Water system

South Lebanon City

EPA ID OH8301312 · Warren County · 3,891 people served · owned by a local government

Ohio River (Miller Plant, ~88%) plus Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer wells (~12%)
Ohio River

South Lebanon City buys its water from Cincinnati Public Water System.

The system's record

Ohio River (Miller Plant, ~88%) plus Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer wells (~12%)
Ohio River
South Lebanon City buys its water from Cincinnati Public Water System. Cincinnati Public Water System treats water from Ohio River (Miller Plant, ~88%) plus Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer wells (~12%).
Wells: EPA lists 13 active wells. ODNR well logs locate 1 public-supply well inside Cincinnati Public Water System's wellhead protection zone, 91 ft deep, in sand & gravel. Zoom in to see them as dots.
Well 1Well 2Well 3Well 4Well 5Well 6Well 7Well 8Well 9Well 10Well 11Well 12Well 13
Aquifer
Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer
Water bodies
Ohio River
Raw intakes
Cincinnati Miller Ohio River
Cincinnati Miller Ohio River S
Active wells
13
Serves
750,200 people · Hamilton County
EPA ID
OH3102612

About this area's water

Entrance to the River Pumping Station at Cincinnati Water Works' Kellogg Avenue Ohio River intake
Entrance to the River Pumping Station at Cincinnati Water Works' Kellogg Avenue Ohio River intakePhoto: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/oh0105.photos.127321p, Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Did you know
  • South Lebanon has been a settlement since 1795, first as Deerfield, but only became a city in October 2021, when the 2020 Census pushed it past 5,000 residents; its home-rule charter took effect July 1, 2023.
  • The city buys every drop it sells. EPA records show it once pumped from three of its own wells, all now inactive.
  • Its emergency connection to Warren County went completely unused in 2025: zero gallons over 365 days.
  • Because Greater Cincinnati Water Works blends Ohio River water from the Miller plant with buried-valley aquifer groundwater from the Bolton plant, and Ohio EPA treated the two as one distribution system in 2025, a South…
  • Its trash service is priced right on the bill next to the water: $21.53 a month, collected Thursdays.

Source: southlebanonohio.orgsouthlebanonohio.orgsouthlebanonohio.org

History4
  • 1795Settled on the Little Miami River as Deerfield, later renamed South Lebanon; the city describes itself as over 200 years old.
  • 2021The former Village of South Lebanon became a City in October 2021 after the 2020 Census counted more than 5,000 residents.
  • 2023Voters approved a city charter on the May 2, 2023 ballot; the charter took effect July 1, 2023.
  • 2025The system failed to file its July 2025 Monthly Operating Report with Ohio EPA by the 10th of the following month; it was submitted August 18, 2025, producing a reported violation. Customers were…

Source: southlebanonohio.orgsouthlebanonohio.orgsouthlebanonohio.org

Treatment & pressure

How it is treated

South Lebanon operates no treatment plant. Its 2025 CCR states the city receives 100 percent of its drinking water from Greater Cincinnati Water Works through a master meter; EPA SDWIS lists that GCWW (Cincinnati Public Water System, OH3102612) master meter as the only active purchased connection…

Source: southlebanonohio.orgdata.epa.govdata.epa.gov

Water pressure

Not published. Neither the CCR nor the utilities page states a distribution pressure; EPA SDWIS lists one storage tank and shows the city's high service pumps as an inactive…

Source: southlebanonohio.orgsouthlebanonohio.org

What it costs

$4.18 per 1,000 gallons

Typical household bill about $38 a month for water.

Per Ordinance 2025-25, effective January 1, 2026: inside corporation boundaries (excluding the Warren County agreement area) $33.99 for the first 3,000 gallons or part thereof per…

Source: southlebanonohio.org

Water quality & impurities8
ContaminantLevelLimitYear
Chlorine (as Cl2)0.94 (range… mg/LMRDL 4.02025
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)43.2 (range… ppbMCL 802025
Haloacetic acids (HAA5)9.2 (range… ppbMCL 602025
Lead (90th percentile)
0 of 20 samples above the action level.
5.5 ppbAction level 152025
Copper (90th percentile)
0 of 20 samples above the action level.
0.41 ppmAction level 1.32025
Turbidity (supplier)
Measured by Greater Cincinnati Water Works at the Miller plant, not by South Lebanon.
0.16 highest… NTU0.3 NTU in 95…2025
Monthly Operating Report filing
The July 2025 MOR was due by August 10 and was not submitted until August 18, 2025.
One reported… n/an/a2025
HAA5 monitoring (SDWIS record)
EPA SDWIS carries an HAA5 routine monitoring violation for the compliance period 1 Jan - 31 Mar 2026…
Routine… n/an/a2026

Source: southlebanonohio.orgdata.epa.gov

EPA compliance record

Lead at the tap: 90th-percentile result 1 ppb in 2025 (action level 15 ppb).

EPA record: no health-based violations since 2015.

9 violations of any kind logged since 2020: 3 for required testing that was missed or reported late; 6 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).

EPA compliance record · Cincinnati Public Water System (treats the water)

Lead at the tap: 90th-percentile result 2.1 ppb in 2026 (action level 15 ppb).

EPA record: no health-based violations since 2015.

Supply stress

South Lebanon has no source of its own to stress; it buys 100 percent of its supply from Greater Cincinnati Water Works, so its exposure is entirely to that regional system. Ohio EPA classifies the Ohio River as highly susceptible to contamination, as it does all surface waters, and classifies GCWW's portion of the Great Miami Buried…

Source: southlebanonohio.org

Sewers

Sanitary

The City of South Lebanon bills a separate monthly sanitary sewer charge under Ordinance 2022-03: $37.50 per month for the first 3,000 gallons for Warren County-billed customers and $34.43 for individually metered customers, both with $2.78 per 1,000 gallons over 3,000. The city provides sanitary sewer collection service; which entity…

Storm

Not published. No stormwater utility, fee or system description appears on the city's utilities or departments pages.

Source: southlebanonohio.org

Sourcesverified

Compiled from the utility's own reports and public records, then independently re-checked against primary sources.

Main supplier in 1 ZIP code

Serves

Main water supplier in 1 ZIP code

Also present in 1 more ZIP code

Population-weighted resident shares; a ZIP code can have more than one system on record. Recomputed from each ZIP's own system list, not from the map's cached footprint.

Buys from · Sells to

South Lebanon City buys its water from Cincinnati Public Water System.

No other system is on record buying water from South Lebanon City.

What the records show about South Lebanon City

Who runs it

EPA's record describes South Lebanon City as owned by a local government. It has 1,297 service connections and serves 3,891 people.

EPA classes it as a community water system, one that serves the same residents all year.

Its office telephone on EPA's record is 513-770-4871.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), water system record.

How the water is treated

South Lebanon City buys water that Cincinnati Public Water System treats first, so the steps that count are the seller's. EPA's treatment table registers these steps for Cincinnati Public Water System: corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, iron and manganese removal, fluoridation, granular activated carbon, lime softening, powdered activated carbon, and sand or media filtration.

South Lebanon City adds nothing of its own on that table.

The list is what each system registered with EPA for treatment plants EPA still shows as active, and it can lag a plant upgrade.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).

Violations

EPA's record shows no health-based violations for South Lebanon City since 2015.

EPA logs 9 violations of any kind since 2020: 3 for required testing that was missed or reported late; 6 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) violation records: health-based violations with compliance periods beginning in 2015 or later, all violations from 2020 or later (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).

Lead and copper at the tap

In the sampling period ending December 2025, the 90th-percentile lead result at South Lebanon City was 1 ppb, under both the current 15 ppb action level and the 10 ppb level that applies from 2027.

The highest result on file is 1.1 ppb, in the period ending December 2020.

EPA has 8 sampling periods on file for South Lebanon City since 2016, the first ending in 2018; no period was above 10 ppb.

Every water system has to inventory its service lines, the pipes from the main to each building. In the inventory South Lebanon City sent EPA, 1,292 lines are counted.

Service lines in the inventory
MaterialLines
Lead0
Galvanized, needing replacement0
Unknown material0
Not lead1,292
All lines1,292

Systems sample taps in the homes most likely to have lead pipes or solder. The 90th-percentile result is the level nine in ten of the sampled homes were at or below. Lead comes mostly from service lines and house plumbing, not the source water, so a low result for the system does not clear an old house.

EPA's dashboard status for this inventory: reported all required service line types.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) lead and copper 90th-percentile results (EPA Envirofacts), sampling periods ending 2016 or later; EPA's service line inventory dashboard, Ohio's 2026 Q2 submission.

PFAS

EPA's fifth national round of testing (UCMR 5) took 4 samples of the water entering the pipes of South Lebanon City in 2023 and measured 29 PFAS. No PFAS was detected, PFOA and PFOS (federal limit 4 ng/L each) among them.

Ohio EPA's own statewide sampling tested 2 plants of Cincinnati Public Water System (latest sample March 2020). Not one of the six PFAS tested (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS) was detected.

Ohio EPA's current sampling status map lists 2 plants of Cincinnati Public Water System as sampled, most recently August 2026.

PFAS are the 'forever chemicals' from firefighting foam, plating shops and non-stick coatings. Results are for water leaving the plant, not your tap.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026); Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling, 2019 to 2021, and its sampling status map.

Disinfection byproducts

Chlorine that disinfects water also reacts with organic matter to form byproducts. Two groups have federal limits: total trihalomethanes (TTHM, 80 µg/L) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5, 60 µg/L), judged on running yearly averages at each sampling site.

For TTHM, the average of South Lebanon City's samples in 2019, the last year it was sampled, was 47.7 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 50.3 µg/L and the highest single sample was 81.6 µg/L, from 57 samples taken from 2012 to 2019.

For HAA5, the average in the last year sampled was 7.4 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 11.2 µg/L and the highest single sample was 23.6 µg/L, from 57 samples.

Disinfection byproducts in the distribution system
ByproductLimitLatest yearly averageWorst yearly averageHighest sampleSamples
TTHM80 µg/L47.7 µg/L (2019)50.3 µg/L81.6 µg/L57
HAA560 µg/L7.4 µg/L11.2 µg/L23.6 µg/L57

A yearly average of 0 means nothing was detected in that year's samples. EPA's file stops at 2019; Ohio EPA's Drinking Water Watch has newer results.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system samples (non-detects counted as zero).

Nitrate, arsenic and radioactivity

The water South Lebanon City buys is treated by Cincinnati Public Water System, so the results below are Cincinnati Public Water System's.

Nitrate: the highest of 119 samples was 1.55 mg/L (as nitrogen) in 2015; in 2019, the last year sampled, the highest was 1.3 mg/L. No sample was over the limit of 10 mg/L. Nitrate above 10 is unsafe for infants.

Arsenic was not detected in 16 samples (limit 10 µg/L).

Nitrate, arsenic and radioactivity in finished water, 2012 to 2019
ContaminantSamplesHighest resultLimitSamples over limit
Nitrate (as nitrogen)1191.55 mg/L10 mg/L0
Arsenic16not detected10 µg/L0

Measured in finished water: at the plant's entry points and in the distribution system; raw well and intake samples are left out. Non-detects count as zero.

EPA's file lumps the entry-point samples of all 2 plants of Cincinnati Public Water System together, so a result over a limit may come from a plant that serves a different part of town.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Cincinnati Public Water System.

Solvents and fuels

The water South Lebanon City buys is treated by Cincinnati Public Water System, so the results below are Cincinnati Public Water System's.

EPA's file holds results for all six solvent and fuel compounds it checked. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were not detected in 11 samples each.

Solvents and fuels in finished water, 2012 to 2019
CompoundLimitSamplesDetected inHighest resultSamples over limit
Benzene5 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
Carbon tetrachloride5 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
1,2-dichloroethane5 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
Trichloroethylene (TCE)5 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)5 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
Vinyl chloride2 µg/L110 of 11not detected0

"Not detected" means the lab's result was below what its method can measure, not that the compound is absent. Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Cincinnati Public Water System.

Farm chemicals and metals

The water South Lebanon City buys is treated by Cincinnati Public Water System, so the results below are Cincinnati Public Water System's.

EPA's file holds results for 8 of the nine herbicides and metals it checked. Detected: barium in 16 of 16 samples, highest 54 µg/L (limit 2,000). Not detected: atrazine in 11 samples, alachlor in 11 samples, chromium in 16 samples, cadmium in 16 samples, mercury in 16 samples, selenium in 16 samples, thallium in 16 samples.

Herbicides and metals in finished water, 2012 to 2019
SubstanceKindLimitSamplesDetected inHighest resultSamples over limit
AtrazineFarm chemical3 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
AlachlorFarm chemical2 µg/L110 of 11not detected0
ChromiumMetal100 µg/L160 of 16not detected0
CadmiumMetal5 µg/L160 of 16not detected0
BariumMetal2,000 µg/L1616 of 1654 µg/L0
MercuryMetal2 µg/L160 of 16not detected0
SeleniumMetal50 µg/L160 of 16not detected0
ThalliumMetal2 µg/L160 of 16not detected0

Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.

EPA's file lumps the entry-point samples of all 2 plants of Cincinnati Public Water System together, so a result over a limit may come from a plant that serves a different part of town.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water of Cincinnati Public Water System.

Bacteria in the pipes

From 2012 to 2019, 1 of 444 routine total coliform samples taken in the distribution system at South Lebanon City tested positive (0.23%); in 2019, the last year on file, 0 of 60 did. E. coli was never found in the 414 samples tested for it.

A positive coliform test is a warning sign, not a violation by itself. E. coli is a sign that human or animal waste may have reached the water. Coliform counts are routine samples only; E. coli counts include repeat samples.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system presence/absence tests for total coliform and E. coli.

Fluoride

The Ohio Department of Health's report to the CDC (My Water's Fluoride) says South Lebanon City buys its water from Cincinnati Public Water System, a system that adjusts the fluoride level to the recommended level for preventing tooth decay.

EPA's treatment table lists fluoridation among the steps at Cincinnati Public Water System, which treats the water South Lebanon City buys.

Measured fluoride: 0.81 mg/L on average leaving the plants of Cincinnati Public Water System, which supplies South Lebanon City, in 2019 (in the range dentists aim for); samples ran from 0.79 to 0.98 mg/L across 16 samples in 2012 to 2019.

The recommended level for preventing tooth decay is 0.7 mg/L; the federal limit is 4 mg/L. The treatment list is what each system registered with EPA and can lag a plant upgrade.

Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride (fluoridation status as reported by the Ohio Department of Health, fetched September 2026); EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table; EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, entry-point fluoride samples.

Lithium

Lithium was not detected in 4 UCMR 5 samples at South Lebanon City, last sampled in 2023 (the method reports from 9 µg/L).

Lithium is not regulated. EPA's draft health reference level is 10 µg/L, and it occurs naturally in deep groundwater, so well systems in the northwest run highest.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026), samples from 2023 to 2025.

Algal toxins

The water South Lebanon City buys is treated by Cincinnati Public Water System, so the results below are Cincinnati Public Water System's.

Ohio EPA tests for microcystin, a toxin that harmful algal blooms can release, in raw water at the intake and in treated water.

At the intake, microcystin was detected 2 times in 288 raw-water samples, across 1 bloom season (2019); the highest raw-water result was 0.46 µg/L on October 2, 2019. There has been no raw-water detection since 2024.

Microcystin was never detected in treated water (285 samples).

In all, 573 samples from 2016 to 2026, the latest on August 25, 2026.

Microcystin results
WaterSamplesDetectionsHighest result
Raw water, at the intake28820.46 µg/L
Treated water2850not detected

The ten-day advisory levels for treated water are 0.3 µg/L for children under six and 1.6 µg/L for everyone else. Any detection at the intake triggers more frequent testing until two clean weeks.

Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring, 2016 to present (HAB data, fetched September 2026).

Water and sewer bills

Ohio EPA's 2023 rate survey puts the water bill at South Lebanon City for a household using 5,000 gallons a month at $484 a year, about $40 a month.

The sewer bill in the same survey is $517 a year at 5,000 gallons a month.

Annual bills, 2023
UseWater, per yearSewer, per year
2,500 gallons a month$388$450
5,000 gallons a month$484$517
8,000 gallons a month$627$617

The survey lists it as “South Lebanon”. These are inside-city rates and annual bills at the use shown.

Source: Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State University, May 2025).

How well the service area is mapped

EPA estimated the service area of South Lebanon City with a computer model rather than drawing it from the utility's map, so its edges are approximate.

Counting the people who live in the ZIP codes it overlaps, this atlas estimates 3,857 residents are inside the boundary, 99% of the 3,891 people South Lebanon City reports serving.

The resident count is an estimate from 2020 Census ZIP-code populations, not a count of customers.

Source: EPA Service Area Boundaries; resident estimate by this atlas from ZIP-code overlap.

Photograph

The municipal building in South Lebanon, Ohio
The municipal building in South Lebanon, OhioPhoto: Nyttend · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

On the map

Show this system's territory on the map — 2 ZIP codes in all.

Sources

U.S. EPA SDWIS and Community Water System Service Area Boundaries (v3, 2026), Ohio EPA primacy data, 2020 census blocks: the system serving most residents, traced through purchases to the treating utility; Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State, May 2025) for household bills; Ohio EPA DEFA loan awards since 2016 for the loans paragraph · EPA SDWIS · EPA service area boundaries · Ohio EPA drinking water · Ohio EPA rate survey

EPA's own record for this system: Enforcement and Compliance History report for OH8301312 (EPA ECHO).

Notable facts: southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org

History: southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org

Water quality: southlebanonohio.org, data.epa.gov

Water pressure: southlebanonohio.org, southlebanonohio.org

Rates: southlebanonohio.org

Sewers: southlebanonohio.org

Treatment: southlebanonohio.org, data.epa.gov, data.epa.gov

Supply stress: southlebanonohio.org

Quick answers

Where does South Lebanon City get its water?

South Lebanon City buys its water from Cincinnati Public Water System.

How many people does South Lebanon City serve?

South Lebanon City serves about 3,891 people, and is the main water system for 1 ZIP code.

Who owns South Lebanon City?

South Lebanon City is owned by a local government.

Is there lead in South Lebanon City water?

In 2025 testing, South Lebanon City's 90th-percentile lead level in tap samples was 5.5 ppb. 0 of 20 samples above the action level.

Cite this page

Cite this page as:

Cracked Buckeye, "South Lebanon City · OH8301312", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8301312/, built 2026-10-31, accessed [date].

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