Hartford

How Hartford began

Hartford was laid out in 1824 at the center of Hartford Township, in Licking County's northwestern corner, named for Hartford, Connecticut, home to a share of its early New England settlers. Its post office, however, has always gone by a different name, Croton, so the village is known interchangeably as Hartford and Croton to this day. The village was the scene of Licking County's most notorious pro-slavery riot, in March 1837, when a mob dragged a visiting abolitionist lecturer from the Congregational church's pulpit and paraded another through the streets on a wooden horse. It has been home to the Hartford Fair since 1858, a fair that grew to more than two hundred acres and, after the old county fairgrounds in Newark closed in the early twentieth century, became known as the de facto Licking County Fair, still drawing exhibitors from Licking, Delaware and Knox counties as "the Biggest Little Fair in the World."

Platted 1824.

Where the name comes from

"Hartford was laid out in 1824," Wikipedia records, "named after Hartford, Connecticut, the native home of a share of the early settlers." The village's post office, however, was established under a separate name, Croton, and the two names have been used interchangeably for the same place ever since; no source found explains why the post office took a different name than the village itself.

Before the town

No source found records a Native village, camp, mound or trail specifically inside the platted village of Hartford. The 1881 county history's chapter on Hartford Township states plainly that "there is little or no Indian history connected with the township," noting only that flint arrowheads, stone hatchets and other relics turn up in the area, without any site-specific find tied to the village itself.

Timeline

1. 1818 — Village residents build a log building used both as a schoolhouse and as the township's only public building, where the Congregational church is organized on August 8.
2. 1824 — The village of Hartford is formally laid out at the center of the township.
3. 1830 — The village's first post office is established under the name Croton.
4. March 1837 — A mob drags visiting abolitionist Rev. Mr. R. Robinson from the Congregational church's pulpit and, separately, parades Samuel White on a wooden horse through the village streets, beating resident William Spencer the same day.
5. c. 1850 — Halcyon Academy is incorporated by village and township stockholders, providing secondary education beyond the common schools.
6. 1858 — The Hartford Independent Fair is organized in the village, with agriculture as its focus from the start.

Stories

A Pulpit, a Wooden Horse and a Riot

In March 1837, when word spread that a visiting minister, the Rev. Mr. R. Robinson, would deliver an anti-slavery lecture from the Congregational church's pulpit, a crowd of township men assembled, seized him mid-sermon, and dragged him bodily through Hartford's streets. The same month, learning that the Hon. Samuel White intended a similar lecture, the mob tracked him to a farm outside the village where he was hiding, marched him back to town, forced him to straddle a wooden sawhorse hoisted onto men's shoulders, and paraded him up and down the main street; a dish of lampblack and oil, prepared for blacking his face, was set aside only after White flatly warned that no one would apply it to him while he lived. William Spencer, beaten bloody in the same disturbance, kept shouting "I am an abolitionist" throughout his beating, according to a written account by a former resident who declined to name any of the participants when he set the story down more than forty years later, noting that many of the men involved had long since come to regret it.

The Biggest Little Fair

The Hartford Independent Fair traces its founding to 1858, in a village that would soon be consumed, like the rest of the country, by the Civil War. Over the years the fairgrounds grew to more than two hundred acres. When Licking County's own fairgrounds in Newark closed in the early twentieth century, the Hartford Fair effectively inherited the county's fair tradition, and it continues to draw entries from Licking, Delaware and Knox counties alike under a nickname that has outlasted every one of its early buildings: the Biggest Little Fair in the World.

Photographs

Local history sources: archive.org · en.wikipedia.org · en.wikipedia.org · columbusonthecheap.com · fairsandexpos.com · commons.wikimedia.org · commons.wikimedia.org

Mostly private wells The water here

• Del-co Water Company, Inc.100% of residentsOlentangy River, O'Shaughnessy and Alum Creek reservoirs, plus Knox County wells

Fire and EMS stations (1)

Money issues on the ballot since 2024: 1 of 1 passed.

Ballot issues

Elections for office

Winners in bold. Results from the county board of elections' official canvass unless marked.

Auditor of State record

• No fiscal caution, watch or emergency on the Auditor of State's lists.
• Basic Audit, 2022 to 2023, released 2024-11-19

Source: Ohio EPA eDocument portal (edocpub.epa.ohio.gov), indexed 2026-10-14. Facilities are placed on the map from Ohio EPA's own map layers, EPA's Facility Registry, coordinates written in the filings, or a geocoded street address. A permit filed under a private person's name (most are household septic systems) is counted but never named, placed or linked; licenses for individual workers and open-burning notices are left out entirely.

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