Ashtabula County records 467.7 new cancers a year per 100,000 people, age-adjusted, for 2018 to 2022 (Ohio 472.9, U.S. 448.6), about 644 cases a year, with the rate stable; cancer deaths 170.1 per 100,000 (Ohio 160.3, U.S. 145.4), falling. By site, per 100,000 (Ohio in parentheses): lung 68.8 (63.6), colorectal 35.3 (38.4), female breast 110.5 (133), prostate 107.2 (120.8), bladder 23.1 (21.8), leukemia 12.3 (13).

Medicare: 25,128 people in Ashtabula County were on Medicare in 2025 (26% of residents): 21,685 aged 65 or over and 3,443 younger people with disabilities. 53% chose a Medicare Advantage plan, 19% also had Medicaid and 84% had Part D drug coverage; enrollment is up 6% since 2020 (CMS).

Modelled from a national telephone survey and the ZIP's demographics, so these are estimates of what residents would report, not counts of patients; small ZIPs carry wide margins.

Source: CDC PLACES, 2025 release (BRFSS 2023 and 2022, ACS 2019-2023), model-based ZCTA estimates of crude adult prevalence; County Health Rankings 2025 and CDC provisional overdose counts for the county; HRSA shortage area designations weighted to the ZIP; Census ACS 2020 to 2024 (insurance, disability); CMS Medicare Monthly Enrollment, county, 2025 · CDC PLACES · County Health Rankings · CDC overdose data · NCI cancer profiles · HRSA data

Life expectancy

Ohio's statewide figure for the same years was 77.6; the United States 78.7. Differences of a year or two between neighbouring ZIPs are within the estimates' error; differences of five or more are real and track income, smoking and access to care.

Source: CDC National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (USALEEP), 2010-2015, census tracts weighted by 2020 block population · CDC USALEEP

Nearest hospital

215 beds · Level III trauma center · 0 general or critical-access hospitals within 10 miles, 9 within 25.

Medicare rating: ★★★★☆ · emergency room: yes · typical ER visit 187 minutes door to discharge (Ohio median 155)

Patients' verdict: 75% would definitely recommend it, 77% rated their stay 9 or 10 out of 10 (★★★★☆ patient-experience rating, 1,497 surveys).

Outcomes: 30-day death rates after heart failure 11.5% (about the national rate), heart attack 12% (about the national rate), pneumonia 14.7% (about the national rate), July 2022 to June 2025; the patient-safety composite for serious complications (July 2022 to June 2024) is about the national value (Medicare).

Community health center: nearest Signature Health Painesville Health Center, Painesville, 18.6 mi away; 0 within 3 miles, 0 within 10. These federally funded clinics see anyone and charge on a sliding scale.

Veterans: nearest VA site is Warren VA Clinic, Warren (primary care outpatient clinic), 21.8 mi away; 0 VA sites within 10 miles, 3 within 25.

Providers: 13 active health care providers list a practice address in this ZIP: 1 nurse practitioner or physician assistant, 1 mental health professional, 1 pharmacy, 1 nursing or assisted-living facility (NPPES registry, August 2026).

Dialysis: nearest Center For Dialysis Care At Heather Hill, Chardon, 12.6 mi away, 12 stations, Medicare ★★☆☆☆ (Centers for Dialysis Care); 0 within 5 miles, 1 within 15.

Source: federal HIFLD hospital inventory (via FEMA) with Medicare Care Compare star ratings, emergency-service flags, median emergency department times (measure OP_18b), HCAHPS patient survey results and 30-day death rates and patient-safety composites (Complications and Deaths file; a campus with no record of its own carries its parent hospital's figures, labelled); NPPES NPI registry, August 2026 monthly file, active records by practice ZIP; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center (some listings lag closures and mergers); HRSA health center sites, CMS dialysis facilities (geocoded with the Census geocoder) and the VA facility list · CMS Care Compare data · HIFLD · HRSA data · CMS NPI files

Nursing homes

0 certified homes within 5 miles, 7 within 15.

Medicare rating

★★★★★ overall; inspections ★★★★★; staffing ★★☆☆☆

Beds

76 certified

Ownership

For profit, limited liability company

Penalties

no federal fines or payment denials since 2023 (CMS)

Stars are Medicare's Care Compare ratings; a 1-star home failed inspections or is thinly staffed, and the abuse flag means a citation for harm in the past year or two. Ratings shift every quarter.

Source: Medicare Care Compare nursing home provider and penalties files (CMS), geocoded with the Census Bureau; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · CMS Care Compare data

Crime

Violent

79 offenses: 1 murder, 9 rapes, 4 robberies, 65 aggravated assaults (1.6 per 1,000 residents; Ohio 3.2)

Property

261 offenses: 44 burglaries, 188 thefts, 24 vehicle thefts (5.2 per 1,000; Ohio 16.9)

Other

275 simple assaults, 63 vandalism reports, 73 drug offenses, 11 weapons violations

Reporting

12 months of 2024 on file; 50,671 residents served; about 85% of the ZIP's residents live where the sheriff is the local police

Trend

violent offenses up 39% from 57 in 2023; property down 47% from 491

Rates cover the whole agency's territory, not this ZIP alone: a city's downtown and its quiet edges share one number. Murders, rapes and assaults are counted once per victim and other offenses once per incident, as the FBI's Crime Data Explorer does; a large department's figures can still fall somewhat short of the Explorer's, which takes in later submissions, and a sheriff's population is only the unincorporated area it serves.

Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer, NIBRS incident data for Ohio, 2024 (2023 for the trend): Group A offenses per reporting agency (violent = murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault; property = burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson), murders, rapes and assaults counted once per victim; the agency is the police department of the ZIP's largest local government (city, village or township) when it has one of its own, found in the FBI's 2023 and 2024 rosters or the USGS police station inventory, otherwise the sheriff of the ZIP's county; a rate needs at least six months of 2024 on file and is annualized from fewer than 12; the Ohio figures pool the 511 police departments and sheriff's offices with all 12 months on file · FBI Crime Data Explorer · USGS structures service

Police and post office

0 stations within 3 miles, 2 within 8.

Nearest post office: Windsor Post Office, 2.2 mi; 1 inside this ZIP.

Townships without their own department are policed by the county sheriff, whose office may be at the county seat; the state highway patrol covers the roads. The inventory lists stations, not patrol zones. It also misses some departments and still lists some that have closed; the atlas adds the departments that reported at least six months of 2024 crimes to the FBI but had no station in it, and drops the closed and duplicate records it found.

Source: USGS National Map structures inventory (police stations, post offices), with closed and duplicate records dropped, wrong names corrected and departments it lacks added from OpenStreetMap and the Census Bureau geocoder (September 2026); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · USGS structures service · OpenStreetMap · Census Bureau geocoder

Fire and EMS

1 station within 3 miles, 9 within 8.

Inside this ZIP: Windsor Fire and Rescue.

Source: USGS National Map structures inventory (fire and EMS stations; most Ohio records last updated 2019 to 2022), Columbus- and Cleveland-area stations checked against the cities' station lists, September 2026. Indiana, Michigan and Pennsylvania stations near the line are included; Kentucky and West Virginia stations across the Ohio River are not. Straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center. Stations open or close without the inventory always catching up. · USGS structures service · Columbus fire stations · Cleveland fire stations

Public library

0 libraries within 3 miles, 2 within 8.

Open

about 48 hours a week while open (open 49 of 52 weeks in fiscal 2023)

Building

4,000 square feet

Grand Valley Public Library

1 building, serves 10K people, 1 visit per resident a year, 172K items lent, 1,373 programs, $680K annual income

Museums: 1 inside this ZIP (Windsor Historical Society); nearest Windsor Historical Society, Windsor, 0.7 mi away; 1 within 5 miles, 11 within 15 (IMLS 2018 directory: museums, historical societies, gardens and zoos).

Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Public Libraries Survey fiscal 2024 (outlet and system files) and Museum Data Files 2018 (museums); straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · IMLS Public Libraries Survey · IMLS Museum Data Files

Grocery access

Distance

94% of residents live more than half a mile from a supermarket, 84% more than 1 mile

Without a car

85% live in a tract flagged for low income and low vehicle access; 39.1% of households have no vehicle (Census ACS 2020 to 2024)

Poverty

12.9% of residents below the poverty line

SNAP stores

no supermarket or grocery store inside this ZIP take SNAP, alongside 0 convenience stores; nearest supermarket or grocery store Orwell Save-a-Lot (super store), 5.6 mi from the ZIP's center; 0 supermarkets and grocery stores within 3 miles (USDA, 2026)

Setting

0% of residents in urban tracts, across 2 tracts

A "supermarket" here is a large grocery store, supercenter or club; dollar stores and corner groceries do not count, and stores that opened since 2019 are missing from the distance figures; the SNAP store list is current. Rural distance flags mean a long drive, not necessarily hardship.

Source: USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas: 2019 Large Retailer Access Map (2010 census tracts, 2019 supermarket list; ERS's name for this file since July 2026), tract values weighted into ZIPs by 2020 census block population; SNAP store counts from USDA Food and Nutrition Service retailer locations, 2026; SNAP and no-vehicle households from Census ACS 2020 to 2024 · USDA ERS Large Retailer Access Map · USDA SNAP retailers · Census ACS

History

The history of this area has not been researched yet; the work runs county by county outward from Franklin County.

Source: Local history researched from Wikipedia, the 1880 county histories on archive.org, Ohio History Connection, National Register listings, Ohio historical markers, local historical societies and Wikimedia Commons, one file per municipality and township, loaded on demand; Native American history per county and statewide from the same sources and the nations' own histories · Ohio History Connection · Internet Archive (county histories) · Wikimedia Commons · Remarkable Ohio (historical markers)

Historic places

• Windsor Mills Christ Church Episcopal (building)
• Wiswell Road Covered Bridge (structure)

Place names (USGS): 3 named communities (Stoneville, Windsor Mills, Windsor); 2 named streams end here (South Branch Phelps Creek, North Branch Phelps Creek); 1 named lake or reservoir (Camp Whitewood Lake). Federal maps carry these names; the communities include hamlets and crossroads that never incorporated.

Listing recognizes significance and brings review of federally funded projects; it does not restrict a private owner. Historic districts count once, at their center.

Source: National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places spatial data (point file); listings whose point falls inside the ZIP boundary · National Register data · USGS GNIS

School district

• Grand Valley Local85% of residentsLocal school district
• Cardinal Local15% of residentsLocal school district

ZIP codes and school districts do not share boundaries, so this ZIP is split between them.

0 public schools inside this ZIP. Nearest to the population center: Grand Valley Middle School (3.5 stars), 5.3 mi; 0 within a mile, 0 within 3.

1 private school inside this ZIP with 36 students in kindergarten through 12th grade (1 religious): County Line School (36 students, religious, independent) (NCES Private School Survey 2023-24; the survey's student counts, here and per school, exclude prekindergarten).

Enrollment: 353 residents attend kindergarten through 12th grade, 26% of them at private schools (Census ACS 2020 to 2024).

Money, fiscal 2023: Grand Valley Local took in $16.1 million, 47% from the state, 37% local and 16% federal, and spent $15,552 per pupil on day-to-day operations for 882 students, 54% of it on instruction; capital outlay $0.6 million (Census school finance survey via NCES).

Child poverty: the Census Bureau's 2024 estimate puts 11% of Grand Valley Local's school-age children below the poverty line (246 of 2,177 aged 5 to 17; SAIPE).

Source: Ohio school district boundaries (OGRIP, 2014 edition, via ODOT) · 2020 census blocks · public school locations from NCES EDGE, 2024-25 · enrollment and meals from the NCES Common Core of Data 2023-24 · private schools from the NCES Private School Survey 2023-24 · district finances from the Census F-33 survey, fiscal 2023 · child poverty from Census SAIPE 2024 · ODOT GIS · NCES EDGE · NCES Common Core of Data · NCES private schools · Census SAIPE · Census school finances (F-33)

School report card

Components

achievement 3 stars, progress 3 stars, gap closing 3 stars, early literacy 3 stars, graduation 4 stars, college and career readiness 3 stars

Achievement

performance index 76% of ODE's maximum score for the year (the average of the top 2% of district scores, not the highest score possible) (score 83.5, 78.1 the year before)

Graduation

93.8% of the class of 2024 graduated in four years; 73.8% of that class (graduates or not) showed college, career, workforce or military readiness

Spending

$15,369 per pupil in 2023-24 against $12,759 statewide

Teachers

average salary $68,000, 20 years of experience, 72.8% with a master's degree, 3.2% in their first years of teaching

Enrollment

777 students in 2024-25

Three stars means the district meets state standards, five that it significantly exceeds them, one that it needs significant support. Achievement stars follow family income closely; the progress component (growth from year to year) is the fairer measure of teaching. Charter and private schools are not in the district figures.

Source: Ohio Department of Education and Workforce, 2024-2025 School Report Cards (district overview, achievement, expenditures per pupil and educator files), for the district where most of this ZIP's residents live · Ohio school report cards

Colleges

Kent State University at Geauga is a regional campus of a public university with 3,531 students over the 2023-24 year; published tuition and fees $7,272 a year in state, $16,744 out of state; 25% of a 211-student entering class graduated (six-year bachelor).

1 institution within 10 miles, 11 within 25.

Next nearest: Auburn Career Center (15.7 mi).

Universities, community colleges, career schools and private colleges all count; branch campuses appear only where IPEDS lists them separately. Graduation rates follow first-time full-time students for 150% of normal time.

Source: NCES IPEDS 2024 directory, 12-month enrollment 2023-24, tuition and fees 2023-24 and graduation rates for the 2017 entering cohort at four-year institutions and the 2020 cohort at two-year ones; straight-line miles from the ZIP's population-weighted center · NCES IPEDS

Local government

• Windsor Township, Ashtabula County72% of residentsTownship
• Huntsburg Township, Geauga County15% of residentsTownship
• Hartsgrove Township, Ashtabula County13% of residentsTownship

ZIP codes and municipal and township boundaries do not share boundaries, so this ZIP is split between them.

Source: ODOT municipal corporation and township boundaries · 2020 census blocks · Ohio EPA grants awarded in 2025 (OEPA_Achievements map service) · Auditor of State unauditable entities list · ODOT GIS · Auditor of State · Ohio EPA grants (OEPA_Achievements)

Who represents this ZIP

U.S. Senate: Bernie Moreno (R), Jon Husted (R)

• David Joyce RU.S. House OH-14South Russell · since 2013 · site
• Sandra O'Brien ROhio Senate 32Lenox Township · since 2020 · site
• David Thomas ROhio House 65 · 85%Jefferson · since 2024 · site
• Sarah Fowler Arthur R 99 · 15%Ashtabula · since 2020 · site

District lines cut through this ZIP, so more than one member serves its residents; the share is by 2020 population.

Source: ODOT district boundaries · members from the U.S. House, Ohio Senate and Ohio House directories, September 2026 · U.S. House · Ohio Senate · Ohio House · ODOT GIS