{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH2301112",
  "name": "Lithopolis Village",
  "county": "Fairfield",
  "population": 1573,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "groundwater",
  "label": "Groundwater wells (3 wells)",
  "bodies": [],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": 3,
  "aquifer": "",
  "notes": "",
  "urls": [],
  "chain": [
    "OH2301112"
  ],
  "plants": [],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1815",
        "Village laid out under the original name Centerville, near a stone quarry."
      ],
      [
        "1827",
        "A post office opens under the name Lithopolis, Greek for 'stone city.'"
      ],
      [
        "2003",
        "Ohio EPA source water assessment finds the village's shallow sand-and-gravel aquifer has 'high susceptibility to contamination,' prompting a Wellhead Protection Ordinance (19-11)."
      ],
      [
        "2010-2020",
        "Population grows 92.9% (1,106 to 2,134) per U.S. Census, as the village suburbanizes."
      ],
      [
        "2022-2023",
        "Village performs comprehensive maintenance on all three wells: pumps and discharge pipes replaced, wells cleaned and sterilized."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Groundwater from three wells in a sand-and-gravel aquifer covered by only ~10 ft of low-permeability material, with depth to water under 15 ft. Treatment and storage capacity is 500,000 gallons/day; chlorine disinfection is used (total chlorine residual 1.22 ppm, range 0.8-1.7 in 2025). The 2025…",
    "press": "Not published; no CCR or engineering-report pressure figure found.",
    "rate": {
      "g": 7.73,
      "n": "In-town residential water rate is $7.73/1,000 gal; out-of-town customers pay $11.21/1,000 gal. Separate sewer ($9.08/1,000 gal in-town, $13.17 out-of-town) and a flat $5.00/month…",
      "m": null
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "15.5",
        "ppb",
        "80",
        "2025",
        "Range 2.6-15.5 ppb; disinfection byproduct, no violation."
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)",
        "<6",
        "ppb",
        "60",
        "2025",
        "Not detected above reporting limit."
      ],
      [
        "Total Chlorine",
        "1.22",
        "ppm",
        "4 (MRDL)",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.8-1.7 ppm; disinfectant residual."
      ],
      [
        "Arsenic",
        "0.9",
        "ppb",
        "10",
        "2023",
        "Naturally occurring; well below MCL."
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.547",
        "ppm",
        "2",
        "2023",
        "Naturally occurring."
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "0.38",
        "ppm",
        "4",
        "2023",
        "Naturally occurring."
      ],
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "3.1",
        "ppb",
        "15 (AL)",
        "2025",
        "0 of 10 samples exceeded action level; no lead service lines in system."
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.145",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 (AL)",
        "2025",
        "0 of 10 samples exceeded action level."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Well field rehabilitation (all 3 wells)",
        null,
        "2022-2023",
        "completed",
        "Pumps and discharge pipes replaced; wells cleaned and sterilized."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [],
    "stress": "Aquifer is shallow (<15 ft) with only ~10 ft of low-permeability cover, rated 'high susceptibility to contamination' in the village's 2003 Ohio EPA source water assessment; the village relies on a Wellhead Protection Ordinance and participation in the Fairfield County Regional Drinking Water Source Protection Plan rather than treatment…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "Village operates its own sanitary sewer utility, billed alongside water ($9.08/1,000 gal in-town, $13.17 out-of-town); the treatment plant's name, capacity, and receiving stream were not found in sources reviewed.",
      "st": "A separate $5.00/month stormwater charge is billed, indicating a distinct stormwater utility; no reported flooding issues found."
    },
    "fun": [
      "The name Lithopolis is Greek for 'stone city,' a nod to a limestone quarry near the original townsite (originally platted as Centerville in 1815).",
      "The village maintains an emergency interconnect with the Canal Winchester water system that, per the 2025 CCR, 'has not yet been used to supply water to Lithopolis residents.'",
      "Lithopolis's population grew 92.9% between 2010 and 2020 (1,106 to 2,134), among the faster growth rates for a small Ohio village, adding pressure to a water system drawing from a shallow, contamination-prone aquifer."
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithopolis,_Ohio",
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf",
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/departments/utility-department/"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/departments/utility-department/"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/departments/utility-department/"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://www.lithopolis.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LITHOPOLIS-2025-CCR.pdf",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithopolis,_Ohio"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "43136",
      "share": 0.9752,
      "dominant": true
    },
    {
      "zip": "43110",
      "share": 0.0023,
      "dominant": false
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH2301112.jpg",
    "caption": "Street scene in Lithopolis, Ohio, a Fairfield County village served by three groundwater wells",
    "credit": "Ɱ",
    "license": "CC0"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH2301112/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH2301112.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Lithopolis Village · OH2301112\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH2301112/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}