{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH8300412",
  "name": "Franklin Public Water System",
  "county": "Warren",
  "population": 11690,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "groundwater",
  "label": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer (own wells)",
  "bodies": [],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": 4,
  "aquifer": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer",
  "notes": "Franklin sources its water from 4 wells in the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer, with emergency backup connections to Springboro and Warren County.",
  "urls": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Ohio",
    "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/swap/SSA_greatmiamisouth_FR.pdf"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH8300412"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Franklin Public Water System Treatment Plant",
      "a": "202 Baxter Dr, Franklin, OH 45005 (Public Works Dept.; plant co-located per city)",
      "la": 39.548,
      "lo": -84.301,
      "pt": "wellfield",
      "wb": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer",
      "src": "Five high-production wells drawing from the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer, treated at the city's 5 MGD iron/manganese filtration plant near the Great Miami River.",
      "cls": "groundwater",
      "in": [
        {
          "n": "Dayton-Oxford Road Well Field",
          "wb": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer (sand and gravel, classified by Ohio EPA as highly susceptible due to lack of an overlying protective…",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Wells sit on the west side of the Great Miami River along Dayton-Oxford Road, pumped directly to the treatment plant; city notes backup interconnections with Springboro and Warren County. (4 wells)",
          "la": 39.548,
          "lo": -84.301,
          "pt": "plant",
          "sh": 100,
          "wells": [
            "Well 6",
            "Well 7",
            "Well 1",
            "Well 2"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1796",
        "Franklin founded by General William C. Schenck on the Great Miami River; incorporated 1814 and became a city in 1951."
      ],
      [
        "1913",
        "The town was devastated by the Great Flood of March 1913 when the Great Miami River overflowed its banks."
      ],
      [
        "1971",
        "Franklin opened what was considered the world's first garbage-recycling plant, designed and built by the Black Clawson Company; it recovered metals from solid waste and turned recovered paper fiber…"
      ],
      [
        "1988",
        "EPA Region V determined (final determination dated June 17, 1988) that the Buried Valley Aquifer System-South is the sole or principal drinking water source for about 650,000 residents of Butler…"
      ],
      [
        "2003",
        "Ohio conducted the source water assessment behind Franklin's Source Water Assessment Protection Plan, rating the wellfield aquifer as highly susceptible to contamination."
      ],
      [
        "2023",
        "Franklin sampled under the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5), detecting nine PFAS compounds plus lithium."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Franklin draws raw groundwater from five high-production wells in the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer (well screens 45-80 feet deep, water table less than 20 feet down) and treats it at a city-owned 5 MGD plant with iron and manganese filtration, plus fluoridation and chlorination. Finished water…",
    "press": "Not published. No service pressure or pressure-zone figures appear in the city's water pages or CCR; the only related infrastructure published is four water towers and 67+ miles…",
    "rate": {
      "g": 7.01,
      "n": "City of Franklin rate and fee schedule (Appendix A, March 2026) as posted by the Utility Billing Division: water $17.47 per 333 cubic feet, sewer $22.51 per 333 cubic feet…",
      "m": 28.04
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Trichloroethylene",
        "0.08",
        "ppb",
        "5.0",
        "2025",
        "Solvent from metal degreasing and other industry, detected in a shallow, highly susceptible sand-and-gravel aquifer.…"
      ],
      [
        "Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)",
        "0.0041",
        "ppb",
        "0.004 ppb (4.0…",
        "2023",
        "UCMR 5 sampling; range 0.0022-0.0041 ppb, average 0.0031 ppb. The maximum detection sits essentially at the 4.0 ppt MCL…"
      ],
      [
        "Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)",
        "0.0017",
        "ppb",
        "0.004 ppb (4.0…",
        "2023",
        "UCMR 5; range 0.0014-0.0017 ppb, average 0.00155 ppb. Seven other PFAS were also detected at trace levels: PFHxA, PFBS…"
      ],
      [
        "Lithium",
        "5.46",
        "ppb",
        "no federal MCL…",
        "2023",
        "Range ND-5.46 ppb, average 2.73 ppb; unregulated contaminant monitored to inform possible future regulation."
      ],
      [
        "Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "39.7",
        "ppb",
        "80",
        "2025",
        "Range 12.5-39.7 ppb."
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic acids (HAA5)",
        "4.3",
        "ppb",
        "60",
        "2025",
        "Range ND-4.3 ppb - very low, as expected for filtered groundwater with little organic carbon."
      ],
      [
        "Nitrate (as nitrogen)",
        "1.74",
        "ppm",
        "10",
        "2025",
        "Runoff from fertilizer use, leaching from septic tanks and sewage; a standing concern for a shallow aquifer under…"
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "0.89",
        "ppm",
        "4.0",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.81-1.04 ppm; added for dental health."
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.130",
        "ppm",
        "2.0",
        "2025",
        "Erosion of natural deposits."
      ],
      [
        "Arsenic",
        "0.5",
        "ppb",
        "10",
        "2025",
        "Erosion of natural deposits."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "12-inch watermain connection project",
        959752,
        "2025-2026",
        "under construction",
        "Replaces about 5,690 linear feet of 4- to 12-inch water main plus 15 fire hydrants and 83 public water service lines on Main Street, Anderson Street, Riley…"
      ],
      [
        "City-wide water meter replacement",
        null,
        "2026",
        "under construction",
        "End-of-life residential and commercial meters replaced by contractor VEPO Metering, scheduled March-July 2026. No cost to residents but replacement is…"
      ],
      [
        "2026 hydrant flushing campaign",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Routine distribution-system maintenance announced by the city on August 12, 2026. No cost published."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Additional PFAS compliance monitoring under the 2024 federal PFAS rule",
        null,
        "2026-2027",
        "planned",
        "Franklin partially satisfied the rule through UCMR 5 and states it will collect additional samples in 2026 to fully meet the April 26, 2027 monitoring…"
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Franklin's supply is abundant but exposed. Its wells tap the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer, the glacial sand-and-gravel system EPA designated a Sole Source Aquifer in June 1988 for roughly 650,000 people across five southwestern Ohio counties - Franklin sits right at the northern edge of the designated area, on a hydrodynamic…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "Franklin does not treat its own wastewater. Flow goes to a Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant owned and operated by Veolia that also serves Carlisle, Germantown, Franklin Township, Warren County and Montgomery County. The city's Sewer Division maintains over fifty miles of sanitary sewer, over five miles of sanitary force main, and four…",
      "st": "Franklin runs a self-supporting stormwater utility charged on relative impervious area: $7.00 residential, $7.00 per 2,611 square feet of impervious surface for nonresidential. The system covers 75 miles of storm pipes plus catch basins, city-owned ditch…"
    },
    "fun": [
      "Franklin opened what was considered the world's first garbage-recycling plant in 1971 - a Black Clawson Company facility that pulled metals out of solid waste and spun recovered paper fiber into roofing material.",
      "Franklin is literally the boundary marker on a federal aquifer designation: EPA's 1988 Sole Source Aquifer determination for the Buried Valley Aquifer System-South runs to a hydrodynamic boundary 'just south of the City…",
      "Franklin's tap water runs 22 grains per gallon hard - the city publishes the number specifically so residents can set their water softeners.",
      "The city keeps its emergency lifeline to Springboro alive by flushing about 8,000 gallons through it in each direction every six months, so the connection works the day it is needed.",
      "Franklin's water bill is priced in 333-cubic-foot units - about 2,491 gallons - and is purely volumetric with no minimum charge at all: use 500 gallons in a month and you pay for 500 gallons."
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Ohio",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/swap/SSA_greatmiamisouth_FR.pdf",
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/water.php",
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf"
      ],
      "pressure": [
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/water.php",
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/finance_department_/utility_billing/index.php",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/43/Rate%20Reports/2023-Sewer-and-Water-Rate-Survey.pdf"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/water.php"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/currect_project_detail_T29_R350.php",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/currect_project_detail_T29_R374.php",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/"
      ],
      "planned": [
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/swap/SSA_greatmiamisouth_FR.pdf",
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/water.php"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/sewer.php",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/stormwater.php",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/finance_department_/utility_billing/index.php",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/43/Rate%20Reports/2023-Sewer-and-Water-Rate-Survey.pdf"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Ohio",
        "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/swap/SSA_greatmiamisouth_FR.pdf",
        "https://www.franklinohio.org/departments/public_works_department/water.php",
        "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/franklinoh/Document%20Center/Department/Public%20Works%20Department/Franklin%20CCR%202025.pdf"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "45005",
      "share": 0.4992,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH8300412.jpg",
    "caption": "Historic bridge over the Great Miami River at Franklin, Ohio, near the buried valley aquifer that supplies the city's wells",
    "credit": "Warner, Marion G., 1861-1922",
    "license": "Public domain"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8300412/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH8300412.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Franklin Public Water System · OH8300412\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH8300412/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}