{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH8600012",
  "name": "Bryan City",
  "county": "Williams",
  "population": 8729,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "groundwater",
  "label": "Michindoh (Maumee) Glacial Aquifer, groundwater wells",
  "bodies": [],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": 6,
  "aquifer": "Michindoh Glacial Aquifer",
  "notes": "Bryan Municipal Utilities pumps ~6-7 wells into the Michindoh Glacial Aquifer, which the city petitioned EPA to designate a sole-source aquifer covering Williams County.",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.cityofbryan.net/source-water-protection/",
    "https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/oh/michindoh-aquifer"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH8600012"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Bryan Municipal Water Department",
      "la": 41.4737,
      "lo": -84.5488,
      "pt": "approximate",
      "wb": "Michindoh Glacial Aquifer",
      "src": "Michindoh (Maumee) Glacial Aquifer, groundwater wells",
      "cls": "groundwater",
      "in": [
        {
          "n": "Bryan Municipal Well Field",
          "wb": "Michindoh (Maumee) Glacial Aquifer — a thick belt of glacial sand-and-gravel outwash, confined enough locally to produce artesian…",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Bryan's sole water source: 6-7 artesian wells around the city drawing from the regional Michindoh glacial sand-and-gravel aquifer under Williams County (6 wells · ~131 ft average)",
          "la": 41.4737,
          "lo": -84.5488,
          "pt": "approximate",
          "wells": [
            "Well 1",
            "Well 2",
            "Well 3",
            "Well 4",
            "Well 5",
            "Well 7"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1940",
        "City wastewater treatment plant built (0.8 MGD original design), later expanded to a 3.1 MGD average design flow."
      ],
      [
        "2007",
        "City of Bryan petitioned U.S. EPA to designate the Michindoh Glacial Aquifer a sole source aquifer for a nine-county area spanning Ohio, Indiana and Michigan."
      ],
      [
        "2013",
        "U.S. EPA indefinitely suspended the sole source aquifer petition pending additional geologic information from the city; as of EPA's latest posting the designation remains suspended."
      ],
      [
        "2018",
        "Wastewater treatment plant last upgraded (per the 2024 Ohio EPA NPDES permit fact sheet)."
      ],
      [
        "2018-2019",
        "Artesian of Pioneer's proposal to withdraw up to 14 million gallons a day from the Michindoh aquifer for sale to Toledo-area communities drew a Bryan City Council resolution of opposition and…"
      ],
      [
        "2021",
        "Current water rate schedule took effect 12-20-2021."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Groundwater only. BMU's drinking-water page describes seven artesian wells averaging 131 feet deep, pumping about 1.5 million gallons a day at roughly 2,000 gallons per minute (the 2025 CCR describes six wells drawing from the aquifer). Treatment is gravity aeration to oxidize iron and strip carbon…",
    "press": "Not published; no psi figure appears in BMU's drinking-water, rate or water-quality materials.",
    "rate": {
      "g": 4.14,
      "n": "Residential rates effective 12-20-2021, inside corporation: $10.25 monthly service charge, $11.50 monthly capacity charge for 5/8-inch through 1-inch meters, plus a commodity…",
      "m": 43.45
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "32.8",
        "ppb",
        "80 ppb MCL",
        "2025",
        "range 22.1-32.8 ppb; no violation"
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)",
        "12.3",
        "ppb",
        "60 ppb MCL",
        "2025",
        "range 9.3-12.3 ppb; no violation"
      ],
      [
        "Total chlorine",
        "0.8",
        "ppm",
        "4 ppm MRDL",
        "2025",
        "range 0.66-0.89 ppm"
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.398",
        "ppm",
        "2 ppm MCL",
        "2025",
        "erosion of natural deposits; missing from the earlier draft"
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "0.94",
        "ppm",
        "4 ppm MCL",
        "2025",
        "no violation"
      ],
      [
        "Nitrate",
        "0.36",
        "ppm",
        "10 ppm MCL",
        "2024",
        "very low, as expected for a confined glacial aquifer"
      ],
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "0",
        "ppb",
        "15 ppb action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 20 samples above the action level"
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.274",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 ppm action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 20 samples above the action level; one individual 2023 sample did hit 1.38 ppm, above the action level"
      ],
      [
        "Lithium (unregulated)",
        "18.1",
        "ppb",
        "no standard",
        "2023",
        "reported in the 2025 CCR's unregulated-contaminants row; the printed 'typical source' cell for this row appears…"
      ],
      [
        "PFAS (six compounds)",
        "ND",
        "not…",
        "no standard at…",
        "2023",
        "Ohio EPA statewide PFAS sampling initiative; none detected in finished water"
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Water line installation, East Bement Street (100 block) and Navarre Avenue (800-900 block)",
        null,
        "2026",
        "completed",
        "About 370 feet of 6-inch and 520 feet of 8-inch PVC installed for new services; no cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Wastewater treatment plant upgrade",
        null,
        "2018",
        "completed",
        "Last plant upgrade recorded in the 2024 Ohio EPA NPDES fact sheet; no cost published."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Additional well field west of Bryan",
        null,
        "",
        "planned",
        "BMU says it has initiated development of a new well field for future growth; no cost or completion date published."
      ],
      [
        "Bryan water tower interior painting",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Listed as an upcoming water department project in July 2026; no cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Waterline replacement - South Emmet Street (300 block) and West Bryan Street (300-500 block)",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Awaiting Ohio EPA approval as of July 2026; no cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Waterline replacement - East Mulberry Street (700-900 block)",
        null,
        "2026",
        "under construction",
        "Scheduled to begin in late August 2026; no cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Lead service line inventory updates",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Ongoing compliance work under the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions."
      ],
      [
        "Water rate study",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Listed by Bryan Municipal Utilities as a planned initiative; current rates date to December 2021."
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Bryan is entirely dependent on one groundwater source: the city says flatly that it is 'extremely dependent on our ground water supply' from the Michindoh Glacial Aquifer, which also supplies most of Williams County and parts of Defiance and Fulton counties plus adjacent Michigan and Indiana. Bryan petitioned U.S. EPA in 2007 for federal…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "City of Bryan WWTP at 1521 Evansport Road, built in 1940 and last upgraded in 2018, with an average design flow of 3.1 MGD (the city's own page says 3.14 MGD design, expanded from 0.8 MGD) and a 7.0 MGD peak hydraulic capacity; average flow is about 2 MGD. It serves the city plus Pulaski and Jefferson townships through seven satellite…",
      "st": "Bryan has 100% separated sewers per the 2024 Ohio EPA NPDES fact sheet, so storm flow does not enter the wastewater plant. No separate stormwater utility fee was found in city or BMU rate material."
    },
    "fun": [
      "Bryan's supply comes from seven artesian wells averaging just 131 feet deep, pumping about 1.5 million gallons a day at roughly 2,000 gallons per minute - shallow, self-pressurizing water that needs only aeration…",
      "The city charges its own residents a dedicated groundwater-protection surcharge - 75 cents a month residential, a dollar commercial - to fund source water protection.",
      "Bryan asked the federal government in 2007 to declare the Michindoh aquifer a sole source aquifer for a nine-county tri-state area; U.S. EPA suspended the petition in 2013 over data gaps and it has never been designated.",
      "Water is only part of the operation: Bryan Municipal Utilities also runs the city's electric system, including a hydroelectric plant on the Auglaize River and a municipal solar field."
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026.05.12_Inside_Outside_WQR-v1.2-FINAL-CROP-for-WEB.pdf",
        "https://www.epa.gov/oh/michindoh-aquifer",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/35/permits/doc/2PD00018.fs.pdf",
        "https://www.archboldbuckeye.com/articles/kidston-not-moving-forward-with-michindoh-aquifer-project/"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/drinking-water/",
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026.05.12_Inside_Outside_WQR-v1.2-FINAL-CROP-for-WEB.pdf"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/residential-metering-rates/",
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/source-water-protection/",
        "https://www.bryantimes.com/news/bpa-updated-on-utility-funds-projects/article_701a1a74-de5a-454f-bece-863b78f9fdea.html"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026.05.12_Inside_Outside_WQR-v1.2-FINAL-CROP-for-WEB.pdf"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://www.bryantimes.com/news/bpa-updated-on-utility-funds-projects/article_701a1a74-de5a-454f-bece-863b78f9fdea.html",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/35/permits/doc/2PD00018.fs.pdf"
      ],
      "planned": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/source-water-protection/",
        "https://www.bryantimes.com/news/bpa-updated-on-utility-funds-projects/article_701a1a74-de5a-454f-bece-863b78f9fdea.html"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/source-water-protection/",
        "https://www.epa.gov/oh/michindoh-aquifer",
        "https://www.archboldbuckeye.com/articles/kidston-not-moving-forward-with-michindoh-aquifer-project/",
        "https://www.13abc.com/content/news/Bryan-residents-ready-for-a-water-fight-to-protect-their-source-488344531.html"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/35/permits/doc/2PD00018.fs.pdf",
        "https://www.cityofbryan.com/wastewater-department/"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/drinking-water/",
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/source-water-protection/",
        "https://www.epa.gov/oh/michindoh-aquifer",
        "https://www.cityofbryan.net/"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "43506",
      "share": 0.6004,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH8600012.jpg",
    "caption": "Williams County Courthouse in downtown Bryan, Ohio",
    "credit": "Christopher L. Riley",
    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8600012/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH8600012.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Bryan City · OH8600012\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8600012/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}