Piqua City

Who runs it

EPA's record describes Piqua City as owned by a local government. It has 8,824 service connections and serves 20,354 people.

EPA classes it as a community water system, one that serves the same residents all year.

EPA's record says it has substantially implemented source water protection under Ohio's program, dating the program from 2023. Its office telephone on EPA's record is 937-778-2090.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), water system record.

How the water is treated

EPA's treatment table registers these steps for Piqua City: corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, iron and manganese removal, fluoridation, lime softening, powdered activated carbon, and sand or media filtration.

The list is what each system registered with EPA for treatment plants EPA still shows as active, and it can lag a plant upgrade.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table (EPA Envirofacts, pulled September 2026).

Violations

EPA's record shows no health-based violations for Piqua City since 2015.

EPA logs 6 violations of any kind since 2020: 1 for required testing that was missed or reported late; 5 for a report, record or notice that was missing, late or incomplete (the yearly water quality report, a public notice, lead line records).

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) violation records: health-based violations with compliance periods beginning in 2015 or later, all violations from 2020 or later (EPA Envirofacts, pulled November 2026).

Lead and copper at the tap

For the sampling period ending December 2025, EPA's record lists the 90th-percentile lead result at Piqua City as 0 ppb, under both the current 15 ppb action level and the 10 ppb level that applies from 2027. EPA records a result below the lab's reporting level as 0, so this is the result reported, not proof that no home sampled had lead.

The highest result on file is 2 ppb, in the period ending June 2018.

EPA has 9 sampling periods on file for Piqua City since 2016, the first ending in 2017; no period was above 10 ppb.

Every water system has to inventory its service lines, the pipes from the main to each building. In the inventory Piqua City sent EPA, 9,492 lines are counted.

Systems sample taps in the homes most likely to have lead pipes or solder. The 90th-percentile result is the level nine in ten of the sampled homes were at or below. Lead comes mostly from service lines and house plumbing, not the source water, so a low result for the system does not clear an old house.

EPA's dashboard status for this inventory: reported all required service line types.

Source: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) lead and copper 90th-percentile results (EPA Envirofacts), sampling periods ending 2016 or later; EPA's service line inventory dashboard, Ohio's 2026 Q2 submission.

PFAS

EPA's fifth national round of testing (UCMR 5) took 4 samples of the water entering the pipes of Piqua City in 2025 and measured 29 PFAS.

EPA's UCMR 5 file shows no PFOA or PFOS detected, against a federal limit of 4 ng/L each.

The highest PFAS result was PFPeA 3.1 ng/L.

Ohio EPA's own statewide sampling tested 1 plant of Piqua City (latest sample July 2020). Not one of the six PFAS tested (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS) was detected.

Ohio EPA's current sampling status map lists 1 plant of Piqua City as sampled, most recently November 2025.

PFAS are the 'forever chemicals' from firefighting foam, plating shops and non-stick coatings. Results are for water leaving the plant, not your tap.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026); Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling, 2019 to 2021, and its sampling status map.

Disinfection byproducts

Chlorine that disinfects water also reacts with organic matter to form byproducts. Two groups have federal limits: total trihalomethanes (TTHM, 80 µg/L) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5, 60 µg/L), judged on running yearly averages at each sampling site.

For TTHM, the average of Piqua City's samples in 2019, the last year it was sampled, was 46.1 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 70.4 µg/L and the highest single sample was 146.9 µg/L, from 144 samples taken from 2012 to 2019.

For HAA5, the average in the last year sampled was 13.3 µg/L. The worst yearly average was 25.9 µg/L and the highest single sample was 45.7 µg/L, from 148 samples.

A yearly average of 0 means nothing was detected in that year's samples. EPA's file stops at 2019; Ohio EPA's Drinking Water Watch has newer results.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system samples (non-detects counted as zero).

Nitrate, arsenic and radioactivity

Nitrate: the highest of 96 samples was 7.16 mg/L (as nitrogen), in 2019, the last year sampled. No sample was over the limit of 10 mg/L. Nitrate above 10 is unsafe for infants.

Arsenic was not detected in 8 samples (limit 10 µg/L).

Measured in finished water: at the plant's entry points and in the distribution system; raw well and intake samples are left out. Non-detects count as zero.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.

Solvents and fuels

EPA's file holds results for all six solvent and fuel compounds it checked. Benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were not detected in 8 samples each.

"Not detected" means the lab's result was below what its method can measure, not that the compound is absent. Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.

Farm chemicals and metals

EPA's file holds results for 8 of the nine herbicides and metals it checked. Detected: atrazine in 19 of 48 samples, highest 2.52 µg/L (limit 3); barium in 8 of 8 samples, highest 200 µg/L (limit 2,000). Not detected: alachlor in 48 samples, chromium in 8 samples, cadmium in 8 samples, mercury in 8 samples, selenium in 8 samples, thallium in 8 samples.

Non-detects count as zero in the highest-result column.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, finished water.

Bacteria in the pipes

From 2012 to 2019, 0 of 1,924 routine total coliform samples taken in the distribution system at Piqua City tested positive (0%); in 2019, the last year on file, 0 of 240 did.

A positive coliform test is a warning sign, not a violation by itself. E. coli is a sign that human or animal waste may have reached the water. Coliform counts are routine samples only; E. coli counts include repeat samples.

Source: EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, distribution-system presence/absence tests for total coliform and E. coli.

Fluoride

The Ohio Department of Health's report to the CDC (My Water's Fluoride) says Piqua City adjusts the fluoride level to the recommended level for preventing tooth decay.

EPA's treatment table lists fluoridation among the steps at Piqua City.

Measured fluoride: 0.92 mg/L on average at the plant's entry points in 2019 (above the 0.7 mg/L level now recommended and well under the 4 mg/L limit); samples ran from 0.86 to 1.08 mg/L across 8 samples in 2012 to 2019.

The recommended level for preventing tooth decay is 0.7 mg/L; the federal limit is 4 mg/L. The treatment list is what each system registered with EPA and can lag a plant upgrade.

Source: CDC My Water's Fluoride (fluoridation status as reported by the Ohio Department of Health, fetched September 2026); EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) treatment table; EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, entry-point fluoride samples.

Lithium

Lithium was not detected in 4 UCMR 5 samples at Piqua City, last sampled in 2025 (the method reports from 9 µg/L).

Lithium is not regulated. EPA's draft health reference level is 10 µg/L, and it occurs naturally in deep groundwater, so well systems in the northwest run highest.

Source: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026), samples from 2023 to 2025.

Algal toxins

Ohio EPA tests for microcystin, a toxin that harmful algal blooms can release, in raw water at the intake and in treated water.

No microcystin was detected in the 50 raw-water samples.

Microcystin was never detected in treated water (284 samples).

In all, 334 samples from 2016 to 2026, the latest on August 25, 2026.

The ten-day advisory levels for treated water are 0.3 µg/L for children under six and 1.6 µg/L for everyone else. Any detection at the intake triggers more frequent testing until two clean weeks.

Source: Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring, 2016 to present (HAB data, fetched September 2026).

Water and sewer bills

Ohio EPA's 2023 rate survey puts the water bill at Piqua City for a household using 5,000 gallons a month at $838 a year, about $70 a month.

The survey lists it as “Piqua”. These are inside-city rates and annual bills at the use shown.

Source: Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State University, May 2025).

How well the service area is mapped

EPA estimated the service area of Piqua City with a computer model rather than drawing it from the utility's map, so its edges are approximate.

Counting the people who live in the ZIP codes it overlaps, this atlas estimates 20,150 residents are inside the boundary, 99% of the 20,354 people Piqua City reports serving.

The resident count is an estimate from 2020 Census ZIP-code populations, not a count of customers.

Source: EPA Service Area Boundaries; resident estimate by this atlas from ZIP-code overlap.