{ "type": "water", "pwsid": "OH3600312", "name": "Greenfield Village", "county": "Highland", "population": 4600, "producer": true, "source_class": "groundwater", "label": "Groundwater wells (8 wells)", "bodies": [], "intakes": [], "wells": 8, "aquifer": "", "notes": "", "urls": [], "chain": [ "OH3600312" ], "plants": [], "facts": { "hist": [ [ "1893", "C.R. Patterson & Sons, described as the first African-American-owned car company in the United States, is founded in Greenfield; it began as a carriage builder and later made cars, buses and trucks." ], [ "1988", "The village buys the 29.5-mile rail line connecting it to the national network for $2.4 million rather than let it be decommissioned, becoming the smallest US municipality to own its own rail line." ], [ "2003", "July 1: a non-health-based 'Other' category violation opens in SDWIS; returned to compliance September 11, 2003." ], [ "2010", "February 1: Ohio EPA obligates $361,100 in Water Pollution Control Loan Fund money (half of it ARRA principal forgiveness) to replace defective manholes and stop sewer overflows into Paint Creek." ], [ "2019", "July 30: a monitoring and reporting violation opens; returned to compliance the next day, July 31, 2019." ], [ "2020", "July 30: a non-health-based 'Other' category violation opens; SDWIS records return to compliance on June 24, 2025, so it ran for nearly five years." ] ], "treat": "Thinly documented. The village operates its own groundwater plant on wells: EPA's facility inventory lists nine wells, eight of them active, plus a clearwell and a 1.9-million-gallon Edgewood Avenue tank. The only treatment process EPA has on file for the plant is gaseous pre-chlorination.…", "press": "Not published. No CCR, engineering report or pressure-zone document for Greenfield was located.", "rate": { "g": 6.5, "n": "Water rates from Ordinance 19-2022, adopted January 9, 2023 (amending codified section 921.01(a)), effective January 1, 2024: $25.62 for the first 1,000 gallons, $3.07 for the…", "m": 41.69 }, "imp": [ [ "Lead (90th percentile)", "0.0014", "mg/L", "0.015 (action…", "2025", "About 1.4 ppb, roughly a tenth of the action level; from EPA's lead and copper sample record, since no CCR is published." ], [ "Lead (90th percentile)", "0.0009", "mg/L", "0.015 (action…", "2024", "About 0.9 ppb; from EPA's lead and copper sample record." ] ], "proj": [ [ "Sanitary sewer line and manhole replacement (CDBG)", 750000, "2023", "planned", "Awarded November 2023 by the Ohio Department of Development. Replaces sewer lines, service lines, wyes, manholes and catch basins where inflow and infiltration…" ], [ "Manhole replacement to eliminate Paint Creek sewer overflows (WPCLF/ARRA)", 361100, "2010", "completed", "Half ARRA principal forgiveness, half low-interest WPCLF loan, obligated February 1, 2010." ] ], "plan": [ [ "3% annual water rate increase called for by Ordinance 19-2022", null, "2026", "needed", "Required by the ordinance every January from 2025 onward but, per April 2026 council discussion, never implemented by the prior administration; Council said it…" ] ], "stress": "Not documented as a quantity problem. The system draws eight active wells for about 4,600 people and 2,322 connections in Greenfield, in Highland and Ross counties. No Ohio EPA source water assessment, drought study or susceptibility rating for Greenfield was located, and EPA's records show no source water protection status for the…", "sew": { "s": "Village-operated and struggling with wet weather. The state's 2023 grant announcement described Greenfield's collection system as plagued by severe inflow and infiltration causing wastewater to surface across the village, and awarded $750,000 in CDBG money to replace lines, service lines, wyes, manholes and catch basins in the worst…", "st": "Not documented. No village or state source located describes whether Greenfield's storm sewers are separate or combined, though the sewer projects funded catch basin replacement alongside sanitary work, which suggests intermixed drainage." }, "fun": [ "Greenfield publishes essentially nothing about its water system: no consumer confidence report, no water department page, and no water projects on the village's own current-projects page. Almost everything verifiable…", "EPA's administrative contact for the village water system is Jeremiah Oyer at policechief@greenfieldohio.net - the town's police chief is the person on file for the drinking water system.", "In 1988 the village bought the 29.5-mile rail line linking it to the national network for $2.4 million rather than lose freight service, making it the smallest municipality in the country to own its own railroad.", "C.R. Patterson & Sons, founded in Greenfield in 1893, is described as the first African-American-owned car company in the United States; it began building horse-drawn buggies before moving to cars, buses and trucks.", "The village's water and sewer fund was losing money every year until DLZ Ohio's rate study led to Ordinance 19-2022, which raised the water usage base rate 20% in one step in January 2023." ], "src": { "history": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield,_Ohio", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/VIOLATION/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://cms9files.revize.com/villageofgreenfieldoh/Ordinance%20No.%2019-2022%20-%20An%20Ordinance%20Authorizing%20the%20Change%20of%20Water%20Rates%20for%20the%20Village%20of%20Greenfield,%20Ohio.pdf", "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2023/11/20/greenfield-to-receive-almost-a-million-dollars-for-water-upgrades/" ], "treatment": [ "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/TREATMENT/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/WATER_SYSTEM_FACILITY/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON" ], "rates": [ "https://cms9files.revize.com/villageofgreenfieldoh/Ordinance%20No.%2019-2022%20-%20An%20Ordinance%20Authorizing%20the%20Change%20of%20Water%20Rates%20for%20the%20Village%20of%20Greenfield,%20Ohio.pdf", "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/greenfield/latest/greenfield_oh/0-0-0-10746", "https://www.timesgazette.com/2026/04/22/water-rate-issues-raised-during-greenfield-council/" ], "impurities": [ "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/LCR_SAMPLE/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/LCR_SAMPLE_RESULT/SAMPLE_ID/OH88648/JSON", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/LCR_SAMPLE_RESULT/SAMPLE_ID/OH86342/JSON" ], "projects": [ "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2023/11/20/greenfield-to-receive-almost-a-million-dollars-for-water-upgrades/", "https://highlandcountypress.com/index.php/news/greenfield-project-among-latest-combined-ohio-epa-and-american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act" ], "planned": [ "https://cms9files.revize.com/villageofgreenfieldoh/Ordinance%20No.%2019-2022%20-%20An%20Ordinance%20Authorizing%20the%20Change%20of%20Water%20Rates%20for%20the%20Village%20of%20Greenfield,%20Ohio.pdf", "https://www.timesgazette.com/2026/04/22/water-rate-issues-raised-during-greenfield-council/" ], "water_stress": [ "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/WATER_SYSTEM/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/WATER_SYSTEM_FACILITY/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield,_Ohio", "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2023/11/20/greenfield-to-receive-almost-a-million-dollars-for-water-upgrades/" ], "sewer": [ "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2023/11/20/greenfield-to-receive-almost-a-million-dollars-for-water-upgrades/", "https://highlandcountypress.com/index.php/news/greenfield-project-among-latest-combined-ohio-epa-and-american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act", "https://cms9files.revize.com/villageofgreenfieldoh/Ordinance%20No.%2019-2022%20-%20An%20Ordinance%20Authorizing%20the%20Change%20of%20Water%20Rates%20for%20the%20Village%20of%20Greenfield,%20Ohio.pdf" ], "fun_facts": [ "https://www.greenfieldohio.net/officials_contact_us/city_manager.php", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/WATER_SYSTEM/PWSID/OH3600312/JSON", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield,_Ohio", "https://cms9files.revize.com/villageofgreenfieldoh/Ordinance%20No.%2019-2022%20-%20An%20Ordinance%20Authorizing%20the%20Change%20of%20Water%20Rates%20for%20the%20Village%20of%20Greenfield,%20Ohio.pdf" ] } }, "zips_served": [ { "zip": "45123", "share": 0.5155, "dominant": true } ], "photo": { "url": "/photos/OH3600312.jpg", "caption": "Central business district intersection in Greenfield, Ohio (Highland County)", "credit": "Aesopposea", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0" }, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH3600312/", "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH3600312.json", "generated": "2026-09-16", "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms", "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Greenfield Village · OH3600312\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH3600312/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].", "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json" }