Water system
Caldwell Village
EPA ID OH6100011 · Noble County · 3,300 people served · owned by a local government
Caldwell Village treats its own water from Wolf Run Lake (primary) + Caldwell Lake (backup reservoirs).
The system's record
- Water bodies
- Wolf Run Lake, Caldwell Lake
- Raw intakes
- Caldwell Wolf Run Lake I
Caldwell Caldwell Lake I - Serves
- 3,300 people · Noble County
- EPA ID
- OH6100011
About this area's water
Did you know
- Wolf Run Lake is a 220-acre lake half a mile east of the Belle Valley interchange, where I-77 meets S.R. 821; the village's intakes are built at the dam and the same lake doubles as a state park with swimming, fishing…
- Caldwell Lake holds 500 million gallons behind its dam and has three-level intakes, so operators can draw from whichever depth has the best water that day.
- The 2019 CCR's cover is a 1939 photograph of a worker standing at the Caldwell Water Works lime feeders.
- The file the village currently posts as its 2026 water quality report is Ohio EPA's blank CCR template, still carrying placeholders like {Water System Name} and empty contaminant tables, with only the cover page filled…
Source: caldwellohio.orgcaldwellohio.org
History5
- 1939A photograph of a worker at the Caldwell Water Works lime feeders, used as the cover of the 2019 CCR, shows the plant already running lime treatment by this date.
- 2019Disinfection byproducts hit their published high: TTHM averaged 64.88 ppb with an individual result of 80.2 ppb, and HAA5 averaged 46.03 ppb with an individual result of 61.9 ppb, both against limits…
- 2023One of twenty lead tap samples came back above the 15 ppb action level, with individual results ranging up to 35 ppb; the 90th percentile was 0 ppb, so the system did not exceed the action level.
- 2024Disinfection byproducts fell sharply, to a TTHM average of 30.5 ppb and an HAA5 average of 31.7 ppb, and the village reported meeting all monitoring requirements with no violations for the year.
- 2026The document posted on the village website as the 2026 Caldwell Water CCR is the blank Ohio EPA CCR template, carrying unfilled placeholders such as {Water System Name} and empty contaminant tables…
Treatment & pressure
How it is treated
Conventional surface-water treatment with taste, odor and organics control. EPA's SDWIS treatment record for the Caldwell plant lists rapid mix, coagulation, a clarifier/solids-contact unit, pH adjustment, potassium permanganate, powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon, rapid sand…
Source: data.epa.govcaldwellohio.orgcaldwellohio.org
Water pressure
Not published. Neither the 2019 nor the 2025 CCR, nor any village engineering document located, states a service pressure or describes pressure zones.
What it costs
Not published online. The village runs an online bill-pay portal (caldwellohio.authoritypay.com) and lists drop-box and drive-thru payment options, but posts no water or sewer…
Source: caldwellohio.orgcaldwellohio.org
Water quality & impurities10
| Contaminant | Level | Limit | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Range 10.8-42.3 ppb. Down sharply from the 64.88 ppb average reported for 2019. | 30.5 ppb | 80 | 2024 |
| Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) Range 6-47.8 ppb. Down from 46.03 ppb in 2019. | 31.7 ppb | 60 | 2024 |
| Total Chlorine Range 1.64-2.06 ppm. | 1.89 ppm | MRDL=4 | 2024 |
| Barium Erosion of natural deposits, discharge from drilling wastes and metal refineries. | 0.24 ppm | 2 | 2024 |
| Fluoride Range 1.02-1.02 ppm; water additive plus natural deposits. | 1.02 ppm | 4 | 2024 |
| Nitrate Range 0.2-0.406 ppm. The CCR labels this row ug/L, but the MCL of 10 makes clear the values are mg/L (ppm). | 0.406 ppm | 10 | 2024 |
| Lead (90th percentile) Individual results ranged 0-35 ppb, and the CCR states that 1 of 20 samples was found to have lead in excess of the 15… | 0 ppb | AL=15 | 2023 |
| Copper (90th percentile) Range 0-0.045 ppm; 0 of 20 samples exceeded the action level. | 0.045 ppm | AL=1.3 | 2023 |
| Turbidity Highest recorded result; 100 percent of samples met the standard. The 2025 CCR's narrative paragraph contradicts its… | 0.23 NTU | TT (0.3 NTU in… | 2024 |
| Total Organic Carbon (removal ratio) Range 1.28-2.72. A value above 1 means the plant met its TOC removal requirement. | 1.28 ratio | TT (must be… | 2024 |
Source: caldwellohio.orgcaldwellohio.org
EPA compliance record
Lead at the tap: 90th-percentile result 0 ppb in 2023 (action level 15 ppb).
EPA record: no health-based violations since 2015.
4 violations of any kind logged since 2020: 4 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).
Supply stress
A two-reservoir surface supply. Ohio treats all surface waters as susceptible to contamination, and the CCR repeats that no single treatment technique addresses every contaminant. Redundancy is the system's main protection: Wolf Run Lake covers 220 acres with intakes at the dam, and Caldwell Lake holds 500 million gallons with…
Source: caldwellohio.orgcaldwellohio.org
Sewers
Sanitary
The village runs a Sewer Department (caldwellohio.org/departments/sewer/), but publishes no plant name, capacity, receiving stream or NPDES permit number.
Storm
Not documented. The village publishes nothing on storm sewers.
Source: caldwellohio.org
Sourcesverified
Compiled from the utility's own reports and public records, then independently re-checked against primary sources.
Present in 1 ZIP code
Serves
Main water supplier in 1 ZIP code
- 43724 · Olive Township and Caldwell23% of residents
Population-weighted resident shares; a ZIP code can have more than one system on record. Recomputed from each ZIP's own system list, not from the map's cached footprint.
Buys from · Sells to
Caldwell Village does not buy water from another system on record; it treats its own source water.
4 systems on record buy water from Caldwell Village: Clear Water Corporation, Noble Water Company, Pure Water Corporation, Pure Water System 2.
What the records show about Caldwell Village
Who runs it
EPA's record describes Caldwell Village as owned by a local government. It has 1,340 service connections and serves 3,300 people.
EPA classes it as a community water system, one that serves the same residents all year.
EPA's record says it has substantially implemented source water protection under Ohio's program, dating the program from 2023. Its office telephone on EPA's record is 740-732-4645.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), water system record.
How the water is treated
EPA's treatment table registers these steps for Caldwell Village: corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, iron and manganese removal, fluoridation, granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, and sand or media filtration.
The list is what each system registered with EPA for treatment plants EPA still shows as active, and it can lag a plant upgrade.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).
Violations
EPA's record shows no health-based violations for Caldwell Village since 2015.
EPA logs 4 violations of any kind since 2020: 4 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) violation records: health-based violations with compliance periods beginning in 2015 or later, all violations from 2020 or later (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).
Lead and copper at the tap
In the sampling period ending December 2023, the 90th-percentile lead result at Caldwell Village was 0 ppb, under both the current 15 ppb action level and the 10 ppb level that applies from 2027. A result of 0 means at least nine in ten of the homes sampled had no lead detected.
EPA has 3 sampling periods on file for Caldwell Village since 2016, the first ending in 2017; no period was above 10 ppb.
Every water system has to inventory its service lines, the pipes from the main to each building. In the inventory Caldwell Village sent EPA, 1,331 lines are counted.
| Material | Lines |
|---|---|
| Lead | 0 |
| Galvanized, needing replacement | 0 |
| Unknown material | 0 |
| Not lead | 1,331 |
| All lines | 1,331 |
Systems sample taps in the homes most likely to have lead pipes or solder. The 90th-percentile result is the level nine in ten of the sampled homes were at or below. Lead comes mostly from service lines and house plumbing, not the source water, so a low result for the system does not clear an old house.
EPA's dashboard status for this inventory: reported all required service line types.
Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) lead and copper 90th-percentile results (EPA Envirofacts), sampling periods ending 2016 or later; EPA's service line inventory dashboard, Ohio's 2026 Q2 submission.
PFAS
EPA's fifth national round of testing (UCMR 5) took 4 samples of the water entering the pipes of Caldwell Village in 2025 and measured 29 PFAS.
The highest PFOA or PFOS result, 13 ng/L, is at or above the federal limit of 4 ng/L that EPA set in 2024. Systems have until 2029 to comply, and in May 2026 EPA proposed letting systems apply for two more years. One sample over the limit is not a violation: compliance is judged on a running annual average.
The highest PFAS results were PFOA 13 ng/L and PFBA 5.9 ng/L.
Ohio EPA's own statewide sampling tested 1 plant of Caldwell Village (latest sample August 2020). Not one of the six PFAS tested (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS) was detected.
| Compound | Highest result | Federal limit |
|---|---|---|
| PFOA | 13 ng/L | 4 ng/L |
| PFOS | not detected | 4 ng/L |
PFAS are the 'forever chemicals' from firefighting foam, plating shops and non-stick coatings. Results are for water leaving the plant, not your tap.
Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026); Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling, 2019 to 2021, and its sampling status map.
Disinfection byproducts
Chlorine that disinfects water also reacts with organic matter to form byproducts. Two groups have federal limits: total trihalomethanes (TTHM, 80 µg/L) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5, 60 µg/L), judged on running yearly averages at each sampling site.
For TTHM, the average of Caldwell Village's samples in 2019, the last year it was sampled, was 46.3 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 58.9 µg/L and the highest single sample was 80.2 µg/L, from 60 samples taken from 2012 to 2019.
For HAA5, the average in the last year sampled was 34.7 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 41.3 µg/L and the highest single sample was 61.9 µg/L, from 60 samples.
| Byproduct | Limit | Latest yearly average | Worst yearly average | Highest sample | Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTHM | 80 µg/L | 46.3 µg/L (2019) | 58.9 µg/L | 80.2 µg/L | 60 |
| HAA5 | 60 µg/L | 34.7 µg/L | 41.3 µg/L | 61.9 µg/L | 60 |
A yearly average of 0 means nothing was detected in that year's samples. EPA's file stops at 2019; Ohio EPA's Drinking Water Watch has newer results.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system samples (non-detects counted as zero).
Nitrate, arsenic and radioactivity
Nitrate: the highest of 97 samples was 1.99 mg/L (as nitrogen) in 2015; in 2019, the last year sampled, the highest was 0.88 mg/L. No sample was over the limit of 10 mg/L. Nitrate above 10 is unsafe for infants.
Arsenic was not detected in 8 samples (limit 10 µg/L).
| Contaminant | Samples | Highest result | Limit | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate (as nitrogen) | 97 | 1.99 mg/L | 10 mg/L | 0 |
| Arsenic | 8 | not detected | 10 µg/L | 0 |
Measured in finished water: at the plant's entry points and in the distribution system; raw well and intake samples are left out. Non-detects count as zero.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.
Solvents and fuels
EPA's file holds results for all six solvent and fuel compounds it checked. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were not detected in 8 samples each.
| Compound | Limit | Samples | Detected in | Highest result | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE) | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Vinyl chloride | 2 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
"Not detected" means the lab's result was below what its method can measure, not that the compound is absent. Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.
Farm chemicals and metals
EPA's file holds results for 8 of the nine herbicides and metals it checked. Detected: barium in 7 of 8 samples, highest 37 µg/L (limit 2,000). Not detected: atrazine, alachlor, chromium, cadmium, mercury, selenium, and thallium, in 8 samples each.
| Substance | Kind | Limit | Samples | Detected in | Highest result | Samples over limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atrazine | Farm chemical | 3 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Alachlor | Farm chemical | 2 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Chromium | Metal | 100 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Cadmium | Metal | 5 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Barium | Metal | 2,000 µg/L | 8 | 7 of 8 | 37 µg/L | 0 |
| Mercury | Metal | 2 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Selenium | Metal | 50 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
| Thallium | Metal | 2 µg/L | 8 | 0 of 8 | not detected | 0 |
Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.
Bacteria in the pipes
From 2012 to 2019, 0 of 740 routine total coliform samples taken in the distribution system at Caldwell Village tested positive (0%); in 2019, the last year on file, 0 of 96 did.
A positive coliform test is a warning sign, not a violation by itself. E. coli is a sign that human or animal waste may have reached the water. Coliform counts are routine samples only; E. coli counts include repeat samples.
Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system presence/absence tests for total coliform and E. coli.
Fluoride
The Ohio Department of Health's report to the CDC (My Water's Fluoride) says Caldwell Village adjusts the fluoride level to the recommended level for preventing tooth decay.
EPA's treatment table lists fluoridation among the steps at Caldwell Village.
Measured fluoride: 1.07 mg/L on average at the plant's entry points in 2019 (in the range dentists aim for); samples ran from 0.81 to 1.07 mg/L across 8 samples in 2012 to 2019.
The recommended level for preventing tooth decay is 0.7 mg/L; the federal limit is 4 mg/L. The treatment list is what each system registered with EPA and can lag a plant upgrade.
Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride (fluoridation status as reported by the Ohio Department of Health, fetched September 2026); EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table; EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, entry-point fluoride samples.
Lithium
Lithium was not detected in 4 UCMR 5 samples at Caldwell Village, last sampled in 2025 (the method reports from 9 µg/L).
Lithium is not regulated. EPA's draft health reference level is 10 µg/L, and it occurs naturally in deep groundwater, so well systems in the northwest run highest.
Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026), samples from 2023 to 2025.
Algal toxins
Ohio EPA tests for microcystin, a toxin that harmful algal blooms can release, in raw water at the intake and in treated water.
At the intake, microcystin was detected 8 times in 227 raw-water samples, across 3 bloom seasons (2019 to 2026); the highest raw-water result was 3.63 µg/L on August 24, 2026. The highest raw-water result since 2024 was 3.63 µg/L.
Microcystin was never detected in treated water (139 samples).
In all, 366 samples from 2016 to 2026, the latest on August 24, 2026.
| Water | Samples | Detections | Highest result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw water, at the intake | 227 | 8 | 3.63 µg/L |
| Treated water | 139 | 0 | not detected |
The ten-day advisory levels for treated water are 0.3 µg/L for children under six and 1.6 µg/L for everyone else. Any detection at the intake triggers more frequent testing until two clean weeks.
Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring, 2016 to present (HAB data, fetched September 2026).
How well the service area is mapped
EPA estimated the service area of Caldwell Village with a computer model rather than drawing it from the utility's map, so its edges are approximate.
Counting the people who live in the ZIP codes it overlaps, this atlas estimates 2,030 residents are inside the boundary, 62% of the 3,300 people Caldwell Village reports serving.
The resident count is an estimate from 2020 Census ZIP-code populations, not a count of customers.
Source: EPA Service Area Boundaries; resident estimate by this atlas from ZIP-code overlap.
Photograph
On the map
Show this system's territory on the map — 1 ZIP code in all.
Sources
U.S. EPA SDWIS and Community Water System Service Area Boundaries (v3, 2026), Ohio EPA primacy data, 2020 census blocks: the system serving most residents, traced through purchases to the treating utility; Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State, May 2025) for household bills; Ohio EPA DEFA loan awards since 2016 for the loans paragraph · EPA SDWIS · EPA service area boundaries · Ohio EPA drinking water · Ohio EPA rate survey
EPA's own record for this system: Enforcement and Compliance History report for OH6100011 (EPA ECHO).
Caldwell Village's own pages: caldwellohio.org, ohiodnr.gov
Notable facts: caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org
History: caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org, data.epa.gov
Water quality: caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org
Rates: caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org
Sewers: caldwellohio.org
Treatment: data.epa.gov, caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org
Supply stress: caldwellohio.org, caldwellohio.org
