{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH7803811",
  "name": "Warren City",
  "county": "Trumbull",
  "population": 49130,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "reservoir",
  "label": "Mosquito Creek Lake (Mosquito Creek Reservoir)",
  "bodies": [
    "Mosquito Creek Lake"
  ],
  "intakes": [
    "Warren Mosquito Reservoir"
  ],
  "wells": 0,
  "aquifer": "",
  "notes": "Warren treats its own surface water intake from Mosquito Creek Lake (Mosquito Reservoir), a Corps of Engineers reservoir on Mosquito Creek, a Mahoning River tributary; Warren also sells water on to Lordstown.",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.warren.org/water_department/annual_report.php",
    "https://cms3.revize.com/revize/warrenoh/Images/Water2025CCRReport.pdf",
    "https://www.warren.org/water_department/index.php"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH7803811"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Warren City Water Treatment Plant",
      "a": "Warren, OH 44483 (Mosquito Creek Lake supply, dam near Cortland, Trumbull County)",
      "la": 41.32,
      "lo": -80.755,
      "pt": "approximate",
      "wb": "Mosquito Creek Lake (Mosquito Creek Reservoir)",
      "src": "Mosquito Creek Lake, a reservoir north of Warren near Cortland, released at its dam and piped to the city's treatment plant",
      "cls": "reservoir"
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1938",
        "The Flood Control Act of 1938 authorized the Mosquito Creek reservoir; supplying water to Warren was among the contemplated benefits."
      ],
      [
        "1944",
        "The US Army Corps of Engineers completed the earthen dam creating Mosquito Creek Lake in April 1944."
      ],
      [
        "1962",
        "Warren's wastewater treatment plant was originally constructed; it now has a 16 MGD design capacity."
      ],
      [
        "1987",
        "The wastewater plant received its last major update per city consultant AECOM; the city describes the upgrade as occurring in the 1980s."
      ],
      [
        "2003",
        "Ohio EPA performed the state source water assessment of Warren's Mosquito Creek Reservoir supply."
      ],
      [
        "2024",
        "EPA announced a partnership with Warren under its 'Get the Lead Out' initiative on July 9, 2024, providing technical assistance to identify lead service lines and educate the public."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Conventional surface-water treatment of Mosquito Creek Reservoir water: filtration (highest 2025 turbidity 0.29 NTU against the 0.3 NTU limit, with 100% of monthly samples meeting limits) and chlorine disinfection (total chlorine 1.64 ppm, range 1.39-1.79). TOC removal is demonstrated via the…",
    "press": "Not published. No psi figure appears in the 2025 CCR or on the city water department pages.",
    "rate": {
      "g": 7.74,
      "n": "Effective Jan. 1, 2026: in-city tiered water rate $5.79/100 cu ft (first 2,000 cf), $4.63 (next 2,000 cf), $3.21 (over 4,000 cf); $13.34 minimum monthly on a 5/8\" meter ($10.00…",
      "m": null
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "TTHM (total trihalomethanes)",
        "78.7",
        "ppb",
        "80",
        "2025",
        "Close to the 80 ppb MCL; range across samples 38-126 ppb. No violation."
      ],
      [
        "HAA5 (haloacetic acids)",
        "44.4",
        "ppb",
        "60",
        "2025",
        "Range 24.6-74.3 ppb; individual samples topped 60 but the average did not. No violation."
      ],
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "3.7",
        "ppb",
        "15 (action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 samples exceeded the lead action level."
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.034",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 (action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 samples exceeded the copper action level."
      ],
      [
        "Nitrate",
        "0.35",
        "ppm",
        "10",
        "2025",
        "Well below MCL; range <0.10-0.35 ppm."
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "1.14",
        "ppm",
        "4",
        "2025",
        "Natural plus additive; range 0.79-1.14 ppm."
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.029",
        "ppm",
        "2",
        "2025",
        "Well below the 2 ppm MCL."
      ],
      [
        "Atrazine",
        "0.11",
        "ppb",
        "3",
        "2024",
        "Herbicide runoff from row crops; well below MCL."
      ],
      [
        "Turbidity",
        "0.29",
        "NTU",
        "0.3 (treatment…",
        "2025",
        "Highest 2025 reading; range 0.02-0.29. 100% of monthly samples met limits."
      ],
      [
        "Total chlorine",
        "1.64",
        "ppm",
        "4 (MRDL)",
        "2025",
        "Disinfectant residual; range 1.39-1.79 ppm."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Water Line Replacement Program, Areas B and C",
        null,
        "2025",
        "under construction",
        "Area B: 2nd St SW, Bane St SW, Miller. Area C: Union St SW, Burton St SW. Covered by an EPA Limited Environmental Review and Finding of No Significant Impact."
      ],
      [
        "Lead service line inventory and customer survey",
        null,
        "2024",
        "completed",
        "Warren built the Lead and Copper Rule service line inventory and ran a customer survey; the published inventory does not state a lead line count."
      ],
      [
        "Downtown sewer separation",
        null,
        "unknown",
        "completed",
        "Provided a dedicated storm sewer for downtown and stopped stormwater from overloading the sanitary system."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Lead service line replacement under EPA 'Get the Lead Out'",
        null,
        "2024",
        "planned",
        "EPA is providing technical assistance to identify lead pipes and educate the public; no replacement count, cost, or schedule has been published."
      ],
      [
        "Wastewater treatment plant overhaul",
        null,
        "2026",
        "proposed",
        "AECOM study presented to the Water and Water Pollution Control Committee recommends a major rebuild of a plant last updated in 1987, driving the proposed sewer…"
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Not drought-stressed the way groundwater systems are: Mosquito Creek Lake is a 7,850-acre Corps of Engineers flood-control reservoir. Ohio EPA's source water assessment notes susceptibility to wastewater and home sewage discharges, construction, residential, agricultural and urban runoff, oil and gas activity, and spills from traffic and…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "City of Warren Water Pollution Control Department runs the sanitary system and treatment plant, originally built 1962 and upgraded in the 1980s (last major update 1987 per AECOM), with 16 MGD design capacity, five primary settling tanks, four aeration tanks and four secondary clarifiers, and over 195 miles of collection lines. The oldest…",
      "st": "Separate storm system: 138 miles of storm sewers, 241 miles of open ditches and over 5,500 catch basins, managed under NPDES. A completed downtown sewer separation project gave downtown its own storm sewer. No consent decree was found."
    },
    "fun": [
      "Warren's water comes from Mosquito Creek Lake, a 7,850-acre Army Corps reservoir whose dam was finished in April 1944 — supplying Warren was one of the benefits contemplated when the Flood Control Act of 1938 authorized…",
      "Warren keeps an emergency interconnection with the City of Niles' water system; it was not used in 2025.",
      "Some of Warren's sewer infrastructure dates back to 1865, more than 150 years before the current plant overhaul debate.",
      "Warren passes its total organic carbon requirement using the alternate SUVA method rather than the usual removal ratio — its 2025 TOC ratio was 0.837, but all SUVA values were in the required range.",
      "The city invites the public to regular meetings held twice monthly at Council Chambers at 5:00 pm to weigh in on drinking water decisions."
    ]
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "44485",
      "share": 0.9384,
      "dominant": true
    },
    {
      "zip": "44483",
      "share": 0.6759,
      "dominant": true
    },
    {
      "zip": "44430",
      "share": 0.3762,
      "dominant": true
    },
    {
      "zip": "44484",
      "share": 0.3723,
      "dominant": true
    },
    {
      "zip": "44481",
      "share": 0.0599,
      "dominant": false
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH7803811.jpg",
    "caption": "Mosquito Creek Reservoir in Trumbull County, Ohio, near Cortland",
    "credit": "Margaret Luzier, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers",
    "license": "Public domain"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH7803811/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH7803811.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Warren City · OH7803811\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH7803811/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}