{ "type": "water", "pwsid": "OH8400212", "name": "Little Hocking Water Association, Inc.", "county": "Washington", "population": 9892, "producer": true, "source_class": "groundwater", "label": "Ohio River Valley Aquifer (own wells, Porterfield wellfield)", "bodies": [], "intakes": [], "wells": 4, "aquifer": "Ohio River Valley Aquifer", "notes": "4 wells in the Porterfield-area Ohio River Valley Aquifer; historically contaminated with PFOA (C8) from a nearby DuPont plant, now treated with GAC filtration.", "urls": [ "https://pfasproject.com/little-hocking-ohio/", "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/CCR2023_2024__FINAL.pdf" ], "chain": [ "OH8400212" ], "plants": [ { "n": "Little Hocking Water Association treatment plant", "la": 39.2734, "lo": -81.8404, "pt": "approximate", "wb": "Ohio River Valley Aquifer", "src": "Ohio River Valley Aquifer (own wells, Porterfield wellfield)", "cls": "groundwater", "in": [ { "n": "Porterfield Well Field", "wb": "Ohio River Valley Aquifer (unconsolidated sand, gravel, and rock deposits along the Ohio River valley; high susceptibility to contamination)", "role": "primary", "src": "Four groundwater wells in the Porterfield area drawing from the alluvial Ohio River Valley Aquifer; water is pumped to storage at Gentry Heights and the Watson farm above Porterfield (4 wells)", "la": 39.2734, "lo": -81.8404, "pt": "approximate", "sh": 100, "wells": [ "Well 1", "Well 2", "Well 3", "Well 5" ] } ] } ], "facts": { "hist": [ [ "2002", "Little Hocking Water Association first learned that PFOA (C8) from DuPont's Washington Works plant had contaminated its water supply and system." ], [ "2007-10-16", "Chemours (then DuPont) began testing Little Hocking's water for PFOA as part of the granular activated carbon operation — for PFOA only." ], [ "2007-11-02", "The granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment plant began operating to filter PFOA out of the water before it enters the distribution system." ], [ "2009", "LHWA filed suit against DuPont in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (case 2:09-cv-01081) over PFOA contamination of its roughly 45-acre wellfield, soil and groundwater." ], [ "2015", "LHWA and DuPont settled; terms were not made public, but the association describes the result as an ongoing federal court-enforceable settlement after roughly ten years of enforcement litigation." ], [ "2018-03", "LHWA advised its users that GenX — Chemours' PFOA replacement — had been detected in the wellfield." ] ], "treat": "Groundwater from four wells in the Porterfield area drawing on the Ohio River Valley Aquifer, averaging 813,789 gallons per day of production in 2025. The entire supply passes through a granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration plant operating continuously since November 2, 2007, whose specific…", "press": "Not published — the 2025 Water Quality Report gives no psi figure, though it discusses pressure drops from main breaks, hydrant flushing and fires in the context of backflow. The…", "rate": { "g": 12, "n": "Rate schedule effective June 2025, published as a standalone PDF and reprinted in the 2025 CCR: minimum $34.00 per month covering 0-2,000 gallons on a 3/4-inch meter, then $12.00…", "m": 70 }, "imp": [ [ "Nitrate", "0.851", "ppm", "10", "2025", "Range 0.555-0.851 ppm. Well below the MCL; typical of fertilizer, septic and sewage sources." ], [ "Arsenic", "0.5", "ppb", "10", "2025", "Naturally occurring, one twentieth of the MCL." ], [ "Barium", "0.0765", "ppm", "2", "2025", "Erosion of natural deposits and discharge of drilling wastes." ], [ "Fluoride", "0.97", "ppm", "4", "2025", "Range 0.26-1.32 ppm; includes added fluoride." ], [ "Nickel", "0.127", "ppm", "none (no MCL or…", "2025", "Range <10 to 0.127; the CCR reports no federal standard for nickel in drinking water. Attributed to leaching from…" ], [ "Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)", "3.0", "ppb", "80", "2025", "Range 0-3.6 ppb — about 4% of the MCL, reflecting a groundwater source low in organic precursors. Component species…" ], [ "Total chlorine", "1.26", "ppm", "4 (MRDL)", "2025", "Range 0.89-1.50 ppm." ], [ "Lead (90th percentile)", "4.2", "ppb", "15 (action…", "2025", "None of the 20 samples exceeded the action level." ], [ "Copper (90th percentile)", "0.149", "ppm", "1.3 (action…", "2025", "None of the 20 samples exceeded the action level." ], [ "PFOA and GenX (finished water)", "<2", "ppt", "4 (PFOA) / 10…", "2025", "Below the Method 537.1 reporting limit of 2 ppt entering distribution, because of GAC treatment. None of the six PFAS…" ] ], "proj": [ [ "Granular activated carbon (GAC) PFAS treatment plant", null, "2007", "completed", "Operating continuously since November 2, 2007 to filter PFOA — and later GenX and other PFAS — from the wellfield before distribution. The 2025 CCR describes…" ], [ "Lead service line inventory", null, "2025", "completed", "Under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Revisions the association determined it has no lead, no galvanized-requiring-replacement and no lead-status-unknown…" ], [ "PFAS discharge litigation and Fourth Circuit appeal", null, "2025", "completed", "After finding Chemours was discharging PFOA and GenX to the Ohio River in violation of its Clean Water Act permits, the board authorized intervention in a…" ] ], "plan": [ [ "Waterline extensions to eliminate contaminated private wells", 8500000, "2026", "planned", "Funded by Little Hocking's roughly $8.5 million share of the $65 million DuPont Ohio River PFOA settlement distributed April 14, 2026 — the largest share of…" ], [ "Supplemental or replacement PFAS treatment technology", null, "", "proposed", "The association says it is constantly reviewing research on treatments that could supplement or replace the existing GAC system, which is now roughly 18 years…" ] ], "stress": "High, and for an unusually specific reason. Ohio EPA rates the Ohio River Valley Aquifer wellfield HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE to contamination — depth to water in the buried valley aquifer is less than 50 feet below ground surface, only a thin protective layer of silt and clay separates the surface from the aquifer, and significant potential…", "sew": { "s": "Little Hocking Water Association is a water-only utility; no sanitary sewer service, rate, or plant appears in its rate schedule, CCR, or website. The CCR repeatedly names septic tanks as a nitrate and coliform source in the service area, consistent with rural households on individual on-site systems, but no source reviewed states this…", "st": "Not documented — no stormwater utility, fee, or program appears in any Little Hocking Water Association source reviewed. As a rural water association it has no stormwater role." }, "fun": [ "Chemours' Washington Works plant sits just 1,300 feet across the Ohio River from Little Hocking's wellfield — and upstream of where the wells draw in river water.", "Little Hocking is the largest rural water system in Washington County, serving about 9,850 people over more than 250 miles of line from four wells.", "The water is very hard — about 385 mg/L as calcium carbonate, or 22.5 grains.", "The association intervened in a West Virginia federal lawsuit against Chemours and argued alongside the plaintiffs before the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond to defend a PFAS-discharge injunction.", "Its rate ladder has three usage tiers that are all priced at exactly $12.00 per 1,000 gallons — the tiers are a formality." ], "src": { "history": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf", "https://www.mariettatimes.com/news/2026/04/local-water-systems-getting-share-of-65m-dupont-settlement/", "https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/little-hocking-water-ass-893948931", "https://pfasproject.com/little-hocking-ohio/" ], "treatment": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf" ], "pressure": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf" ], "rates": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/NEW_WATER_RATE_SCHEDULE_6-1-2025.pdf", "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf" ], "impurities": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf" ], "projects": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf", "https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/little-hocking-water-ass-893948931" ], "planned": [ "https://www.mariettatimes.com/news/2026/04/local-water-systems-getting-share-of-65m-dupont-settlement/", "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf" ], "water_stress": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf", "https://pfasproject.com/little-hocking-ohio/" ], "sewer": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf", "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/NEW_WATER_RATE_SCHEDULE_6-1-2025.pdf" ], "fun_facts": [ "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/2025_CCR_Report.pdf", "https://www.mariettatimes.com/news/2026/04/local-water-systems-getting-share-of-65m-dupont-settlement/", "https://littlehockingwater.org/documents/1175/NEW_WATER_RATE_SCHEDULE_6-1-2025.pdf" ] } }, "zips_served": [ { "zip": "45742", "share": 0.9185, "dominant": true }, { "zip": "45784", "share": 0.7697, "dominant": true }, { "zip": "45724", "share": 0.5826, "dominant": true }, { "zip": "45723", "share": 0.1394, "dominant": true }, { "zip": "45714", "share": 0.165, "dominant": false }, { "zip": "45786", "share": 0.0259, "dominant": false }, { "zip": "45711", "share": 0.0056, "dominant": false }, { "zip": "45729", "share": 0.0034, "dominant": false } ], "photo": null, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8400212/", "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH8400212.json", "generated": "2026-09-16", "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms", "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Little Hocking Water Association, Inc. · OH8400212\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8400212/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].", "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json" }