{ "type": "zip", "zip": "45404", "name": "Dayton", "usps_city": "Dayton", "county": { "name": "Montgomery", "slug": "montgomery", "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/montgomery/" }, "population": 10730, "center": { "lat": 39.7901, "lon": -84.1532 }, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/zip/45404/", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404", "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/zip/45404.json", "places": [ { "slug": "dayton", "name": "Dayton (city)", "share": 0.6352, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/place/dayton/" }, { "slug": "riverside", "name": "Riverside (city)", "share": 0.3648, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/place/riverside/" } ], "school_districts": [ { "irn": "043844", "name": "Dayton City", "share": 0.6377 }, { "irn": "048702", "name": "Mad River Local", "share": 0.3623 } ], "neighbors": [ "45324", "45402", "45403", "45405", "45414", "45424", "45431" ], "water": { "class": "c-gw", "headline": "Miami Well Field wells by the Great Miami River at Wagner Ford/Needmore Rd and Rip Rap Road Island, north Dayton", "treated_at": "Miami Water Treatment Plant (Miami Well Field)", "systems": [ { "pwsid": "OH5703512", "name": "Dayton Public Water System", "share": 0.6658, "buys_from": null, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH5703512/" }, { "pwsid": "OH5701315", "name": "Montgomery County Water Services 1", "share": 0.2246, "buys_from": "OH5703512", "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH5701315/" }, { "pwsid": "OH5701503", "name": "Montgomery County Water Services 2", "share": 0.0468, "buys_from": "OH5703512", "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH5701503/" } ] }, "facts": [ { "topic": "class", "text": "Where the water here comes from: Miami Well Field wells by the Great Miami River at Wagner Ford/Needmore Rd and Rip Rap Road Island, north Dayton.", "value": null, "unit": null, "percentile": null, "source": "EPA SDWIS", "source_url": "https://enviro.epa.gov/envirofacts/sdwis/search" }, { "topic": "historic", "text": "This ZIP has a lot of listed historic places: 3 on the National Register, more than 76% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 3, "unit": null, "percentile": 0.7968241042345277, "source": "National Register data", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/data-downloads.htm" }, { "topic": "lifeexp", "text": "Life expectancy runs low here: 69.8 years at birth, lower than 99% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 69.8, "unit": "years", "percentile": 0.0075, "source": "CDC USALEEP", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/usaleep/usaleep.html" }, { "topic": "env", "text": "This ZIP sits close to a federal Superfund site: the nearest is 0.0 miles away, closer than 96% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 0, "unit": "mi", "percentile": 0.016693811074918567, "source": "EPA Facility Registry", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/frs" }, { "topic": "svi", "text": "Social vulnerability runs high here: an average tract rank of 88 out of 100 on the CDC index, higher than 98% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 88.5, "unit": "percentile", "percentile": 0.9820846905537459, "source": "CDC/ATSDR SVI", "source_url": "https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/place-health/php/svi/index.html" }, { "topic": "ratings", "text": "The main school district here rates low: 2.0 stars on the Ohio Report Card, lower than 95% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 2, "unit": "stars", "percentile": 0.024509803921568627, "source": "Ohio school report cards", "source_url": "https://reportcard.education.ohio.gov/" }, { "topic": "crime", "text": "Violent crime runs high here: 13.5 offenses per 1,000 residents in 2024, more than 96% of Ohio ZIPs with a reporting agency.", "value": 13.5, "unit": "per 1,000 residents", "percentile": 0.9731132075471698, "source": "FBI Crime Data Explorer", "source_url": "https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/" }, { "topic": "groundwater", "text": "Groundwater here is more vulnerable than most: a DRASTIC index of 180, higher than 97% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 180, "unit": "index", "percentile": 0.9721984602224123, "source": "ODNR Geological Survey", "source_url": "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-odnr/geologic-survey" }, { "topic": "homeprices", "text": "Home prices have risen fast here: +143% over ten years, more than 96% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 143, "unit": "%", "percentile": 0.9629629629629629, "source": "FHFA house price index", "source_url": "https://www.fhfa.gov/data/hpi" }, { "topic": "aquifer", "text": "This ZIP sits over a sensitive aquifer setting: 100% of the land is in an Ohio EPA sensitive geologic setting, more than 90% of Ohio ZIPs.", "value": 100, "unit": "%", "percentile": 0.9545454545454546, "source": "Ohio EPA geology layers", "source_url": "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geology/Geology/MapServer" } ], "topics": { "class": { "label": "Where the water comes from", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Miami Well Field wells by the Great Miami River at Wagner Ford/Needmore Rd and Rip Rap Road Island, north Dayton", "detail": "Miami Water Treatment Plant (Miami Well Field) · Dayton Public Water System · +1 more", "bin": "c-gw", "bin_label": "Groundwater (wells)", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "U.S. EPA SDWIS and Community Water System Service Area Boundaries (v3, 2026), Ohio EPA primacy data, 2020 census blocks: the system serving most residents, traced through purchases to the treating utility; Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State, May 2025) for household bills; Ohio EPA DEFA loan awards since 2016 for the loans paragraph", "links": [ [ "EPA SDWIS", "https://enviro.epa.gov/envirofacts/sdwis/search" ], [ "EPA service area boundaries", "https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/community-water-system-service-area-boundaries" ], [ "Ohio EPA drinking water", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/drinking-and-ground-waters" ], [ "Ohio EPA rate survey", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/environmental-financial-assistance/reports-and-data/sewer-and-water-rate-survey" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/class/#class", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/class" }, "intake": { "label": "Intakes and plants", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Miami Well Field wells by the Great Miami River at Wagner Ford/Needmore Rd and Rip Rap Road Island, north Dayton", "detail": "Miami Water Treatment Plant (Miami Well Field) · Dayton Public Water System · +1 more", "bin": "c-gw", "bin_label": "Groundwater (wells)", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "U.S. EPA SDWIS and Community Water System Service Area Boundaries (v3, 2026), Ohio EPA primacy data, 2020 census blocks: the system serving most residents, traced through purchases to the treating utility; Ohio EPA 2023 Sewer and Water Rate Survey (Ohio State, May 2025) for household bills; Ohio EPA DEFA loan awards since 2016 for the loans paragraph", "links": [ [ "EPA SDWIS", "https://enviro.epa.gov/envirofacts/sdwis/search" ], [ "Ohio EPA source water protection", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/drinking-and-ground-waters/source-water-protection-and-underground-injection-control-%28UIC%29" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/intake/#intake", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/intake" }, "safety": { "label": "Violations", "chapter": "water", "lede": "No health-based violations since 2015", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System · lead 0 ppb (2023)", "bin": "w1", "bin_label": "No health-based violations since 2015", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.3630952380952381, "source": "EPA SDWIS (Envirofacts, pulled September 2026): health-based violations since 2015, all violations since 2020, lead and copper 90th-percentile results, for the system serving most of the ZIP", "links": [ [ "EPA SDWIS (Envirofacts)", "https://enviro.epa.gov/envirofacts/sdwis/search" ], [ "EPA ECHO", "https://echo.epa.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/safety/#safety", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/safety" }, "dbp": { "label": "Disinfection byproducts", "chapter": "water", "lede": "TTHM 23 µg/L (2019)", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System · HAA5 1 · worst year 25", "bin": "db2", "bin_label": "20 to 40", "value": 23.4, "percentile": 0.19328358208955224, "source": "EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019: total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids (HAA5) sampled in the distribution system, nitrate, arsenic, combined radium, gross alpha and uranium at entry points; yearly means by system, non-detects as zero; benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and vinyl chloride from the same files; atrazine, alachlor, 2,4-D, chromium, cadmium, barium, mercury, selenium and thallium likewise; total coliform and E. coli distribution samples from the same review (presence or absence)", "links": [], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/dbp/#dbp", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/dbp" }, "pfas": { "label": "PFAS", "chapter": "water", "lede": "PFAS detected below the federal limit", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System · Miami Water Treatment Plant (Miami Well Field) · UCMR 5, 9 samples · Ohio EPA 2021", "bin": "pa2", "bin_label": "Trace PFAS, under the federal limit", "value": 1, "percentile": 0.7008928571428571, "source": "EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data (final release, August 2026: 29 PFAS and lithium at 347 Ohio systems) and Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling 2019 to 2021 (1,479 systems), for the system serving most of each ZIP; Ohio EPA water treatment plant PFAS sampling status layer (DrinkingWater/PFAS_SAMPLING, samples through August 2026) and the AFFF firefighting foam inventory county summary; Ohio EPA large river PFAS survey (EnviroScience) stations; UCMR 5 lithium results for the same systems (EPA occurrence data, August 2026 release)", "links": [ [ "Ohio EPA PFAS", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/drinking-and-ground-waters/pfas" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/pfas/#pfas", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/pfas" }, "lead": { "label": "Lead", "chapter": "water", "lede": "No lead at the 90th-percentile tap", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System · period ending 2023-12 · 9,920 of 64,726 service lines lead or galvanized, 4 unknown", "bin": "w1", "bin_label": "No lead detected", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.23065476190476192, "source": "SDWIS lead and copper 90th-percentile tap results (Envirofacts) and EPA's service line inventory dashboard (2026 Q2 submissions), for the system serving most of each ZIP; Ohio Department of Health high-risk ZIP code list for childhood blood lead testing (as reproduced in the Cuyahoga County Board of Health questionnaire, October 2024); H2Ohio RCAP lead service line inventory assistance sites (Ohio EPA); Census ACS 2020-2024 B25034 housing age", "links": [ [ "ODH childhood lead testing", "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/childhood-lead-poisoning" ], [ "ODH high-risk ZIP list (CCBH PDF)", "https://ccbh.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Lead-questionnaire-and-high-risk-zip-codes.pdf" ], [ "Ohio EPA lead and copper", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/drinking-and-ground-waters/ddgw-programs/contaminant-monitoring/lead-and-copper/lead-and-copper" ], [ "H2Ohio", "https://h2.ohio.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/lead/#lead", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/lead" }, "fluoride": { "label": "Fluoride and treatment", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Fluoridated", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System · corrosion control, coagulation and settling, chlorine disinfection, lime softening", "bin": "fl1", "bin_label": "Fluoridated", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "CDC My Water's Fluoride (fluoridation status of each system as reported by the Ohio Department of Health, fetched 2026-09-10); SDWIS treatment table (Envirofacts): each system's registered treatment steps, inherited from the supplier for systems that buy their water; Ohio Department of Health county fluoridation profiles (DataOhio); EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring fluoride results by system, 2012 to 2019", "links": [ [ "EPA SDWIS search", "https://enviro.epa.gov/envirofacts/sdwis/search" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/fluoride/#fluoride", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/fluoride" }, "algae": { "label": "Algal toxins", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Monitored, none found", "detail": "Dayton Public Water System", "bin": "ab1", "bin_label": "Monitored, no microcystin found", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.07107843137254902, "source": "Ohio EPA public water system harmful algal bloom monitoring (geo.epa.ohio.gov DrinkingWater/HAB): microcystin results in raw and treated water since 2016 for surface-water systems, for the system serving most of each ZIP", "links": [ [ "Ohio EPA HAB information for public water systems", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/drinking-and-ground-waters/ddgw-programs/source-water-characterization-and-protection/harmful-algal-blooms" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/algae/#algae", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/algae" }, "groundwater": { "label": "Groundwater", "chapter": "water", "lede": "DRASTIC 180 · Sand and Gravel", "detail": "1,069 well logs · median 63 ft deep", "bin": "gw5", "bin_label": "160 and up", "value": 180, "percentile": 0.9721984602224123, "source": "ODNR Division of Geological Survey: DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability polygon at each ZIP's population center, mapped karst features, and the state water well log inventory (about 655,000 logs) counted inside each ZIP; ODNR glacial, bedrock and sole source aquifer maps (Ohio EPA hydro/Aquifers) at the population center; groundwater levels at the nearest active monitoring well from the USGS Water Data OGC API (ODNR and USGS observation wells, depth to water since 2015); Ohio EPA Urban Setting Designation areas; Ohio EPA Class V underground injection control wells by ZIP; Ohio EPA source water protection areas and inner management zones for public wells (DrinkingWater/SWAP), karst and spring points and sensitive geologic settings (geology/Geology); Ohio EPA DrinkingWater/Ambient_GW_Monitoring well locations and construction (392 active wells), nearest to the ZIP center; EPA EnviroAtlas nitrate violation index (modelled probability of a public-system nitrate violation) for the subwatershed", "links": [ [ "ODNR Geological Survey", "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-odnr/geologic-survey" ], [ "Ohio EPA GIS services", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services" ], [ "USGS water data", "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/groundwater/#groundwater", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/groundwater" }, "aquifer": { "label": "Aquifer", "chapter": "water", "lede": "100% sensitive geologic setting", "detail": "karst-prone bedrock at the center · 81% wellhead protection", "bin": "aq5", "bin_label": "85% or more", "value": 100, "percentile": 0.9545454545454546, "source": "Ohio EPA Sensitive Geologic Settings (geology/Geology layer 0) intersected with ZCTA polygons; ODNR karst geology at the ZIP center (layer 7, point query) and karst and spring points (layer 5); Ohio EPA source water protection areas (DrinkingWater/SWAP)", "links": [ [ "Ohio EPA geology layers", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geology/Geology/MapServer" ], [ "Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP)", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/DrinkingWater/SWAP/MapServer" ], [ "ODNR Geological Survey", "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-odnr/geologic-survey" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/aquifer/#aquifer", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/aquifer" }, "sewage": { "label": "Sewage plants", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Tri-Cities North Regional Ww Authority · 2.4 mi", "detail": "9 of 12 quarters in violation · significant noncompliance · 11.2 MGD", "bin": "sw4", "bin_label": "8 to 11 quarters", "value": 9, "percentile": 0.6498371335504886, "source": "EPA ECHO Clean Water Act facilities, Ohio NPDES permits with a publicly owned treatment works component, plants of 0.1 MGD or more or designated major: nearest plant, design flow, significant-noncompliance status, quarters in noncompliance, combined-sewer overflow flag; EPA ECHO combined sewer overflow inventory (1,426 Ohio outfalls) for the overflows within 3 miles; ECHO Clean Water Act permit holders other than sewage plants inside the ZIP (NPDES individual and general permits, pretreatment permits counted separately); Ohio EPA biosolids application fields (SurfaceWater/Biosolids) and MS4 regulated stormwater areas 2020 to 2030; Ohio EPA state revolving fund loans (DEFA project funding layer, awards through September 2026) and permitted biosolids generators; Ohio EPA section 208 facility planning areas and management agency prescriptions (Areawide_201_208); Ohio EPA SurfaceWater/MS4_RegulatedAreas layer 4 (2020-2030 municipal separate storm sewer areas), share of the ZIP inside; EPA Facility Finder state industrial stormwater permittees (Ohio, points inside the ZIP)", "links": [ [ "EPA ECHO", "https://echo.epa.gov/" ], [ "EPA CSO inventory", "https://echo.epa.gov/tools/data-downloads" ], [ "Ohio EPA GIS services", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services" ], [ "EPA Facility Finder", "https://services.arcgis.com/cJ9YHowT8TU7DUyn/arcgis/rest/services/Facility_Finder_State_Storm_Water/FeatureServer/0" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/sewage/#sewage", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/sewage" }, "streams": { "label": "Stream health", "chapter": "water", "lede": "49% of the land drains to streams failing aquatic life", "detail": "Poplar Creek-Great Miami River · bacteria (pathogens), PCBs", "bin": "at3", "bin_label": "A quarter to a half", "value": 0.489, "percentile": 0.2939739413680782, "source": "EPA ATTAINS, Ohio 2024 Integrated Report assessment units (1,545 watershed polygons) overlaid on ZCTAs in Albers equal-area with the Lake Erie units clipped out: share of land in units not supporting aquatic life, recreation, fish consumption and drinking-water uses, with causes; Ohio EPA sport fish consumption advisories (SurfaceWater/DSW_FA_Consumption_SPS_Public) for water bodies touching the ZIP; USGS preliminary county agricultural pesticide use estimates for 2018 (high estimate) for the county; USDA 2022 Census of Agriculture county totals (NASS Quick Stats bulk file); Ohio EPA aquatic life use assessments (Monitoring_EA3 layer 1: IBI, ICI, QHEI and attainment by station); Ohio EPA aquatic life use designations and antidegradation tiers (SurfaceWater/Beneficial_Uses); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service final critical habitat polygons intersecting the ZIP; Ohio EPA proposed 2026 antidegradation tiers (SurfaceWater/Antideg_Proposed_2026)", "links": [ [ "EPA ATTAINS", "https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/attains" ], [ "Ohio integrated report", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/surface-water/reports-data/ohio-integrated-water-quality-monitoring-and-assessment-report" ], [ "Ohio sport fish advisory", "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/ohio-sport-fish-consumption-advisory" ], [ "Ohio EPA advisory map", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/portal/apps/experiencebuilder/experience/?id=a4f8cf7e1a294951995f3f15df5978f1" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/streams/#streams", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/streams" }, "watershed": { "label": "Watershed", "chapter": "water", "lede": "Upper Great Miami, Indiana, Ohio subbasin", "detail": "City of Dayton-Mad River · drains to the ohio river", "bin": "c-ohio", "bin_label": "Drains to the Ohio River", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset: HUC-8 subbasins by resident share (2020 census blocks) and the HUC-12 subwatershed at each ZIP's population-weighted center with its downstream chain; USGS county water use 2015 (Dieter and others 2018) for the county water budget; ODNR H2Ohio project points (Office of Coastal Management service, 246 projects) and the Lake Erie Coastal Management Area boundary; Ohio EPA nine-element nonpoint source implementation plans by HUC12; Ohio EPA chloride reduction grant projects (H2Ohio and OWDA); Ohio EPA surface water source protection areas, emergency and corridor management zones, Lake Erie and Ohio River intake zones; Ohio EPA Section 319, GLRI and SWIF nonpoint source project points (Section 319 and GLRI through fiscal 2023, SWIF through 2017); NOAA CO-OPS monthly mean Lake Erie water levels at Toledo, Marblehead, Cleveland and Fairport Harbor (IGLD 1985, 1990 to 2026); EPA EnviroAtlas HUC12 metrics (Conservation Reserve acres, precipitation, water use, stream length, grain hectares, nitrogen deposition) for the population center's subwatershed; Ohio EPA 401 water quality certification map of nationwide permit eligibility (SurfaceWater/WQ_Cert_NationwidePermits_401, clipped to the ZIP)", "links": [ [ "USGS watershed boundaries", "https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/watershed-boundary-dataset" ], [ "EPA EnviroAtlas", "https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas" ], [ "Ohio EPA 401 map", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/SurfaceWater/WQ_Cert_NationwidePermits_401/MapServer" ], [ "USGS county water use 2015", "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5af3311be4b0da30c1b245d8" ], [ "ODNR H2Ohio projects", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OCM_Services/H2Ohio_Projects/MapServer/0" ], [ "ODNR Lake Erie Coastal Management Area", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OCM_Services/LakeErie_CMA/MapServer/0" ], [ "Ohio EPA source water protection (SWAP)", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/DrinkingWater/SWAP/MapServer" ], [ "Ohio EPA nine-element plans", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/SurfaceWater/NonPoint_Strategies/MapServer" ], [ "Ohio EPA 319, GLRI and SWIF project lists", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Hosted/DSW_319_Projects_(View)/FeatureServer/0" ], [ "Ohio EPA chloride reduction grants", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/SurfaceWater/Chloride_Reduction_Projects/MapServer/0" ], [ "NOAA Lake Erie water levels", "https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stations.html?type=Water+Levels®ion=Great+Lakes" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/watershed/#watershed", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/watershed" }, "housing": { "label": "Homes and income", "chapter": "home", "lede": "Median home $86,900", "detail": "household income $38,874 · rent $884 · 44% own", "bin": "k1", "bin_label": "Median home under $100,000", "value": 86900, "percentile": 0.051907719609582965, "source": "Census ACS 2020-2024 5-year by ZCTA: median home value, median gross rent, median household income, owner share, median year built; Eviction Lab tract estimates 2016 to 2018 (Gromis and others 2022), population-weighted to ZIPs; HUD fiscal 2026 Small Area Fair Market Rents by ZIP; IRS Statistics of Income ZIP data, tax year 2022; Mapping Inequality (University of Richmond) HOLC residential security maps 1935 to 1940, area shares by grade; HUD eGIS open data (LIHTC properties, HUD-assisted multifamily properties, public housing developments; September 2026) and FDIC BankFind branch locations, placed by coordinates; NCUA call report branch table (March 2026) by postal code; B25002 and B25004 vacancy, B25091 owner housing costs; B25034 year built, B25081 mortgages, B25014 crowding, B19001 income bins; B25075 value distribution, B19301 per capita income, B25039 year moved in, B25071 and B25092 housing cost shares, B08303 travel time", "links": [ [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ], [ "Eviction Lab", "https://evictionlab.org/" ], [ "HUD data", "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/pdrdatas_landing.html" ], [ "IRS ZIP statistics", "https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-individual-income-tax-statistics-zip-code-data-soi" ], [ "Mapping Inequality", "https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/" ], [ "HUD eGIS open data", "https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/" ], [ "FDIC BankFind", "https://banks.data.fdic.gov/bankfind-suite/" ], [ "NCUA call report data", "https://ncua.gov/analysis/credit-union-corporate-call-report-data" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/housing/#housing", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/housing" }, "houses": { "label": "House by house", "chapter": "home", "lede": "Median year built 1929", "detail": "3,404 homes · $49K median appraised", "bin": "yb1", "bin_label": "Before 1940", "value": 1929, "percentile": 0.14356435643564355, "source": "Residential parcels (Ohio land-use classes 500 to 599, apartments 401 to 403, farmhouses) placed in ZIPs by scripts/join_parcels.py on 2026-09-15, the houses loading on demand; county auditors' appraisal records, house by house (year built, living area, rooms, construction, values, sales and tax): Allen County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Ashland County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Auglaize County Auditor (as of 2026-01-28); Butler County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Champaign County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Clark County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Clinton County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Coshocton County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Crawford County Auditor (as of 2026-09-15); Fairfield County Auditor (as of 2026-08-20); Fayette County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Franklin County Auditor (as of 2026-08-15); Greene County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Guernsey County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Hardin County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Highland County Auditor (as of 2026-09-15); Hocking County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Holmes County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Jackson County Auditor (as of 2026-07-30); Knox County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Licking County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Logan County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Lorain County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Madison County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Marion County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Miami County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Montgomery County Auditor (as of 2026-08-31); Morrow County Auditor (as of 2026-09-12); Muskingum County Auditor (as of 2026-09-09); Perry County Auditor (as of 2026-09-10); Pickaway County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Richland County Auditor (as of 2021-02-08); Ross County Auditor (as of 2026-02-06); Stark County Auditor (as of 2026-09-14); Tuscarawas County Auditor (as of 2026-09-13); Union County Auditor (as of 2026-09-10); Wyandot County Auditor (as of 2023-08-09); OGRIP Ohio Statewide Parcels (Ohio Department of Administrative Services) for the 51 counties whose appraisal records are not in yet (Adams, Ashtabula, Athens, Belmont, Brown, Carroll, Clermont, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Darke, Defiance, Delaware, Erie, Fulton, Gallia, Geauga, Hamilton, Hancock, Harrison, Henry, Huron, Jefferson, Lake, Lawrence, Lucas, Mahoning, Medina, Meigs, Mercer, Monroe, Morgan, Noble, Ottawa, Paulding, Pike, Portage, Preble, Putnam, Sandusky, Scioto, Seneca, Shelby, Summit, Trumbull, Van Wert, Vinton, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Williams, Wood; county uploads 2023-05-08 to 2023-12-14): address, land-use class, lot size and parcel link; neighborhood boundaries: Allen County subdivision plats (county GIS \"Subdivision Book & Page\" polygons named from the auditor's legal descriptions); Athens County subdivisions, town plats and additions (Athens County Auditor GIS); Cincinnati Community Council Boundaries; Cincinnati Statistical Neighborhood Approximations (SNA), 2020; Clark County recorded subdivision plats; Clermont County recorded subdivision plats; Cleveland Heights neighborhoods; Cleveland Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs) / neighborhoods; Columbus Communities; Columbus Community Planning Areas; Coshocton County subdivisions (recorded plats and town additions); Dayton neighborhoods; Dublin Civic Associations; Dublin Neighborhoods (neighborhoods, HOAs and condominium associations); Fairfield County recorded subdivisions (plats); Franklin County recorded subdivision and condominium plats; Greene County recorded subdivision plats; Hamilton (Ohio) 17Strong neighborhoods; Lima neighborhood associations; Logan County subdivision and condominium plats; Lorain County recorded subdivision and condominium plats (Lorain County Auditor GIS); Madison County subdivisions (recorded plats); Morgan County subdivision, addition and town plats; Muskingum County subdivision plats; Perry County subdivisions and town additions (recorded plat names on the county engineer's parcels); Pickaway County subdivisions (parcel-based); Richland County subdivisions and condominiums (recorded plats, county GIS); Sandusky neighborhoods; Stark County recorded allotment (subdivision) and condominium plats; Toledo neighborhood associations; Toledo neighborhoods; Union County subdivision plats", "links": [ [ "Allen County Auditor", "https://gis.allencountyohio.com/GIS/downloads.html" ], [ "Ashland County Auditor", "https://auditor.ashlandcountyoh.us/" ], [ "Auglaize County Auditor", "https://auditoraccess.auglaizecounty.org/" ], [ "Butler County Auditor", "https://propertysearch.bcohio.gov/forms/htmlframe.aspx?mode=content/home.htm" ], [ "Champaign County Auditor", "https://auditor.co.champaign.oh.us/Posts?category=CAMA%20Data" ], [ "Clark County Auditor", "https://clarkcountyauditor.org/" ], [ "Clinton County Auditor", "https://clintoncountyauditor.org/property-data-download" ], [ "Coshocton County Auditor", "https://www.coshcoauditor.org/property-data-downloads" ], [ "Crawford County Auditor", "https://ccauditor.crawford-co.org/real-estate/" ], [ "Fairfield County Auditor", "https://www.co.fairfield.oh.us/gis/" ], [ "Fayette County Auditor", "https://www.fayettecountyauditor.org/data-download" ], [ "Franklin County Auditor", "https://auditor.franklincountyohio.gov/Auditor/FTP" ], [ "Greene County Auditor", "https://www.greenecountyohio.gov/366/Auditor" ], [ "Guernsey County Auditor", "https://guernseycounty.gov/geographic-information-system-gis/" ], [ "Hardin County Auditor", "https://hardincountyohio.gov/auditor-real-estate/" ], [ "Highland County Auditor", "https://highlandcountyauditor.org/" ], [ "Hocking County Auditor", "https://auditor.hocking.oh.gov/" ], [ "Holmes County Auditor", "https://www.holmescountyauditor.org/" ], [ "Jackson County Auditor", "https://jacksoncountyauditor.org/" ], [ "Knox County Auditor", "https://www.knoxcountyauditor.org/" ], [ "Licking County Auditor", "https://lickingcounty.gov/depts/auditor/default.htm" ], [ "Logan County Auditor", "https://realestate.logancountyohio.gov/additional-links-cama-and-tax-files" ], [ "Lorain County Auditor", "https://loraincountyauditor.gov/gis-tax-map" ], [ "Madison County Auditor", "https://auditor.co.madison.oh.us/Posts?category=Data%20Downloads" ], [ "Marion County Auditor", "https://co.marion.oh.us/elected_offices/auditor/index.php" ], [ "Miami County Auditor", "https://www.miamicountyohioauditor.gov/" ], [ "Montgomery County Auditor", "https://go.mcohio.org/applications/treasurer/search/filedownloads.cfm" ], [ "Morrow County Auditor", "https://morrowcountyohio.gov/gis/" ], [ "Muskingum County Auditor", "https://muskingum-county-gis-muskcogis.hub.arcgis.com" ], [ "Perry County Auditor", "https://auditor.perrycountyohio.gov/" ], [ "Pickaway County Auditor", "https://pickawayopendata-pickaway-gis.opendata.arcgis.com/" ], [ "Richland County Auditor", "https://www.richlandcountyoh.gov/departments/auditor/camadata" ], [ "Ross County Auditor", "https://auditor.rosscountyohio.gov/" ], [ "Stark County Auditor", "https://www.starkcountyohio.gov/government/offices/auditor/index.php" ], [ "Tuscarawas County Auditor", "https://auditor.co.tuscarawas.oh.us/" ], [ "Union County Auditor", "https://www.unioncountyohio.gov/property-search-tools" ], [ "Wyandot County Auditor", "https://www.co.wyandot.oh.us/224/Tax-Map-Department" ], [ "OGRIP Ohio Statewide Parcels", "https://gis1.oit.ohio.gov/geodatadownload/" ], [ "Athens County subdivisions, town plats and additions (Athens County Auditor GIS)", "https://gis.data.athensoh.org/" ], [ "Cincinnati Community Council Boundaries", "https://data.cagis.org/datasets/cagis::cincinnati-community-council-boundaries-open-data" ], [ "Cincinnati Statistical Neighborhood Approximations (SNA), 2020", "https://data.cagis.org/datasets/cagis::cincinnati-statistical-neighborhood-approximations-2020-open-data" ], [ "Clark County recorded subdivision plats", "https://clarkcounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/AttachmentViewer/index.html?appid=a6145fce90d94a19ae577cae94531d9c" ], [ "Clermont County recorded subdivision plats", "https://clermontauditor.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=1d44214914864f66a3d48ce5809f539f" ], [ "Cleveland Heights neighborhoods", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=e575f0b74e654cf5b6783ab10ab3e686" ], [ "Cleveland Statistical Planning Areas (SPAs) / neighborhoods", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f5f33bd5b74849798ea6a7bca6d1a5f9" ], [ "Columbus Communities", "https://opendata.columbus.gov/datasets/columbus::columbus-communities" ], [ "Columbus Community Planning Areas", "https://opendata.columbus.gov/datasets/columbus::community-planning-areas" ], [ "Coshocton County subdivisions (recorded plats and town additions)", "https://www.coshoctoncounty.net/taxmap/gis-downloads/" ], [ "Dayton neighborhoods", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fd3ba401ab5b4a7faa5d4ac5d68c6055" ], [ "Dublin Civic Associations", "https://data-dublinohio.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/neighborhoods-1" ], [ "Franklin County recorded subdivision and condominium plats", "https://apps.franklincountyauditor.com/GIS_Shapefiles/CurrentExtracts/" ], [ "Hamilton (Ohio) 17Strong neighborhoods", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d2b014949c734df7bb7a0aee68536985" ], [ "Lima neighborhood associations", "https://www.limaohio.gov/304/View-City-Maps" ], [ "Logan County subdivision and condominium plats", "https://loganco.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=1ad72f1f6ccf4be1964f278ee37f741a" ], [ "Madison County subdivisions (recorded plats)", "https://madison-county-gis-data-download-madcoengineer.hub.arcgis.com/" ], [ "Morgan County subdivision, addition and town plats", "https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/fc61d1b0683f4a0b8ada90a208846c24" ], [ "Muskingum County subdivision plats", "https://muskingum-county-gis-muskcogis.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/muskcogis::subdivisions" ], [ "Perry County subdivisions and town additions (recorded plat names on the county engineer's parcels)", "https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/b72fa3d00bd443608b6c9f2e44404e56/" ], [ "Richland County subdivisions and condominiums (recorded plats, county GIS)", "https://rcengineer.com/tax-map-office/" ], [ "Sandusky neighborhoods", "https://ecgisab.maps.arcgis.com/apps/View/index.html?appid=8dbecfaf0fc84c45bef97819fab2ca6b" ], [ "Stark County recorded allotment (subdivision) and condominium plats", "https://abstractorresources-starkcountyohio.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/starkcountyohio::plat-index-1" ], [ "Toledo neighborhood associations", "https://data.toledo.gov/" ], [ "Union County subdivision plats", "https://www8.co.union.oh.us/mapunionoh/home/index.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/houses/#houses", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/houses" }, "permits": { "label": "Building permits", "chapter": "home", "lede": "1,431 housing units permitted 2016 to 2025", "detail": "Dayton · 10.2 per 1,000 residents · 174 in 2025", "bin": "bp2", "bin_label": "5 to 15", "value": 10.2, "percentile": 0.3956937799043062, "source": "Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2016 to 2025: new privately owned housing units, buildings and construction value authorized by each Ohio permit office, given to each ZIP through the jurisdiction where most of its residents live; every permit on every house, house by house, from 20 open sources (306 ZIPs; the ledgers load on demand): Columbus (2016 to 2026-09, ArcGIS FeatureServer / opendata.columbus.gov); Cleveland (2016 to 2026-09, ArcGIS FeatureServer); Cincinnati (2016 to 2026-09, Socrata open data); Dayton (2016 to 2026-09, Accela Citizen Access (General Search, no login) plus, where fetched, the per-permit CapDetail.aspx page); Clermont County (EnerGov) (2016 to 2026-09, Tyler EnerGov Citizen Self Service (CSS) search API); Summit County Fiscal Office CAMA permit table (2016 to 2026-08, file (Drupal \"Data Downloads\" library, CAMA table export set shared with Richland County)); Kettering (regional building department) (2016 to 2026-09, Accela Citizen Access, unauthenticated General Search (HTML grid, no API/export) plus, where fetched, the per-permit CapDetail.aspx page); Delaware County (2022 to 2026-08, Yearly XLSX reports); Medina County (2016 to 2026-09, Own PHP permit-search website (form POST + session-cookie GET, no CSV/export)); Worthington (EnerGov) (2016 to 2026-09, Tyler EnerGov Citizen Self Service (CSS) search API); Xenia (2016 to 2026-09, ArcGIS Enterprise FeatureServer -- the city's own permit-application system of record, not a GIS export of a separate permitting system); Union County (2024 to 2026-08, Monthly XLSX reports); Richland County Auditor (2016 to 2026-08, flat-file CAMA table export on a public Google Drive folder (no API, no login)); Westerville (2016 to 2026-09, ArcGIS FeatureServer (Cityworks transparency layers)); Champaign County (2025 to 2026-08, Monthly PDF reports on the county's own website (an old fixed-width mainframe report, one file per month, indexed at .../Building-Regulations/Permits/permits.html)); Fulton County (2016 to 2026-09, ArcGIS FeatureServer (Fulton County Engineer's office ArcGIS Online org, public, no login)); Springboro (2025 to 2026-07, CivicPlus Archive Center (monthly PDF reports)); Mansfield, Accela Citizen Access (2025 to 2026-09, Accela Citizen Access (ASP.NET WebForms General Search; no login, no published API)); Oxford (2024 to 2026-07, Monthly XLSX reports); Pickaway County (2026 to 2026-08, Monthly report PDF, self-overwriting (no year anywhere in the filename or URL))", "links": [ [ "Census building permits", "https://www.census.gov/construction/bps/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/permits/#permits", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/permits" }, "homeprices": { "label": "Home prices", "chapter": "home", "lede": "+143% in ten years", "detail": "+56% in five · +2% in 2025", "bin": "hv4", "bin_label": "100 to 150%", "value": 143, "percentile": 0.9629629629629629, "source": "FHFA House Price Index, annual five-digit ZIP all-transactions series (repeat sales and refinance appraisals of conforming-mortgage homes, developmental, not seasonally adjusted): ten-, five- and one-year changes and the level against 2000; Zillow Home Value Index and Observed Rent Index by ZIP (Zillow Research), latest month; Realtor.com residential listing metrics by ZIP (latest month)", "links": [ [ "FHFA house price index", "https://www.fhfa.gov/data/hpi" ], [ "Zillow research data", "https://www.zillow.com/research/data/" ], [ "Realtor.com data", "https://www.realtor.com/research/data/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/homeprices/#homeprices", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/homeprices" }, "tax": { "label": "School tax", "chapter": "home", "lede": "34.5 effective school mills", "detail": "Dayton City · about $2,413 a year on a $200,000 home", "bin": "x4", "bin_label": "30 to 40 mills", "value": 34.47, "percentile": 0.8436482084690554, "source": "Ohio Department of Taxation, Aggregate Property Tax Rates by School District, tax year 2025 (DTE 515), joined by IRN and weighted by each ZIP's residents in every district; school levies only; Ohio Department of Taxation The Finder rate tables (municipal income tax by place code, school district income tax by IRN, combined sales tax by ZIP), September 2026", "links": [ [ "Ohio tax data series", "https://tax.ohio.gov/researcher/tax-analysis/tax-data-series" ], [ "The Finder", "https://thefinder.tax.ohio.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/tax/#tax", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/tax" }, "electric": { "label": "Electric", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "AES Ohio", "detail": "Investor-owned utility", "bin": "e-aes", "bin_label": "AES Ohio", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "PUCO certified electric territories via ODOT plus HIFLD municipal systems (EIA-861) with ODOT corporate limits; EIA-861 reliability (outages), sales to ultimate customers (residential prices and bills), net metering and advanced meters by utility, 2024 with 2023 where a utility skipped a year; DOE LEAD Tool 2022 household energy burden by tract, apportioned into ZIPs by block population", "links": [ [ "PUCO electricity", "https://puco.ohio.gov/utilities/electricity" ], [ "ODOT territories service", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/ags/rest/services/Boundaries/PUCO_Electric_Service_Areas/MapServer/0" ], [ "EIA-861", "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/" ], [ "DOE LEAD Tool", "https://data.openei.org/submissions/6219" ], [ "HIFLD retail service territories", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/electric/#electric", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/electric" }, "gas": { "label": "Gas", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "CenterPoint Energy Ohio", "detail": "PUCO-regulated utility · 68% of homes heat with utility gas", "bin": "g-ceo", "bin_label": "CenterPoint Energy Ohio", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "PUCO 2026 county map of gas distribution companies, HIFLD/EIA-176 territory polygons, ACS 2020-2024 heating fuel", "links": [ [ "PUCO natural gas", "https://puco.ohio.gov/utilities/natural-gas" ], [ "HIFLD", "https://hifld-geoplatform.hub.arcgis.com/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/gas/#gas", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/gas" }, "power": { "label": "Power plants", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "Tait Electric Generating Station · 5.1 mi", "detail": "gas, 607 MW · 2 plants within 10 miles", "bin": "pw2", "bin_label": "5 to 10 miles", "value": 5.1, "percentile": 0.08061889250814332, "source": "EIA-860 power plant inventory via HIFLD (202 Ohio plants, February 2025): nearest plant, nearest plant of 100 MW or more, plants and capacity by fuel within 10 miles; USGS U.S. Wind Turbine Database (June 2026) and U.S. Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database (April 2026) for wind and solar farms within 15 miles; NRC emergency planning zones (10-mile plume exposure, 50-mile ingestion pathway) around Perry and Davis-Besse", "links": [ [ "EIA-860", "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/" ], [ "HIFLD", "https://hifld-geoplatform.hub.arcgis.com/" ], [ "USGS wind turbines", "https://energy.usgs.gov/uswtdb/" ], [ "USGS solar", "https://energy.usgs.gov/uspvdb/" ], [ "NRC emergency planning zones", "https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness/about-emerg-preparedness/planning-zones.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/power/#power", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/power" }, "pipelines": { "label": "Pipelines", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "Nearest transmission line 10.6 mi", "detail": "Rockies Express Pipeline (interstate)", "bin": "pl5", "bin_label": "10 miles or more", "value": 10.6, "percentile": 0.9153094462540716, "source": "EIA natural gas interstate and intrastate transmission pipelines via Esri's Federal User Community copy on ArcGIS Online (data last updated July 2025; 1,239 segments in and around Ohio): miles inside each ZIP by operator, distance from the population-weighted center to the nearest operating line", "links": [ [ "EIA U.S. Energy Atlas", "https://atlas.eia.gov/datasets/eia::natural-gas-interstate-and-intrastate-pipelines" ], [ "ArcGIS Online item", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9833ca6c8103490b8ad145a30f0522ee" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/pipelines/#pipelines", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/pipelines" }, "phone": { "label": "Phone", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "AT&T Ohio", "detail": "Incumbent telephone company", "bin": "t-att", "bin_label": "AT&T Ohio", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "PUCO Telecom map service, layer 7 ILEC Company Service Area (incumbent local exchange carriers, fetched 2026-09-08) by resident share of 2020 census blocks", "links": [ [ "PUCO telephone", "https://puco.ohio.gov/utilities/telephone" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/phone/#phone", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/phone" }, "broadband": { "label": "Internet", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "100% can get 100/20 Mbps", "detail": "fiber 39% · cable 99% · 4,834 locations", "bin": "b1", "bin_label": "Under 2% lack 100/20 service", "value": 0.0010000000000000009, "percentile": 0.2563559322033898, "source": "FCC Broadband Data Collection, June 2024, fixed availability by H3 hexagon (Esri Living Atlas, Ohio subset); Census ACS 2020-2024 table B28002 internet subscriptions; Ookla Open Data fixed speed tests 2025 Q2 by tile, averaged inside the ZIP", "links": [ [ "FCC broadband map", "https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/" ], [ "Ookla open data", "https://github.com/teamookla/ookla-open-data" ], [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/broadband/#broadband", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/broadband" }, "mobile": { "label": "Cell signal", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "5G on 100% of the land", "detail": "4G or better 100% · AT&T 100% · T-Mobile 100% · Verizon 100%", "bin": "m5", "bin_label": "5G nearly everywhere", "value": 1, "percentile": 0.7678424938474159, "source": "FCC Mobile Broadband Data Collection, carrier-reported 4G LTE and 5G coverage by H3 hexagon (Esri Living Atlas layer last updated 24 November 2025, June 30, 2025 filing round), fetched 2026-09-08; FCC Antenna Structure Registration database (September 2026), Ohio structures with granted or constructed status, placed by their registered coordinates; Ookla open data mobile speed-test tiles, April to June 2026, averaged over the ZIP weighted by tests", "links": [ [ "FCC broadband map", "https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/" ], [ "FCC antenna registration", "https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/support/antenna-structure-registration-asr-resources" ], [ "Ookla open data", "https://github.com/teamookla/ookla-open-data" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/mobile/#mobile", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/mobile" }, "chargers": { "label": "EV chargers", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "Fast charger 1.8 mi: Ohio Electric Services - DCFC", "detail": "2 public stations in the ZIP (12 Level 2, 2 DC fast ports) · 55 within 5 miles of its center", "bin": "q1", "bin_label": "DC fast charger under 2 miles", "value": 1.8, "percentile": 0.17060260586319217, "source": "NREL Alternative Fuels Data Center station list as of May 29, 2026 (USDOT BTS copy: 2,136 Ohio electric stations, of which the 1,850 public and open are used, NREL restricted-access records such as dealer-service and hotel-guest chargers excluded, merged into 1,395 sites because NREL lists each post at a site as its own record; the distances and the 5-mile counts also see 1,566 public open stations in PA, WV, KY, IN and MI near the border); straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "Alternative Fuels Data Center", "https://afdc.energy.gov/stations" ], [ "BTS Alternative Fueling Stations (NTAD)", "https://geodata.bts.gov/datasets/usdot::alternative-fueling-stations" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/chargers/#chargers", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/chargers" }, "transit": { "label": "Transit", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "97% within half a mile of a stop", "detail": "118 stops in the ZIP · Dayton RTA", "bin": "tt5", "bin_label": "75% or more live within half a mile of a stop", "value": 0.9712, "percentile": 0.9055374592833876, "source": "USDOT BTS National Transit Map stops (National Transportation Atlas Database, 2025 vintage, fetched September 2026), plus the Springfield, Lancaster-Fairfield, Knox County Transit, WayGo and BGSU Shuttle GTFS feeds: share of residents whose census block center is within half a mile of a stop", "links": [ [ "BTS National Transit Map", "https://www.bts.gov/national-transit-map" ], [ "BTS transportation atlas", "https://www.bts.gov/ntad" ], [ "Springfield City Area Transit GTFS feed", "https://rapid.nationalrtap.org/GTFSFileManagement/UserUploadFiles/11869/SCAT_GTFS.zip" ], [ "Lancaster-Fairfield Public Transit GTFS feed", "https://www.co.fairfield.oh.us/transit/FCT-oh-us.zip" ], [ "Knox County Transit GTFS feed", "https://knoxcountytransit.com/content/uploads/2026/02/kct-gtfs.zip" ], [ "WayGo GTFS feed", "https://rapid.nationalrtap.org/GTFSFileManagement/UserUploadFiles/13597/WayGo_OH_GTFS.zip" ], [ "BGSU Shuttle GTFS feed", "https://bgsu.tripshot.com/v1/gtfs.zip" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/transit/#transit", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/transit" }, "walk": { "label": "Walkability", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "Walkability 12.8 of 20", "detail": "65 intersections per square mile · 100% near transit", "bin": "wk3", "bin_label": "Above average (10.51 to 15.25)", "value": 12.8, "percentile": 0.9527687296416938, "source": "EPA National Walkability Index (Smart Location Database 3.0, 2021) by block group, population-weighted to ZIPs through 2020 census block points", "links": [ [ "EPA walkability index", "https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/national-walkability-index-user-guide-and-methodology" ], [ "Smart Location Database", "https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/smart-location-mapping" ], [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/walk/#walk", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/walk" }, "rail": { "label": "Rail crossings", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "3 public crossings", "detail": "3 gated · up to 22 trains a day · CSX", "bin": "rx2", "bin_label": "1 to 3 crossings", "value": 3, "percentile": 0.6140065146579805, "source": "FRA Grade Crossing Inventory (current records, Ohio): open at-grade crossings inside each ZIP, gates, trains a day at the busiest, timetable speed, railroads; nearest crossing to the population-weighted center; FRA highway-rail grade crossing incident reports (Form 57) since 2010, placed by crossing id; FRA rail equipment accident reports (Form 54) since 2010 by coordinates", "links": [ [ "FRA crossing inventory (Form 71, current)", "https://data.transportation.gov/Railroads/Crossing-Inventory-Data-Form-71-Current/m2f8-22s6" ], [ "FRA crossing incidents (Form 57)", "https://data.transportation.gov/Railroads/Highway-Rail-Grade-Crossing-Accident-Data/7wn6-i5b9" ], [ "FRA rail equipment accidents (Form 54)", "https://data.transportation.gov/Railroads/Rail-Equipment-Accident-Incident-Data/85tf-25kj" ], [ "FRA safety data", "https://railroads.dot.gov/safety-data" ], [ "DOT open data", "https://data.transportation.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/rail/#rail", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/rail" }, "bridges": { "label": "Bridges", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "22 bridges, 0 rated poor", "detail": "typical build year 1961 · busiest IR-75, 112,195 vehicles a day", "bin": "br1", "bin_label": "No bridge rated poor", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.2154006243496358, "source": "FHWA National Bridge Inventory 2025 (26,713 Ohio structures): bridges inside each ZIP, poor-condition ratings, ages, traffic", "links": [ [ "FHWA bridge inventory", "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/ascii.cfm" ], [ "ODOT TIMS bridge inventory (live)", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/ags/rest/services/Assets/Bridge_Inventory/MapServer/0" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/bridges/#bridges", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/bridges" }, "traffic": { "label": "Traffic", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "113,066 vehicles a day on I-75", "detail": "15,716 trucks · 552K vehicle-miles a day inside the ZIP", "bin": "tf5", "bin_label": "100,000 or more", "value": 113066, "percentile": 0.921681780708986, "source": "ODOT traffic count segments (2025 annual average daily traffic by road segment, ODOT Transportation Information Mapping System): segments assigned to the ZIP holding their midpoint; NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System 2020 to 2024, crashes placed in the ZCTA holding their coordinates", "links": [ [ "ODOT TIMS traffic count segments", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/ags/rest/services/Roadway_Information/Traffic_Count_Segments/MapServer/0" ], [ "NHTSA FARS", "https://www.nhtsa.gov/research-data/fatality-analysis-reporting-system-fars" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/traffic/#traffic", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/traffic" }, "travel": { "label": "Airports and Amtrak", "chapter": "utilities", "lede": "DAY · 8.5 mi", "detail": "James M Cox Dayton International · Amtrak at Cincinnati 51.1 mi", "bin": "av1", "bin_label": "Airline airport under 15 miles", "value": 8.5, "percentile": 0.08876221498371335, "source": "FAA airport facilities and Amtrak stations via USDOT BTS: nearest airport with scheduled airline service (Part 139 class I), nearest public-use airport, nearest Amtrak station, including out-of-state ones near the border", "links": [ [ "BTS transportation atlas", "https://www.bts.gov/ntad" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/travel/#travel", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/travel" }, "radon": { "label": "Radon", "chapter": "land", "lede": "5.5 pCi/L average radon", "detail": "184 tests · 42% above 4 pCi/L · median 3.3", "bin": "r3", "bin_label": "4 to 8 pCi/L", "value": 5.54, "percentile": 0.6955128205128205, "source": "Ohio Department of Health radon test results by ZIP code since 2010 (pre-mitigation), ZIPs with five or more tests", "links": [ [ "ODH radon program", "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/radon-education-and-licensing-program" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/radon/#radon", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/radon" }, "flood": { "label": "Flood", "chapter": "land", "lede": "1.0% of residents in the 1% floodplain", "detail": "26% of the land is floodplain, 13% more in the 0.2% zone · zone X (0.2%)", "bin": "f1", "bin_label": "Under 2% of residents", "value": 0.0103, "percentile": 0.3985690235690236, "source": "FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer, flood hazard zones, fetched 2026-09-08; OpenFEMA NFIP redacted claims for Ohio (frozen June 2026), by reported ZIP; USGS NWIS annual peak flows for the nearest active stream gauge; NOAA Atlas 14 precipitation frequency estimates (partial duration series) at the ZIP center; OpenFEMA NFIP policies in force by reported ZIP (OpenFEMA NfipPolicies v3, policies in force as of September 2026); FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer levee centerlines and floodwalls; FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer flood hazard zone boundaries, generalized to about 44 m, drawn as a map overlay; OpenFEMA NFIP Community Status Book (participation, sanctions, Community Rating System class)", "links": [ [ "FEMA flood hazard layer", "https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/national-flood-hazard-layer" ], [ "FEMA Map Service Center", "https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home" ], [ "OpenFEMA", "https://www.fema.gov/about/openfema/data-sets" ], [ "NOAA Atlas 14", "https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/pfds/" ], [ "USGS stream gauges", "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/flood/#flood", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/flood" }, "hazards": { "label": "Hazard risk", "chapter": "land", "lede": "Risk score 58 · higher than about 58% of US tracts", "detail": "Ice storm 82 · Inland flooding 78", "bin": "z3", "bin_label": "40 to 60", "value": 58, "percentile": 0.7719869706840391, "source": "FEMA National Risk Index, census tracts, December 2025 release, population-weighted to ZIPs", "links": [ [ "FEMA National Risk Index", "https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/products-tools/national-risk-index" ], [ "NRI census tract layer (ArcGIS)", "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9da4eeb936544335a6db0cd7a8448a51" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/hazards/#hazards", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/hazards" }, "climate": { "label": "Climate", "chapter": "land", "lede": "12\" of snow a year · 53.3°F average", "detail": "January low 20° · July high 87° · 42\" of precipitation", "bin": "c1", "bin_label": "Under 20 inches of snow a year", "value": 12.3, "percentile": 0.09201954397394137, "source": "NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals, annual and monthly, 261 Ohio stations; each ZIP takes the nearest station reporting each element from its population-weighted center; U.S. Drought Monitor weekly county statistics 2000 to 2026 (usdmdataservices.unl.edu); NOAA nClimDiv county monthly temperature and precipitation 1895 to 2026 (climdiv-tmpccy and climdiv-pcpncy, September 2026 release)", "links": [ [ "NOAA climate normals", "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/us-climate-normals" ], [ "NOAA climate at a glance", "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/" ], [ "U.S. Drought Monitor", "https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/climate/#climate", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/climate" }, "air": { "label": "Air", "chapter": "land", "lede": "PM2.5 8.7 µg/m³ at Sinclair, 3.1 mi", "detail": "ozone 69 ppb at Eastwood · Montgomery County median AQI 46", "bin": "a3", "bin_label": "8.5 to 9", "value": 8.7, "percentile": 0.46661237785016285, "source": "EPA Air Quality System 2025 annual summaries: nearest PM2.5 and ozone monitors from each ZIP's population-weighted center, county AQI day counts; EPA ECHO Clean Air Act permitted sources in Ohio (air_rest_services, September 2026); EPA Green Book county nonattainment and maintenance status (nayro.xls, September 2026); EPA daily county AQI file for 2026 (January to 2026-05-31)", "links": [ [ "EPA air data files", "https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html" ], [ "EPA AirToxScreen", "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen" ], [ "EPA Green Book", "https://www.epa.gov/green-book" ], [ "EPA ECHO", "https://echo.epa.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/air/#air", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/air" }, "env": { "label": "Toxic sites", "chapter": "land", "lede": "3 Superfund NPL sites in this ZIP", "detail": "27 toxic-release reporters · 13 Superfund program sites in the ZIP", "bin": "v1", "bin_label": "A Superfund NPL site inside the ZIP", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.016693811074918567, "source": "EPA Facility Registry Service: Superfund NPL and SEMS sites, Toxics Release Inventory reporters (EPA geoplatform), fetched 2026-09-08; the nearest NPL site also considers sites in PA, WV, KY, IN and MI within about 20 miles of the border (pulled 2026-09-11); FRS Ohio state file for brownfields (ACRES), hazardous-waste handlers (RCRAInfo), air and water discharge permits; Ohio EPA landfill inventory (Hosted/Landfills) and DERR cleanup sites for the nearest landfill and the state cleanup sites; Ohio EPA Voluntary Action Program covenants not to sue, environmental covenants and institutional controls (LandUse/DERR_CNS); Ohio EPA licensed solid waste facilities (WasteMgmt/DMWM layer 0); EPA ECHO RCRA hazardous waste handlers with compliance history (rcra_rest_services, September 2026); Ohio EPA hosted layers Scrap_Tire_Drop_Off_Sites (129) and Battery_Drop_off_Sites (275), nearest to the ZIP center; EPA UST Finder (state underground storage tank and leaking-tank release records as of 2018-2019), points inside the ZIP", "links": [ [ "EPA Facility Registry", "https://www.epa.gov/frs" ], [ "EPA Superfund sites", "https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live" ], [ "Ohio EPA cleanup sites", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/environmental-response-revitalization" ], [ "EPA UST Finder", "https://www.epa.gov/ust/ust-finder" ], [ "EPA ECHO", "https://echo.epa.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/env/#env", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/env" }, "tri": { "label": "Toxic releases", "chapter": "land", "lede": "199 lb released on site in 2024", "detail": "4 facilities · Hohman Plating & Manufacturing Inc · 64 lb to water", "bin": "tr2", "bin_label": "Under 1,000 lb a year", "value": 199, "percentile": 0.3378048780487805, "source": "EPA Toxics Release Inventory basic data files, Ohio, reporting years 2020 to 2024 (2024 shown, 2020 for the trend); facilities placed in the ZCTA holding their coordinates; dioxin rows reported in grams left out of pound totals", "links": [ [ "EPA TRI data files", "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/tri/#tri", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/tri" }, "dams": { "label": "Dams", "chapter": "land", "lede": "6 high-hazard dams within 10 miles", "detail": "Nearest: Huffman Dam, 3.7 mi, condition fair", "bin": "da4", "bin_label": "6 to 10", "value": 6, "percentile": 0.8310260586319218, "source": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams (1,376 Ohio dams, August 2026; 26 Corps levees and dikes counted with their parent dam): high-hazard dams near each ZIP's population-weighted center, with the state's condition assessment", "links": [ [ "National Inventory of Dams", "https://nid.sec.usace.army.mil/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/dams/#dams", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/dams" }, "disasters": { "label": "Disasters", "chapter": "land", "lede": "7 tornado tracks within 5 miles since 1950", "detail": "3 rated F2/EF2+ · 16 federal declarations for Montgomery County · 1 quake M2+ within 25 mi", "bin": "ds4", "bin_label": "6 to 10", "value": 7, "percentile": 0.8566775244299675, "source": "NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database 1950-2025 (tracks within 5 miles of each ZIP's population-weighted center), OpenFEMA disaster declarations by county since 1956, USGS earthquake catalog M2+ since 1970 within 25 miles; NOAA Storm Events database 2016 to 2026, county-based reports (hail, wind, flooding, lightning) by county; National Weather Service watches, warnings and advisories by county since 2015 from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet VTEC archive; OpenFEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance projects and mitigated properties (v4 API, September 2026); OpenFEMA housing assistance registrations by ZIP (owners and renters, v2)", "links": [ [ "NOAA SPC tornado data", "https://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/" ], [ "OpenFEMA", "https://www.fema.gov/about/openfema/data-sets" ], [ "USGS earthquakes", "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/" ], [ "NOAA storm events", "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/" ], [ "IEM warning archive", "https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/disasters/#disasters", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/disasters" }, "spills": { "label": "Spills", "chapter": "land", "lede": "29 spills reported since 2021", "detail": "mostly diesel and fuel oil · 6 reached water", "bin": "sl4", "bin_label": "15 to 39", "value": 29, "percentile": 0.9342532467532467, "source": "Ohio EPA emergency response spill reports (geo.epa.ohio.gov EmergResponse/Spills2_OpenData): cases with a location inside each ZIP, 2021 to date", "links": [ [ "Ohio EPA spills data", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/EmergResponse/Spills2_OpenData/MapServer" ], [ "Ohio EPA Office of Emergency Response", "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/emergency-response/office-of-emergency-response" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/spills/#spills", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/spills" }, "ogwells": { "label": "Oil and gas wells", "chapter": "land", "lede": "0 wells in the ZIP", "detail": "0 producing · 0 shale · 0 orphan · nearest 1.02 mi", "bin": "og1", "bin_label": "No oil or gas well in the ZIP", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.11400651465798045, "source": "ODNR Division of Oil and Gas Resources public well inventory (242,324 well heads, fetched 2026-09-08): wells inside each ZIP by status, horizontal shale wells, injection wells, orphan-program wells", "links": [ [ "ODNR oil and gas", "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-odnr/oil-gas" ], [ "ODNR GIS services", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/ogwells/#ogwells", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/ogwells" }, "mines": { "label": "Abandoned mines", "chapter": "land", "lede": "No mapped mine", "detail": "nearest 21.1 mi", "bin": "mn1", "bin_label": "No mapped underground mine", "value": 0, "percentile": 0.3925081433224756, "source": "ODNR Mines of Ohio: abandoned underground coal and industrial-mineral mines mapped before 1977 (5,116 polygons), overlaid on ZCTA land in Albers equal-area; ODNR Division of Geological Survey industrial minerals locations, 2015 (active quarries, sand and gravel pits, clay and salt operations, and surface and underground coal mines)", "links": [ [ "ODNR mines of Ohio", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services/MRM_Services/MinesOfOhio/MapServer" ], [ "ODNR Geological Survey", "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-odnr/geologic-survey" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/mines/#mines", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/mines" }, "soils": { "label": "Soils", "chapter": "land", "lede": "Fox-Urban land complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes", "detail": "septic very limited · well drained", "bin": "so3", "bin_label": "Very limited", "value": 1, "percentile": 0.5673339399454049, "source": "USDA NRCS SSURGO via Soil Data Access: the soil map unit under each ZIP's population-weighted center with its dominant component, drainage, hydric and farmland class, flooding, and the Ohio septic and basement interpretation ratings; Copernicus GLO-90 elevation model via Open-Meteo at the ZIP center", "links": [ [ "USDA Soil Data Access", "https://sdmdataaccess.sc.egov.usda.gov/" ], [ "Web Soil Survey", "https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/" ], [ "Open-Meteo elevation", "https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/elevation-api" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/soils/#soils", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/soils" }, "parks": { "label": "Parks", "chapter": "land", "lede": "11% public land · 577 acres", "detail": "Eastwood Metropark · Sycamore State Park 9.1 mi", "bin": "n4", "bin_label": "5 to 15%", "value": 0.1137, "percentile": 0.8896103896103896, "source": "USGS Protected Areas Database 4.1 (Ohio state package, flattened combined layer, open-access fee, designation and easement polygons plus the six ODNR state parks PAD-US codes closed by default: Buckeye Lake, Forked Run, Hueston Woods, Lake Hope, Lake Logan, Tar Hollow); overlay on ZCTA polygons in Albers equal-area; nearest ODNR state park (state-park polygons of 50 acres or more, or an ODNR facility point where PAD-US lacks the park) from each ZIP's population-weighted center; ODNR facility point layers (boat ramps, fishing access, swim areas and campgrounds on state parks, wildlife areas and forests); ODNR Office of Coastal Management Lake Erie public access inventory (616 sites, swim-beach flag); ODNR statewide trails and state bike routes (OIT_Services/ODNR_Trails); USGS Protected Areas Database 4.1 fee-managed lands (Fee_Managers_PADUS) by ZIP overlay", "links": [ [ "USGS PAD-US", "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/gap-analysis-project/science/pad-us-data-overview" ], [ "ODNR GIS services", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/parks/#parks", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/parks" }, "wetlands": { "label": "Wetlands", "chapter": "land", "lede": "2.1% wetland · 100 acres", "detail": "pond 86 · forested/shrub wetland 7 · emergent wetland 7", "bin": "wl2", "bin_label": "1 to 3%", "value": 0.0206, "percentile": 0.6387987012987013, "source": "USFWS National Wetlands Inventory, Ohio geodatabase (imagery mostly 2004 to 2007, Lake Erie basin 2021), freshwater wetlands and ponds clipped to each ZIP (lakes and rivers excluded); Ohio EPA potential high-quality vernal pools, high-quality wetland sites and stream and wetland mitigation sites; Ohio EPA Wetland Ecology Group sampling sites with ORAM and VIBI scores; Ohio EPA hydro/Wetlands_USGSTopoMaps (wetland symbols digitized from USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps), clipped to the ZIP", "links": [ [ "USFWS wetlands inventory", "https://www.fws.gov/program/national-wetlands-inventory" ], [ "Ohio EPA GIS services", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/wetlands/#wetlands", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/wetlands" }, "landcover": { "label": "Land cover", "chapter": "land", "lede": "84% developed · 12% tree canopy", "detail": "water 10% · forest 4% · wetland 1%", "bin": "lc5", "bin_label": "75% or more", "value": 84, "percentile": 0.8701298701298701, "source": "National Land Cover Database 2021 (USGS and the MRLC consortium): land cover, percent impervious surface and tree canopy at 30 m, pulled as WCS tiles from mrlc.gov and summarised over each ZCTA boundary; USDA NASS Cropland Data Layer 2025 (30 m) summarised over the ZIP; ODNR Division of Natural Areas and Preserves pre-settlement vegetation mapping from the original land surveys (DNAP_Services/Pre_Settlement_Vegetation_Mapping layer 4), clipped to the ZIP", "links": [ [ "NLCD", "https://www.mrlc.gov/" ], [ "USDA Cropland Data Layer", "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php" ], [ "ODNR pre-settlement vegetation", "https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/arcgis/rest/services/DNAP_Services/Pre_Settlement_Vegetation_Mapping/MapServer" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/landcover/#landcover", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/landcover" }, "people": { "label": "People", "chapter": "people", "lede": "10.2% bachelor's or higher", "detail": "68.8% white · 20.2% Black · 7.7% Hispanic · 1.7% Asian · 11.7% foreign-born", "bin": "pe1", "bin_label": "Under 15% with a bachelor's degree", "value": 10.2, "percentile": 0.14579684763572678, "source": "Census ACS 2020-2024 5-year by ZCTA: educational attainment (B15003), race and Hispanic origin (B03002), nativity (B05002), veterans (B21001); IRS Statistics of Income county migration flows 2022 to 2023 for the county; Census Bureau county population estimates, vintage 2025 (components of change); decennial county counts 1900 to 1990 from the Census Bureau report Population of States and Counties of the United States 1790 to 1990, 2000 and 2010 counts from the intercensal estimates file; IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File for Ohio (active organizations by ZIP); USDA ERS Rural-Urban Continuum Codes 2023 for the county; USDA ERS rural-urban commuting area codes by ZIP, 2020 edition; 2020 Census PL 94-171 group quarters population by block (table P5), summed to the ZIP; B25010 household size, B11001 household type, B17001 poverty by age, B19083 Gini index; B04006 ancestry, B07003 residence a year earlier, C16002 limited English households; B05006 place of birth of the foreign-born; Census SAIPE 2024 county poverty and median household income; B11005 and B11007 households with children or seniors, B12001 marital status", "links": [ [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ], [ "Census population estimates", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html" ], [ "IRS migration data", "https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data" ], [ "USDA ERS county codes", "https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes" ], [ "USDA ERS commuting area codes", "https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes" ], [ "2020 Census redistricting data", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html" ], [ "Census SAIPE", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe.html" ], [ "IRS exempt organizations", "https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/exempt-organizations-business-master-file-extract-eo-bmf" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/people/#people", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/people" }, "jobs": { "label": "Jobs", "chapter": "people", "lede": "13,865 jobs · 3,964 employed residents", "detail": "Health care and social assistance leads", "bin": "jb5", "bin_label": "2 or more", "value": 3.5, "percentile": 0.9714983713355049, "source": "Census LEHD LODES 8, 2023, all jobs: workplace and residence counts by census block summed into ZCTAs (workplace-only blocks by block-group or tract majority), origin-destination flows for where residents work; Census ZIP Code Business Patterns 2023 (establishments, employees, payroll, sectors); OSHA enforcement data (inspections since 2020, accident investigations since 2015) from the Labor Department open data catalog, September 2026, by site ZIP; BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (county, latest month) and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (county, 2026 Q1) through the BLS public API and open data files; USAspending federal awards by county of performance, fiscal 2025 (contracts, grants, loans, direct payments); BEA regional accounts, county GDP (CAGDP1) and per capita personal income (CAINC1), 2024; USDA ERS county typology codes, 2015 edition; CDFI Fund list of designated Qualified Opportunity Zones (2018), carried from 2010 to 2020 tracts with the Census relationship file; Census ACS 2020-2024 B23025 labor force by ZCTA; C24010 occupations and B24080 class of worker", "links": [ [ "Census LEHD", "https://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/" ], [ "BLS local unemployment", "https://www.bls.gov/lau/" ], [ "BLS QCEW", "https://www.bls.gov/cew/" ], [ "BEA county GDP", "https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-county-metro-and-other-areas" ], [ "USAspending", "https://www.usaspending.gov/" ], [ "OSHA enforcement data", "https://enforcedata.dol.gov/" ], [ "Census ZIP Business Patterns", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp.html" ], [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ], [ "USDA ERS county typology", "https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/county-typology-codes" ], [ "CDFI Fund Opportunity Zones", "https://www.cdfifund.gov/opportunity-zones" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/jobs/#jobs", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/jobs" }, "mobility": { "label": "Upward mobility", "chapter": "people", "lede": "Percentile rank 32.6", "detail": "income rank at 35 for children of low-income parents · 3.88% incarcerated in 2010", "bin": "mo1", "bin_label": "Below the 35th percentile", "value": 32.6, "percentile": 0.050576752440106475, "source": "Opportunity Atlas (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones and Porter, Census Bureau): tract outcomes for children born 1978 to 1983, population-weighted to ZIPs through 2020 census blocks", "links": [ [ "Opportunity Atlas", "https://www.opportunityatlas.org/" ], [ "Opportunity Insights data", "https://opportunityinsights.org/data/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/mobility/#mobility", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/mobility" }, "svi": { "label": "Social vulnerability", "chapter": "people", "lede": "89th percentile of Ohio tracts", "detail": "socioeconomic 84 · household 80 · minority status 65 · housing and transport 78", "bin": "sv5", "bin_label": "Average tract rank in the most vulnerable fifth", "value": 88.5, "percentile": 0.9820846905537459, "source": "CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022 by census tract (percentile ranks among Ohio tracts), population-weighted to ZIPs through 2020 census blocks", "links": [ [ "CDC/ATSDR SVI", "https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/place-health/php/svi/index.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/svi/#svi", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/svi" }, "health": { "label": "Health", "chapter": "people", "lede": "31.9% in fair or poor health", "detail": "obesity 43.8% · diabetes 18.2% · smoking 25.5% · depression 30.1%", "bin": "hh5", "bin_label": "25% or more", "value": 31.9, "percentile": 0.971737323358271, "source": "CDC PLACES 2025 release, ZCTA model-based estimates of adult health (BRFSS 2023, ACS): fair or poor health, obesity, diabetes, smoking, depression, uninsured and more; County Health Rankings 2025 (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute) county measures; CDC NCHS provisional county drug overdose deaths, 12-month ending counts, and the CDC VSRR provisional state count for the statewide figure; HRSA Health Professional Shortage Area designations (primary care, dental, mental health; tract and county components weighted by 2020 block population); NCI State Cancer Profiles county incidence 2018-2022 and mortality 2019-2023; PLACES 2025 ZCTA measures for asthma, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, blood pressure medication, cholesterol screening, housing insecurity, transportation, emotional support and utility shut-off threats; Census ACS 2020-2024 B27010 health insurance and B18101 disability; CMS Medicare Monthly Enrollment by county, 2025", "links": [ [ "CDC PLACES", "https://www.cdc.gov/places/" ], [ "County Health Rankings", "https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/" ], [ "CDC overdose data", "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm" ], [ "NCI cancer profiles", "https://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/" ], [ "HRSA data", "https://data.hrsa.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/health/#health", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/health" }, "lifeexp": { "label": "Life expectancy", "chapter": "people", "lede": "69.8 years life expectancy", "detail": "3 tracts, from 61.1 to 72.2", "bin": "le1", "bin_label": "Under 73 years", "value": 69.8, "percentile": 0.0075, "source": "CDC/NCHS U.S. Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (USALEEP, deaths 2010-2015, 2010 census tracts) weighted into ZIPs by 2020 block population", "links": [ [ "CDC USALEEP", "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/usaleep/usaleep.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/lifeexp/#lifeexp", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/lifeexp" }, "hospital": { "label": "Hospitals", "chapter": "people", "lede": "Grandview Hospital · 2.6 mi", "detail": "Dayton · 289 beds · Level III trauma · 6 within 10 miles", "bin": "h1", "bin_label": "Under 3 miles", "value": 2.6, "percentile": 0.20643322475570033, "source": "CMS Timely and Effective Care measure OP_18b (median emergency department time, October 2024 to September 2025); Veterans Health Administration medical facilities (HIFLD copy of the VA station list, S_STATE OH); HRSA health center service delivery sites (federally qualified health centers and look-alikes, active Ohio sites, September 2026); CMS dialysis facility list (September 2026) geocoded with the Census batch geocoder; HIFLD hospitals inventory via FEMA, open general and critical-access hospitals, with Medicare Care Compare overall star ratings and emergency-service flags matched by name and address (closed hospitals the inventory still lists, and freestanding emergency and long-term care sites, left out); CMS HCAHPS patient survey (October 2024 to September 2025) and Complications and Deaths (30-day death rates July 2022 to June 2025, patient-safety composite July 2022 to June 2024), joined by Medicare facility ID; NPPES NPI registry, August 2026 monthly file, active providers by practice ZIP; distance from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "CMS Care Compare data", "https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/" ], [ "HIFLD", "https://hifld-geoplatform.hub.arcgis.com/" ], [ "HRSA data", "https://data.hrsa.gov/" ], [ "CMS NPI files", "https://download.cms.gov/nppes/NPI_Files.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/hospital/#hospital", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/hospital" }, "nursing": { "label": "Nursing homes", "chapter": "people", "lede": "WIDOWS HOME OF DAYTON · 1.7 mi", "detail": "2 of 5 stars · 75 beds · 11 within 5 miles", "bin": "j2", "bin_label": "1 to 3 miles", "value": 1.7, "percentile": 0.36563517915309446, "source": "CMS Care Compare nursing home provider file (922 Ohio homes), addresses geocoded with the Census Bureau batch geocoder (67 unmatched placed at their ZIP center); CMS penalties file (fines and payment denials since 2023, matched by name and ZIP); straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "CMS Care Compare data", "https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/nursing/#nursing", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/nursing" }, "crime": { "label": "Crime", "chapter": "people", "lede": "13.5 violent offenses per 1,000", "detail": "Dayton Police · 44.0 property per 1,000 · 12 months", "bin": "cr5", "bin_label": "10 or more", "value": 13.5, "percentile": 0.9731132075471698, "source": "FBI Crime Data Explorer NIBRS incident files for Ohio, 2024 (2023 file for the trend): Group A offenses counted per reporting agency, offenses against persons counted per victim, with each ZIP assigned the police department of its largest local government (city, village or township) when that government has one of its own, a rate only where it has at least six months of 2024 on file (annualized from fewer than 12), otherwise the sheriff of the ZIP's county", "links": [ [ "FBI Crime Data Explorer", "https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/" ], [ "USGS structures service", "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/structures/MapServer" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/crime/#crime", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/crime" }, "police": { "label": "Police", "chapter": "people", "lede": "Riverside Police Department · 1.6 mi", "detail": "3 stations within 3 miles · post office 0.5 mi", "bin": "o2", "bin_label": "1 to 2 miles", "value": 1.6, "percentile": 0.44218241042345274, "source": "USGS National Map structures: police stations (773 Ohio points: the inventory's 731 less 3 closed or duplicate records, with 4 wrong names corrected, plus 45 departments and sheriff's offices it lacks, placed from OpenStreetMap or the Census Bureau geocoder in September 2026) and post offices (1,130 Ohio points); straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "USGS structures service", "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/structures/MapServer" ], [ "OpenStreetMap", "https://www.openstreetmap.org/" ], [ "Census Bureau geocoder", "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/police/#police", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/police" }, "fire": { "label": "Fire and EMS", "chapter": "people", "lede": "Dayton Fire Department Station 8 · 0.5 mi", "detail": "9 stations within 3 miles, 44 within 8", "bin": "i1", "bin_label": "Under 1 mile", "value": 0.5, "percentile": 0.3131107491856677, "source": "USGS National Map structures inventory (fire and EMS stations; most Ohio records last updated 2019 to 2022): 1,772 Ohio stations after removing duplicate records and checking Columbus- and Cleveland-area stations against the cities' station lists (September 2026), plus 402 Indiana, Michigan and Pennsylvania stations near the state line; straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "USGS structures service", "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/structures/MapServer" ], [ "Columbus fire stations", "https://www.columbus.gov/Services/Public-Safety/Fire/Find-a-Fire-Station" ], [ "Cleveland fire stations", "https://www.clevelandohio.gov/city-hall/departments/public-safety/divisions/fire/fire-stations" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/fire/#fire", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/fire" }, "library": { "label": "Libraries", "chapter": "people", "lede": "E. C. Doren Branch · 1.1 mi", "detail": "Dayton Metro Library · 4 within 3 miles, 16 within 8", "bin": "y2", "bin_label": "1 to 2 miles", "value": 1.1, "percentile": 0.38355048859934854, "source": "IMLS Public Libraries Survey FY2024 outlet and system files (720 open Ohio central libraries and branches of 251 systems, plus 62 bookmobiles); straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center; IMLS Museum Data Files 2018 (museums, historical societies, gardens, zoos with coordinates), 1,214 Ohio entries", "links": [ [ "IMLS Public Libraries Survey", "https://www.imls.gov/research-evaluation/surveys/public-libraries-survey-pls" ], [ "IMLS Museum Data Files", "https://www.imls.gov/research-evaluation/data-collection/museum-data-files" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/library/#library", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/library" }, "food": { "label": "Groceries", "chapter": "people", "lede": "92.8% in low-income, low-access tracts", "detail": "36% over 1 mile from a supermarket · 30% of households on SNAP (ACS)", "bin": "d5", "bin_label": "Two thirds or more", "value": 93, "percentile": 0.9686482084690554, "source": "USDA Food Access Research Atlas 2019 Large Retailer Access Map (2010 tracts, ERS's name for the file since July 2026) weighted by 2020 block population: distance to the nearest supermarket and low-income low-access flags; Census ACS 2020-2024 B25044 households without a vehicle; USDA Food and Nutrition Service SNAP retailer locations, 2026, counting stores in PA, WV, KY, IN and MI within about 25 miles of Ohio for the nearest store and the 3-mile figure; Census ACS 2020-2024 B22003 SNAP households", "links": [ [ "USDA ERS Large Retailer Access Map", "https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas" ], [ "USDA SNAP retailers", "https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/retailer-locator" ], [ "Census ACS", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/food/#food", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/food" }, "history": { "label": "Local history", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "history not researched yet", "detail": "", "bin": "r0", "bin_label": "No data", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "Local history researched from Wikipedia, the 1880 county histories on archive.org, Ohio History Connection, National Register listings, Ohio historical markers, local historical societies and Wikimedia Commons, one file per municipality and township, loaded on demand; Native American history per county and statewide from the same sources and the nations' own histories", "links": [ [ "Ohio History Connection", "https://www.ohiohistory.org/" ], [ "Internet Archive (county histories)", "https://archive.org/" ], [ "Wikimedia Commons", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/" ], [ "Remarkable Ohio (historical markers)", "https://remarkableohio.org/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/history/#history", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/history" }, "historic": { "label": "Historic places", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "3 listed historic places", "detail": "Holy Cross Lithuanian Roman Catholic Church", "bin": "hi3", "bin_label": "3 to 6", "value": 3, "percentile": 0.7968241042345277, "source": "National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places point file (3,286 points for 3,232 of Ohio's roughly 4,200 listings; listings without a point are not counted, and a listing with several points is counted once); listings inside each ZIP and the nearest to its population-weighted center; USGS Geographic Names Information System domestic names for Ohio (feature points inside the ZIP)", "links": [ [ "National Register data", "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/data-downloads.htm" ], [ "USGS GNIS", "https://www.usgs.gov/tools/geographic-names-information-system-gnis" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/historic/#historic", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/historic" }, "schools": { "label": "Schools", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "Dayton City", "detail": "City school district · 64% of residents, then Mad River Local", "bin": "s-city", "bin_label": "193 city school districts", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "Ohio school district boundaries (OGRIP 2014 via ODOT) by resident share; NCES EDGE 2024-25 school buildings; NCES Private School Survey 2023-24 public-use file (schools inside the ZIP by coordinates); Census ACS 2020-2024 B14002 school enrollment; Census Annual Survey of School System Finances (F-33) fiscal 2023 via NCES, matched by district name and county; Census SAIPE 2024 school district child poverty (matched through the F-33 district id); NCES Common Core of Data 2023-24 school directory, membership, teacher FTE, lunch program status and free or reduced-price lunch counts, summed over the public schools inside the ZIP", "links": [ [ "ODOT GIS", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/tims" ], [ "NCES EDGE", "https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/" ], [ "NCES Common Core of Data", "https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/" ], [ "NCES private schools", "https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/" ], [ "Census SAIPE", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe.html" ], [ "Census school finances (F-33)", "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/school-finances.html" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/schools/#schools", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/schools" }, "ratings": { "label": "School ratings", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "2 stars overall", "detail": "Dayton City · performance index 50.4% of the year's maximum · 68.6% graduate in four years", "bin": "sr1", "bin_label": "2.5 stars or fewer", "value": 2, "percentile": 0.024509803921568627, "source": "Ohio School Report Cards 2024-2025 (Department of Education and Workforce): district overall and component star ratings, performance index, graduation rates, spending per pupil and teacher measures, for the district holding the largest share of each ZIP's residents", "links": [ [ "Ohio school report cards", "https://reportcard.education.ohio.gov/" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/ratings/#ratings", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/ratings" }, "colleges": { "label": "Colleges", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "Sinclair Community College · 3.1 mi", "detail": "Dayton · 15 campuses within 10 miles", "bin": "u2", "bin_label": "3 to 8 miles", "value": 3.1, "percentile": 0.2675081433224756, "source": "NCES IPEDS: 2024 institutional directory (269 active Ohio institutions with coordinates, less the administrative units and the colleges in data/ipeds/closed.json that have closed since), 12-month enrollment 2023-24, published tuition and fees 2023-24, graduation rates for the 2017 (four-year) and 2020 (two-year) entering cohorts; straight-line miles from each ZIP's population-weighted center", "links": [ [ "NCES IPEDS", "https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/use-the-data" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/colleges/#colleges", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/colleges" }, "gov": { "label": "Local government", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "Dayton (city)", "detail": "64% of residents, then Riverside (city)", "bin": "l-city", "bin_label": "255 cities", "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "ODOT municipal corporation and township boundaries by resident share of 2020 census blocks; Ohio EPA grants awarded in 2025 (OEPA_Achievements, MapServer layer 8); Auditor of State unauditable entities list", "links": [ [ "ODOT GIS", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/tims" ], [ "Auditor of State", "https://ohioauditor.gov/" ], [ "Ohio EPA grants (OEPA_Achievements)", "https://geo.epa.ohio.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OEPA/OEPA_Achievements/MapServer/8" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/gov/#gov", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/gov" }, "reps": { "label": "Representatives", "chapter": "civic", "lede": "OH-10 · Mike Turner (R)", "detail": "Senate 6 Willis E. Blackshear Jr. · House 36 Andrea White", "bin": "p-r", "bin_label": null, "value": null, "percentile": null, "source": "ODOT TIMS Boundaries US_House_District, Ohio_Senate_District and Ohio_House_District (fetched 2026-09-08) by resident share of 2020 census blocks; members from the U.S. House, Ohio Senate and Ohio House directories, September 2026", "links": [ [ "U.S. House", "https://www.house.gov/representatives" ], [ "Ohio Senate", "https://ohiosenate.gov/" ], [ "Ohio House", "https://ohiohouse.gov/" ], [ "ODOT GIS", "https://tims.dot.state.oh.us/tims" ] ], "page": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/topics/reps/#reps", "map": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/map/#45404/reps" } }, "raw": { "z": "45404", "n": "Dayton", "k": "Montgomery", "s": [ [ 643, 0.6658 ], [ 632, 0.2246 ], [ 633, 0.0468 ] ], "c": 0.9372, "b": "pop", "ca": 0.789, "p": 10730, "la": 39.7901, "lo": -84.1532, "a": 20.3, "pli": 1, "plu": 1, "r": [ 5.54, 3.3, 184, 41.85, 54.7 ], "e": [ [ 4, 1.0 ] ], "mb": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.935, 200 ], "fl": [ 0.0103, 0.0735, 0.2575, 0.1342 ], "flz": [ "X (0.2%)", "AE" ], "bb": [ 0.999, 0.0, 0.001, 0.389, 0.986, 4834, 0.998 ], "ia": [ 0.682, 0.123, 0.139, 4280 ], "hz": [ 58.1, 77.6, 53.8, 62.6, 81.7, 74.4 ], "hzt": [ [ "Ice storm", 81.7 ], [ "Inland flooding", 77.6 ] ], "eal": 6214830, "sd": [ [ 5, 0.6377 ], [ 143, 0.3623 ] ], "t": [ [ 0, 1.0 ] ], "lg": [ [ 5, 0.6352 ], [ 88, 0.3648 ] ], "ws": [ [ 7, 1.0 ] ], "wc": [ "City of Dayton-Mad River", [ "Poplar Creek-Great Miami River", "Town of Oakwood-Great Miami River", "Opossum Creek-Great Miami River" ] ], "dr": { "u": [ [ 9, 1.0 ] ], "s": [ [ 5, 1.0 ] ], "h": [ [ 35, 0.7868 ], [ 37, 0.2132 ] ] }, "hp": [ 2.6, 6, 13, 289, "Grandview Hospital", "Dayton", "LEVEL III", "general", [], 4, 0, 127, [ 70.0, 70.0, 3.0, 1603.0 ], [ [ 10.7, "same" ], [ 10.7, "same" ], [ 10.8, "same" ], [ 0.86, "same" ] ], null, null ], "ev": [ 3, 13, 27, 0.4, "North Sanitary Landfill", "Dayton", "on the NPL", 3, 145, 52, 16, 285 ], "evb": [ "2046 Valley Street", "Royal Motel", "Sparky's Automobile Center" ], "evn": [ [ "Mullins Rubber Products Inc", "on the NPL" ], [ "North Sanitary Landfill", "on the NPL" ], [ "Mahle Behr Dayton LLC", "on the NPL" ] ], "ho": [ 86900, 884, 38874, 0.441, 1950, 4280, 35.7, 21.8, 0.036, 1.9, 53.7, 18.8, 66.4, 16.2 ], "aq": [ 8.7, 18.0, 3.1, "Sinclair", "Dayton", 69, "Eastwood", 1.3, 46, 220, 141, 4, 129, "Montgomery" ], "fs": [ 0.5, 9, 44, "Dayton Fire Department Station 8", "Dayton", [ "Dayton Fire Department Station 8", "Riverside Fire Department Station 5" ], 2 ], "lb": [ 1.1, 4, 16, "E. 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