{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH6500412",
  "name": "Circleville City",
  "county": "Pickaway",
  "population": 13927,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "groundwater",
  "label": "Scioto River valley aquifer (sand & gravel wells)",
  "bodies": [
    "Scioto River"
  ],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": 4,
  "aquifer": "Scioto River valley aquifer (sand and gravel outwash)",
  "notes": "Four municipal wells on the eastern Scioto River floodplain draw from a shallow sand-and-gravel outwash aquifer (high contamination susceptibility per Ohio EPA).",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-water-report-city-meets-health-standards-despite-high-aquifer-susceptibility/",
    "https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=osu1756115869353386&disposition=inline"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH6500412"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Circleville Water Treatment Plant",
      "a": "663 Island Rd, Circleville, OH 43113",
      "la": 39.598,
      "lo": -82.951,
      "pt": "wellfield",
      "wb": "Scioto River valley aquifer",
      "src": "Sand-and-gravel wells in the Scioto River valley aquifer at the city's Island Road well field/treatment plant site, just east of the river.",
      "cls": "groundwater",
      "in": [
        {
          "n": "Island Road well field",
          "wb": "Scioto River valley sand-and-gravel outwash (Teays-age valley aquifer)",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Four production wells at the Island Road plant site, each about 130 ft deep, drawing from valley outwash along the Scioto River (4 wells · ~130 ft average)",
          "la": 39.598,
          "lo": -82.951,
          "pt": "plant",
          "sh": 100,
          "wells": [
            "Well 5",
            "Well 2",
            "Well 4",
            "Well 6"
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": "Earnhart Hill interconnection",
          "wb": "N/A (emergency interconnection, not a well field)",
          "role": "emergency",
          "src": "2015 backup interconnection with the Earnhart Hill Water system for emergency supply, not a groundwater source itself",
          "la": 39.598,
          "lo": -82.951,
          "pt": "approximate"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1962",
        "Water treatment plant built west of the city, alongside the well field."
      ],
      [
        "1983",
        "Water treatment plant upgraded."
      ],
      [
        "1990",
        "Water treatment plant expanded."
      ],
      [
        "2012",
        "Water treatment plant upgraded again."
      ],
      [
        "2015",
        "June: emergency backup water system interconnection with the Earnhart Hill Water system completed, for emergency use only."
      ],
      [
        "2022",
        "Ohio EPA issued a finding of no significant impact for a $41.6 million wastewater plant upgrade financed through the Water Pollution Control Loan Fund, with about $19.5 million of it carrying 0%…"
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Four production wells, each averaging about 130 feet deep, draw from the Teays valley sand-and-gravel aquifer at the water plant site at 663 Island Road, west of the city. The plant is an iron and manganese removal facility — iron and manganese sand filters followed by chlorine disinfection —…",
    "press": "Not published. The 2025 CCR and the Ohio EPA environmental reviews reviewed here give no distribution pressure figure.",
    "rate": {
      "g": 8.9,
      "n": "2026 schedule, inside the city: $8.50 monthly service charge plus $6.66 per 100 cubic feet at every tier, which is $8.90 per 1,000 gallons (1 ccf = 748 gal) and about $53.02 a…",
      "m": 53.02
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Total Chlorine",
        "1.16",
        "ppm",
        "4.0 (MRDL)",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.99-1.27; disinfectant residual, compliant."
      ],
      [
        "Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "33.6",
        "ppb",
        "80",
        "2025",
        "Range 33.0-33.6; disinfection byproduct, compliant."
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)",
        "6.9",
        "ppb",
        "60",
        "2025",
        "Range 6.4-6.9; disinfection byproduct, compliant."
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "1.10",
        "ppm",
        "4",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.83-1.15; well under the MCL."
      ],
      [
        "Copper",
        "0.780",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 (Action…",
        "2025",
        "90th percentile, range of individual results 0.00-1.2; 0 of 30 samples over the action level. This is the highest…"
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.13",
        "ppm",
        "2",
        "2025",
        "Naturally occurring; compliant."
      ],
      [
        "Alpha emitters",
        "4.86",
        "pCi/L",
        "15",
        "2022",
        "Erosion of natural deposits; monitored less than annually."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Wastewater treatment plant upgrade",
        41600000,
        "2022",
        "under construction",
        "Ohio EPA Water Pollution Control Loan Fund project, about $37.8 million construction and $3.8 million engineering. Scope includes a new chemical feed system…"
      ],
      [
        "Annual water main flushing program",
        null,
        "2025",
        "completed",
        "Ongoing operating program rather than a capital job; the 2025 CCR says it was initiated to significantly reduce instances of discolored water."
      ],
      [
        "Lead service line inventory",
        null,
        "2024-2025",
        "completed",
        "Required under the Lead and Copper Rule. The inventory listing service line material by address is viewable at the Utilities Office, 108 E Franklin St, rather…"
      ],
      [
        "Walnut Street utility improvements (water main replacement)",
        1280051,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Ohio Water Supply Revolving Loan Account request to replace about 1,000 linear feet of deteriorated 6-inch cast iron main with 8-inch ductile iron serving 40…"
      ],
      [
        "Trunk sewer regionalization design",
        null,
        "2026",
        "planned",
        "Council passed emergency resolution 08.47-2026 on August 4, 2026 authorizing a Water Pollution Control Loan Fund design loan, repaid from Sanitary Sewer Fund…"
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Water treatment plant rebuild with reverse-osmosis membranes",
        56000000,
        "2030",
        "proposed",
        "Would replace the 1962 plant, cut hardness from about 380 mg/L to 120-130 mg/L, and position the city for federal PFAS rules and tightening standards on…"
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Ohio EPA's source water assessment rates the aquifer as having high susceptibility to contamination, on three grounds: a minimal thickness of protective clay above the aquifer, a shallow aquifer top less than 15 feet below ground surface, and significant potential contaminant sources inside the required protection area. The wells…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "City-owned wastewater treatment plant west of the city, rated at 4.0 MGD and handling about 2.0 MGD in dry weather, discharging to the Scioto River at river mile 99.2 — a reach designated warmwater habitat and a superior high quality water resource — and serving about 13,000 people. The collection system is roughly 70 miles of separate…",
      "st": "No stormwater fee appears on the city's 2026 water and sewer rate schedule. The city lists a stormwater management program but publishes no rate or fee structure, and whether any part of the collection system is combined is not stated; Ohio EPA describes the…"
    },
    "fun": [
      "Circleville's water plant has been worked over four times since it opened in 1962 — upgrades in 1983, 1990 and 2012 — and the city is now weighing a $56 million reverse-osmosis rebuild that would drop hardness from…",
      "The wells reach about 130 feet into the Teays aquifer, but the top of that aquifer sits less than 15 feet below the surface under a thin clay cover, which is why Ohio EPA calls it highly susceptible — even though every…",
      "The city finished an emergency backup connection to the Earnhart Hill system in June 2015 and, in 2025, did not draw a single gallon through it.",
      "Circleville sells water by the hundred cubic feet, and the arithmetic matters: at $6.66 per ccf plus an $8.50 service charge, 5,000 gallons costs about $53 a month, roughly $20 more than neighboring Washington Court…"
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Circleville-WWTP-LER-and-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Circleville-11419-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Circleville-11419-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/public_utilities/water-sewer-rates/",
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/",
        "https://www.recordherald.com/2026/02/12/wch-city-council-eyes-water-rate-hike-to-cover-rising-costs/"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Circleville-WWTP-LER-and-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Circleville-11419-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf",
        "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/08/11/circleville-council-oks-loan-to-design-trunk-sewer-regionalization-project/"
      ],
      "planned": [
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Circleville-11419-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Circleville-WWTP-LER-and-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Circleville-WWTP-LER-and-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/public_utilities/water-sewer-rates/",
        "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/08/11/circleville-council-oks-loan-to-design-trunk-sewer-regionalization-project/"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2025.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Circleville-11419-FNSI.pdf",
        "https://circlevilleoh.gov/public_utilities/water-sewer-rates/",
        "https://www.sciotopost.com/circleville-city-council-grapples-with-proposed-water-sewer-rate-hikes-to-fund-aging-infrastructure-and-future-proof-plant/"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "43113",
      "share": 0.5022,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH6500412.jpg",
    "caption": "Historic postcard of the state dam over the Scioto River at Circleville, Ohio",
    "credit": "This file was contributed to Wikimedia Commons by Columbus Metropolitan Library ",
    "license": "Public domain"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH6500412/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH6500412.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Circleville City · OH6500412\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH6500412/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}