{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH5501211",
  "name": "Piqua City",
  "county": "Miami",
  "population": 20354,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "river",
  "label": "Great Miami River + Ernst Gravel Pit + Swift Run Lake (hydraulic system)",
  "bodies": [
    "Great Miami River",
    "Ernst Gravel Pit",
    "Swift Run Lake (hydraulic system)"
  ],
  "intakes": [
    "Piqua Ernst Gravelpit Reser",
    "Piqua Miami River",
    "Piqua Swift Run Lake"
  ],
  "wells": 0,
  "aquifer": "",
  "notes": "Piqua blends three intakes seasonally: Great Miami River is primary by volume (~58%), Ernst Gravel Pit ~30% (preferred for quality), and the Swift Run Lake/hydraulic system (Swift Run Lake, Echo Lake, Frantz Pond, canals) ~12%, used March-September while the river is used October-March.",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.growpiquanow.org/why-piqua/water-resources",
    "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH5501211"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Piqua City Water Treatment Plant",
      "a": "Piqua, Miami County, OH 45356",
      "la": 40.1445,
      "lo": -84.2422,
      "pt": "approximate",
      "wb": "Great Miami River / Ernst Gravel Pit / Swift Run Lake",
      "src": "Great Miami River water supplemented by the Ernst gravel-pit reservoir and Swift Run Lake, part of an interconnected hydraulic storage system feeding the city plant",
      "cls": "river",
      "in": [
        {
          "n": "Ernst Gravel Pit Reservoir",
          "wb": "Ernst Gravel Pit (groundwater-fed pit lake)",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Groundwater-fed gravel pit off Lockington Road near Lockington, north of Piqua; preferred year-round source for its low organic content",
          "la": 40.1802,
          "lo": -84.2536,
          "pt": "approximate",
          "sh": 40
        },
        {
          "n": "Great Miami River intake",
          "wb": "Great Miami River",
          "role": "seasonal",
          "src": "River pump station supplying the plant from roughly October through March, supplementing the gravel pit and hydraulic system",
          "la": 40.145,
          "lo": -84.245,
          "pt": "approximate",
          "sh": 55
        },
        {
          "n": "Swift Run Lake (hydraulic system)",
          "wb": "Swift Run Lake / Piqua Hydraulic Canal system",
          "role": "seasonal",
          "src": "Canal-era lake within Piqua's historic hydraulic system (Swift Run Lake, Echo Lake, Frantz Pond); gravity-feeds the plant roughly March through September and can be recharged by pumping Great Miami River water into it",
          "la": 40.1467,
          "lo": -84.238,
          "pt": "approximate",
          "sh": 5
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "2003",
        "City completed its first Source Water Protection Plan and a Vulnerability Assessment under the 2002 Bioterrorism Preparedness Act."
      ],
      [
        "2005-2010",
        "Source monitoring found spring atrazine peaks of 85 ug/L in the Swift Run Lake reservoir and 33 ug/L in the Great Miami River, and TOC as high as 9.2 mg/L in the reservoir - both driven by row-crop…"
      ],
      [
        "2010",
        "A single algae sample taken July 27, 2010 confirmed cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the reservoir source."
      ],
      [
        "2011",
        "SWAP update (March 2011) found finished water compliant with all U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA rules but flagged the Stage 2 D/DBP rule for TTHMs as an upcoming challenge; documented a 7 MGD plant averaging…"
      ],
      [
        "2017-2020",
        "City built a roughly $42 million expansion/upgrade of its wastewater treatment plant under an Ohio EPA mandate to eliminate sanitary sewer overflows to the Great Miami River, financed through Ohio…"
      ],
      [
        "2025",
        "Ohio EPA performed a new assessment of Piqua's source water in June 2025; the city retains a current, unconditioned license to operate."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Conventional lime-softening surface water treatment at the Water Division plant, 9801 N. State Route 66. Raw water is drawn from three surface sources - the canal-era Piqua Hydraulic System (Swift Run Lake and connected lakes/canals), the Ernst gravel pit, and the Great Miami River at River Mile…",
    "press": "Average distribution pressure of 70 psi, delivered by high service pumps into a system of four storage tanks, two booster stations, 107 miles of piping, and over 2,000 valves and…",
    "rate": {
      "g": 10.4,
      "n": "Residential water (city rate page, monthly billing): base fee $27.00 for a 5/8\" meter (includes the first 1,000 gallons; base scales by meter size to $38.29 at 3/4\" and up to…",
      "m": 58.2
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "27.5",
        "ppb",
        "80 ppb MCL",
        "2025",
        "Range 21.8-33.5 ppb; the 2011 SWAP had flagged Stage 2 TTHM compliance as a coming challenge, and the current result is…"
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)",
        "5.2",
        "ppb",
        "60 ppb MCL",
        "2025",
        "Range ND-7.4 ppb."
      ],
      [
        "Nitrate",
        "3.29",
        "ppm",
        "10 ppm MCL",
        "2025",
        "Range ND-3.29 ppm; runoff from fertilizer and septic leaching."
      ],
      [
        "Atrazine",
        "0.08",
        "ppb",
        "3 ppb MCL",
        "2025",
        "Finished-water result; source-water monitoring in 2005-2010 saw seasonal spring peaks up to 85 ppb in the reservoir."
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "0.93",
        "ppm",
        "4 ppm MCL",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.80-1.30 ppm; added for dental health."
      ],
      [
        "Chlorine",
        "0.89",
        "ppm",
        "4 ppm MRDL",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.20-1.63 ppm."
      ],
      [
        "Total Organic Carbon (TOC)",
        "3.40",
        "ppb (as…",
        "Treatment…",
        "2025",
        "Range 1.70-3.40. Source-water TOC in 2005-2010 ran as high as 9.2 mg/L in the reservoir and averaged 6.1 mg/L there…"
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.042",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 ppm action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 sites above the action level."
      ],
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "ND",
        "ppb",
        "15 ppb action…",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 sites above the action level."
      ],
      [
        "Turbidity",
        "0.220",
        "NTU",
        "Treatment…",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.02-0.22 NTU; listed among unregulated substances in the CCR table."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Wastewater treatment plant expansion and upgrade",
        42000000,
        "2017-2020",
        "completed",
        "Ordered by Ohio EPA to eliminate sanitary sewer overflows into the Great Miami River before a new NPDES permit took effect; built by Peterson Construction with…"
      ],
      [
        "Lead and galvanized service line inventory (Lead and Copper Rule Revisions)",
        null,
        "2024-2026",
        "completed",
        "Inventory published at piquaoh.gov/1597; state-reported material counts were corrected and re-notified on 1/15/2026 after the reporting violation disclosed in…"
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Hydraulic Canal and Dam Safety Project (Swift Run Lake, Echo Lake and Franz Pond dams)",
        null,
        "2022-ongoing",
        "planned",
        "ODNR notified the city that its canal-era dam system was not designed to current extreme-weather safety standards; Stantec Consulting is doing evaluation…"
      ],
      [
        "Dedicated raw-water sample taps for each source at a rebuilt treatment plant",
        null,
        "2011",
        "proposed",
        "2011 SWAP recommended adding a sample tap for each of the three sources (river, gravel pit, reservoir) whenever the WTP is next redesigned, since per-source…"
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Piqua relies entirely on surface water. Part of its watershed sits over a federally/Ohio EPA-designated sole source aquifer, but the sand-and-gravel aquifer yields too little for city demand, so all supply comes from the hydraulic system, the Ernst gravel pit (limited to under 30% of needed volume) and the Great Miami River. Ohio EPA's…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "City of Piqua Utilities Department operates the wastewater system. The treatment plant was expanded and upgraded in a roughly $42 million project (construction began September 2017, compliance deadline March 2020) to eliminate sanitary sewer overflows of untreated wastewater into the Great Miami River, as required by Ohio EPA ahead of a…",
      "st": "The city runs a stormwater utility billed by Equivalent Residential Unit: $7.40 per month per ERU (1 ERU = 5,400 square feet of impervious area) for residential customers, and $7.40 times the number of ERUs for commercial and industrial customers."
    },
    "fun": [
      "Piqua's drinking water partly comes from a chain of Ohio canal-era lakes and canals still called the 'hydraulic system' - Swift Run Lake, Echo Lake and Franz Pond - blended with water from a converted gravel quarry and…",
      "The Ernst gravel pit is really two adjoining lakes: the 4.5-acre one Piqua owns, and a 32-acre neighbor in private residential ownership. It is the city's preferred source because its organic carbon is lowest, but it…",
      "Piqua sits in an area with a federally designated sole source aquifer and still cannot drink from it - the sand-and-gravel groundwater yield is too limited, so the city takes all of its water from the surface.",
      "A single algae sample collected July 27, 2010 confirmed cyanobacteria in the reservoir source; algae has been a tracked concern in the watershed ever since, and the city's lab now sells harmful-algal-bloom microcystin…",
      "Spring atrazine in the Swift Run Lake reservoir once peaked at 85 parts per billion - about 28 times the drinking water MCL - before treatment; the 2025 finished water measured 0.08 ppb."
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467",
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF",
        "https://www.wdtn.com/news/piqua-commission-approves-42-million-wastewater-project/1003209727/",
        "https://www.bowser-morner.com/projects/piqua-wastewater-treatment-plant"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467",
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF",
        "https://piquaoh.org/275/Water-Division"
      ],
      "pressure": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/273/Monthly-Water-Rates",
        "https://vandaliaohio.org/DocumentCenter/View/9215/2023-PIQUA-UTILITY-RATE-SURVEY"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF",
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://www.wdtn.com/news/piqua-commission-approves-42-million-wastewater-project/1003209727/",
        "https://www.bowser-morner.com/projects/piqua-wastewater-treatment-plant",
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF"
      ],
      "planned": [
        "https://www.piquaoh.gov/1644/Hydraulic-Canal-and-Dam-Safety-Project",
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467",
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://piquaoh.org/271/Sewer-Rates",
        "https://piquaoh.org/543/Stormwater-Rates",
        "https://www.wdtn.com/news/piqua-commission-approves-42-million-wastewater-project/1003209727/",
        "https://www.bowser-morner.com/projects/piqua-wastewater-treatment-plant"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://piquaoh.gov/documentcenter/view/467",
        "https://www.piquaoh.gov/1644/Hydraulic-Canal-and-Dam-Safety-Project",
        "https://piquaoh.gov/273/Monthly-Water-Rates",
        "https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3757/2026-Water-Quality-Report-PDF"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "45356",
      "share": 0.8026,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH5501211.jpg",
    "caption": "Great Miami River riverfront in Piqua, Ohio, one of Piqua's water sources",
    "credit": "Ohio Redevelopment Projects - ODSA",
    "license": "CC BY 2.0"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH5501211/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH5501211.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Piqua City · OH5501211\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH5501211/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}