Water system
Milan Village
EPA ID OH2201212 · Erie County · 1,371 people served · owned by a local government
Milan Village buys its water from Erie Co. Perkins District.
The system's record
Also connected to Huron City (Lake Erie), used as a secondary or emergency supply.
- Water bodies
- Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay
- Raw intakes
- Sandusky Bay
Lake Erie - Serves
- 25,793 people · Erie County
- EPA ID
- OH2201411
About this area's water
Did you know
- Milan was built on the site of Petquotting, an abandoned Moravian Indian mission village (1805-1809), before Ebenezer Merry founded the town in 1817.
- The Milan Canal (1839-1868) briefly made the inland village one of the busiest grain-shipping ports on the Great Lakes, before an 1868 flood destroyed its feeder dam and railroads had already bypassed the town, freezing…
- Milan no longer treats a drop of its own drinking water: in September 2017 the village decommissioned its treatment plant and switched to buying finished water from Erie County, which itself buys wholesale from the…
- In 2024 Milan completed the lead service line inventory required nationwide under the updated Lead and Copper Rule.
History6
- 1817Milan founded by Ebenezer Merry on the site of Petquotting, a former Moravian Indian mission village (1805-1809).
- 1833Village incorporated as Milan (originally platted as "Beatty"); construction begins on the Milan Canal to Lake Erie.
- 1839Milan Canal opens to lake navigation on July 4, connecting the village directly to Lake Erie.
- 1847Milan reaches its peak as one of the busiest Great Lakes grain-shipping ports; roughly 60 ships were built in Milan between 1840 and 1867.
- 1868The canal's feeder dam fails in a flood, permanently ending the canal era as railroads had already bypassed the village in the 1850s.
- 2017In September, the Village of Milan elected to purchase treated water from Erie County (Perkins District) rather than operate its own plant, and began decommissioning its water treatment facility.
Treatment & pressure
How it is treated
Milan treats none of its own water. Since September 2017 the village has purchased finished, treated water from the Erie County Water Distribution System (Perkins District), which in turn purchases treated Lake Erie water wholesale from the City of Sandusky's Big Island Water Treatment Plant…
Source: milanohio.gov
Water pressure
No psi figure is published in Milan's CCR or on the village or Erie County sites. The 2024 CCR does note the village's finished water is stored/distributed via a 500,000-gallon…
Source: milanohio.gov
What it costs
We found no published water rate schedule for Milan on the village site, in its municipal code, or in state rate surveys.
Water quality & impurities5
| Contaminant | Level | Limit | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper (90th percentile) 0 of 10 Village of Milan samples above the action level. Source: Village of Milan 2024 CCR. | 0.84 ppm | 1.35 (action… | 2024 |
| Lead (90th percentile) 0 of 10 Village of Milan samples above the action level. | 1.3 ppb | 15 (action… | 2024 |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Range 7.1-53.7 ppb across the year; no violation. | 32.0 ppb | 80 | 2024 |
| Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) Range 12.6-39.3 ppb; no violation. | 22.2 ppb | 60 | 2024 |
| Total Chlorine residual Range 0.8-1.3. Milan's own CCR table prints the unit as "ppb," which is almost certainly a typo for ppm/mg-L given the… | 1.1 ppm | 4 (MRDL) | 2024 |
Source: milanohio.gov
EPA compliance record
Lead at the tap: 90th-percentile result 1.3 ppb in 2025 (action level 15 ppb).
EPA health-based violations since 2015:
- 2018Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) · above the legal limit on average · measured 0.092 MG/L (limit 0.08 MG/L) · returned to compliance
EPA compliance record · Sandusky City (treats the water)
Lead at the tap: 90th-percentile result 5 ppb in 2025 (action level 15 ppb).
EPA record: no health-based violations since 2015.
1 violation of any kind logged since 2020: 1 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).
Supply stress
Per Milan's 2024 CCR, Ohio EPA source-water assessments for both the Sandusky and Huron intakes call the Lake Erie source area susceptible to contamination from municipal sewage treatment plants, industrial wastewater, combined sewer overflows, home sewage discharges, open-water dredge disposal, and spills from commercial…
Source: milanohio.gov
Sourcesverified
Compiled from the utility's own reports and public records, then independently re-checked against primary sources.
Present in 2 ZIP codes
Serves
Main water supplier in 1 ZIP code
- 44846 · Milan Township and Milan39% of residents
Also present in 1 more ZIP code
- 44857 · Norwalk0% of residents
Population-weighted resident shares; a ZIP code can have more than one system on record. Recomputed from each ZIP's own system list, not from the map's cached footprint.
Buys from · Sells to
Milan Village buys its water from Erie Co. Perkins District, which buys from Sandusky City.
No other system is on record buying water from Milan Village.
What the records show about Milan Village
Who runs it
EPA's record describes Milan Village as owned by a local government. It has 743 service connections and serves 1,371 people.
EPA classes it as a community water system, one that serves the same residents all year.
Its office telephone on EPA's record is 419-499-4161.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), water system record.
How the water is treated
Milan Village buys water that Sandusky City treats first, so the steps that count are the seller's. EPA's treatment table registers these steps for Sandusky City: aeration, corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, iron and manganese removal, fluoridation, powdered activated carbon, and sand or media filtration.
The list is what each system registered with EPA for treatment plants EPA still shows as active, and it can lag a plant upgrade.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).
Violations
EPA counts 1 health-based violation for Milan Village since 2015. Health-based means a contaminant above its legal limit or a required treatment step not carried out. It falls into 1 separate problem (one contaminant or rule in one year); the table lists it.
EPA logs no violations of any kind for Milan Village since 2020.
| Year | Contaminant or rule | Kind | Measured | Limit | Status in EPA's record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) | above the legal limit on average | 0.092 mg/L | 0.08 mg/L | returned to compliance |
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) violation records: health-based violations with compliance periods beginning in 2015 or later, all violations from 2020 or later (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).
Lead and copper at the tap
In the sampling period ending December 2025, the 90th-percentile lead result at Milan Village was 1.3 ppb, under both the current 15 ppb action level and the 10 ppb level that applies from 2027.
EPA has 10 sampling periods on file for Milan Village since 2016, the first ending in 2017; no period was above 10 ppb.
Every water system has to inventory its service lines, the pipes from the main to each building. In the inventory Milan Village sent EPA, 731 lines are counted.
| Material | Lines |
|---|---|
| Lead | 1 |
| Galvanized, needing replacement | 22 |
| Unknown material | 247 |
| Not lead | 461 |
| All lines | 731 |
Systems sample taps in the homes most likely to have lead pipes or solder. The 90th-percentile result is the level nine in ten of the sampled homes were at or below. Lead comes mostly from service lines and house plumbing, not the source water, so a low result for the system does not clear an old house.
EPA's dashboard status for this inventory: reported all required service line types.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) lead and copper 90th-percentile results (EPA Envirofacts), sampling periods ending 2016 or later; EPA's service line inventory dashboard, Ohio's 2026 Q2 submission.
PFAS
The water Milan Village buys is treated by Sandusky City, so the results below are Sandusky City's.
EPA's fifth national round of testing (UCMR 5) took 4 samples of the water entering the pipes of Sandusky City in 2024 to 2025 and measured 29 PFAS. No PFAS was detected, PFOA and PFOS (federal limit 4 ng/L each) among them.
Ohio EPA's own statewide sampling tested 1 plant of Sandusky City (latest sample September 2020). Not one of the six PFAS tested (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS) was detected.
Ohio EPA's current sampling status map lists 1 plant of Sandusky City as sampled, most recently June 2026.
PFAS are the 'forever chemicals' from firefighting foam, plating shops and non-stick coatings. Results are for water leaving the plant, not your tap.
Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026); Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling, 2019 to 2021, and its sampling status map.
Disinfection byproducts
Chlorine that disinfects water also reacts with organic matter to form byproducts. Two groups have federal limits: total trihalomethanes (TTHM, 80 µg/L) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5, 60 µg/L), judged on running yearly averages at each sampling site.
For TTHM, the average of Milan Village's samples in 2019, the last year it was sampled, was 55.2 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 85.7 µg/L and the highest single sample was 117 µg/L, from 35 samples taken from 2012 to 2019. A yearly average over 80 is not itself a violation, because compliance is judged site by site.
For HAA5, the average in the last year sampled was 26.2 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 26.2 µg/L and the highest single sample was 45.4 µg/L, from 35 samples.
| Byproduct | Limit | Latest yearly average | Worst yearly average | Highest sample | Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTHM | 80 µg/L | 55.2 µg/L (2019) | 85.7 µg/L | 117 µg/L | 35 |
| HAA5 | 60 µg/L | 26.2 µg/L | 26.2 µg/L | 45.4 µg/L | 35 |
A yearly average of 0 means nothing was detected in that year's samples. EPA's file stops at 2019; Ohio EPA's Drinking Water Watch has newer results.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system samples (non-detects counted as zero).
Nitrate, arsenic and radioactivity
The water Milan Village buys is treated by Sandusky City, so the results below are Sandusky City's.
Nitrate: the highest of 96 samples was 2.04 mg/L (as nitrogen) in 2013; in 2019, the last year sampled, the highest was 1.81 mg/L. No sample was over the limit of 10 mg/L. Nitrate above 10 is unsafe for infants.
Arsenic: the highest of 10 samples was 2.2 µg/L (limit 10); detections averaged 2.2; none over the limit.
| Contaminant | Samples | Highest result | Limit | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate (as nitrogen) | 96 | 2.04 mg/L | 10 mg/L | 0 |
| Arsenic | 10 | 2.2 µg/L | 10 µg/L | 0 |
Measured in finished water: at the plant's entry points and in the distribution system; raw well and intake samples are left out. Non-detects count as zero.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Sandusky City.
Solvents and fuels
The water Milan Village buys is treated by Sandusky City, so the results below are Sandusky City's.
EPA's file holds results for all six solvent and fuel compounds it checked. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were not detected in 8 samples each.
| Compound | Limit | Samples | Detected in | Highest result | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE) | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Vinyl chloride | 2 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
"Not detected" means the lab's result was below what its method can measure, not that the compound is absent. Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Sandusky City.
Farm chemicals and metals
The water Milan Village buys is treated by Sandusky City, so the results below are Sandusky City's.
EPA's file holds results for 8 of the nine herbicides and metals it checked. Detected: atrazine in 1 of 12 samples, highest 0.1 µg/L (limit 3); cadmium in 1 of 10 samples, highest 1.8 µg/L (limit 5); barium in 9 of 9 samples, highest 21.3 µg/L (limit 2,000); thallium in 1 of 13 samples, highest 4.4 µg/L (limit 2, 1 over). Not detected: alachlor in 12 samples, chromium in 10 samples, mercury in 10 samples, selenium in 10 samples.
| Substance | Kind | Limit | Samples | Detected in | Highest result | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atrazine | Farm chemical | 3 µg/L | 12 | 1 of 12 | 0.1 µg/L | 0 |
| Alachlor | Farm chemical | 2 µg/L | 12 | 0 of 12 | not detected | 0 |
| Chromium | Metal | 100 µg/L | 10 | 0 of 10 | not detected | 0 |
| Cadmium | Metal | 5 µg/L | 10 | 1 of 10 | 1.8 µg/L | 0 |
| Barium | Metal | 2,000 µg/L | 9 | 9 of 9 | 21.3 µg/L | 0 |
| Mercury | Metal | 2 µg/L | 10 | 0 of 10 | not detected | 0 |
| Selenium | Metal | 50 µg/L | 10 | 0 of 10 | not detected | 0 |
| Thallium | Metal | 2 µg/L | 13 | 1 of 13 | 4.4 µg/L | 1 |
Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Sandusky City.
Bacteria in the pipes
From 2012 to 2019, 0 of 196 routine total coliform samples taken in the distribution system at Milan Village tested positive (0%); in 2019, the last year on file, 0 of 24 did.
A positive coliform test is a warning sign, not a violation by itself. E. coli is a sign that human or animal waste may have reached the water. Coliform counts are routine samples only; E. coli counts include repeat samples.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system presence/absence tests for total coliform and E. coli.
Fluoride
The Ohio Department of Health's report to the CDC (My Water's Fluoride) says Milan Village buys its water from Huron City, a system that adjusts the fluoride level to the recommended level for preventing tooth decay.
EPA's treatment table lists fluoridation among the steps at Sandusky City, which treats the water Milan Village buys.
Measured fluoride: 0.94 mg/L on average leaving the plants of Sandusky City, which supplies Milan Village, in 2019 (in the range dentists aim for); samples ran from 0.9 to 1.03 mg/L across 10 samples in 2012 to 2019.
The recommended level for preventing tooth decay is 0.7 mg/L; the federal limit is 4 mg/L. The treatment list is what each system registered with EPA and can lag a plant upgrade.
Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride (fluoridation status as reported by the Ohio Department of Health, fetched September 2026); EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table; EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, entry-point fluoride samples.
Lithium
Lithium was not detected in 4 UCMR 5 samples at Sandusky City, which supplies Milan Village, last sampled in 2025 (the method reports from 9 µg/L).
Lithium is not regulated. EPA's draft health reference level is 10 µg/L, and it occurs naturally in deep groundwater, so well systems in the northwest run highest.
Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026), samples from 2023 to 2025.
Algal toxins
The water Milan Village buys is treated by Sandusky City, so the results below are Sandusky City's.
Ohio EPA tests for microcystin, a toxin that harmful algal blooms can release, in raw water at the intake and in treated water.
At the intake, microcystin was detected 17 times in 291 raw-water samples, across 4 bloom seasons (2016 to 2021); the highest raw-water result was 3.834 µg/L on August 30, 2021. There has been no raw-water detection since 2024.
Microcystin was never detected in treated water (307 samples).
In all, 598 samples from 2016 to 2026, the latest on August 24, 2026.
| Water | Samples | Detections | Highest result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw water, at the intake | 291 | 17 | 3.834 µg/L |
| Treated water | 307 | 0 | not detected |
The ten-day advisory levels for treated water are 0.3 µg/L for children under six and 1.6 µg/L for everyone else. Any detection at the intake triggers more frequent testing until two clean weeks.
Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring, 2016 to present (HAB data, fetched September 2026).
How well the service area is mapped
EPA estimated the service area of Milan Village with a computer model rather than drawing it from the utility's map, so its edges are approximate.
Source: EPA Service Area Boundaries; resident estimate by this atlas from ZIP-code overlap.
Photograph
On the map
Show this system's territory on the map — 2 ZIP codes in all.
Sources
U.S. EPA SDWIS and Community Water System Service Area Boundaries (v3, 2026), Ohio EPA primacy data, 2020 census blocks: the system serving most residents, traced through purchases to the treating utility; Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State, May 2025) for household bills; Ohio EPA DEFA loan awards since 2016 for the loans paragraph · EPA SDWIS · EPA service area boundaries · Ohio EPA drinking water · Ohio EPA rate survey
EPA's own record for this system: Enforcement and Compliance History report for OH2201212 (EPA ECHO).
Notable facts: milanohio.gov, milanohio.gov, en.wikipedia.org
History: milanohio.gov, milanohio.gov, en.wikipedia.org
Water quality: milanohio.gov
Water pressure: milanohio.gov
Treatment: milanohio.gov
Supply stress: milanohio.gov
