{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH1801003",
  "name": "Lakewood City",
  "county": "Cuyahoga",
  "population": 50942,
  "producer": false,
  "source_class": "erie",
  "label": "Lake Erie",
  "bodies": [
    "Lake Erie"
  ],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": null,
  "aquifer": "",
  "notes": "Lakewood buys 100% of its treated water from Cleveland Public Water System, whose source is Lake Erie.",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.lakewoodoh.gov/water-wastewater-collection/",
    "https://www.clevelandwater.com/your-water/lake-erie"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH1801003",
    "OH1801212"
  ],
  "plants": [],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1856",
        "Cleveland's municipal water system, Lakewood's eventual supplier, first delivered Lake Erie water in September through a 50-inch tunnel."
      ],
      [
        "1889",
        "Lakewood incorporated as a village; it never built a water treatment plant of its own, buying finished water from Cleveland instead."
      ],
      [
        "2022",
        "US EPA and Ohio filed an interim partial consent decree over at least 1,933 raw sewage discharges to the Rocky River and Lake Erie since January 2016."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Lakewood treats no water of its own. It buys 100% finished drinking water wholesale from the City of Cleveland Division of Water, which draws from four intakes far offshore in Lake Erie's Central Basin and treats with potassium permanganate, alum, powdered activated carbon, filtration and chlorine.…",
    "press": "not published; Lakewood states it does not adjust pressure on the water it receives from Cleveland",
    "rate": {
      "g": 12.91,
      "n": "Effective Jan. 1, 2026: $9.66 per ccf for water ($12.91 per 1,000 gal) and $11.04 per ccf for sewer, plus a $5 impervious surface fee per 2,800 sq ft equivalent residential unit.…",
      "m": 0
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "24.75",
        "ppb",
        "MCL 80",
        "2024",
        "Range 11.63-24.75; well under the limit"
      ],
      [
        "Haloacetic acids (HAA5)",
        "12.77",
        "ppb",
        "MCL 60",
        "2024",
        "Range 6.63-12.77"
      ],
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "1.66",
        "ppb",
        "AL 15",
        "2024",
        "0 of 32 Lakewood samples exceeded the action level"
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.053",
        "ppm",
        "AL 1.3",
        "2024",
        "0 of 32 Lakewood samples exceeded the action level"
      ],
      [
        "Total chlorine",
        "1.16",
        "ppm",
        "MRDL 4",
        "2024",
        "Range 0.94-1.34 in Lakewood's distribution system"
      ],
      [
        "Turbidity",
        "0.09",
        "NTU",
        "TT: 1.0 NTU max",
        "2024",
        "Cleveland system's highest 2024 result; limit met in 100% of samples"
      ],
      [
        "Cyanide",
        "40",
        "ppb",
        "MCL 200",
        "2024",
        "One Cleveland plant only; utility calls it a likely anomaly, no other facility detected it"
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Consent decree sewer improvements (Integrated Wet Weather Improvement Plan)",
        85000000,
        "2022-",
        "under construction",
        "High-rate CSO treatment, two large wet-weather storage basins, pipe lining and repair, plus a $100,000 penalty split evenly between the US and Ohio."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Remaining CSO and SSO control work under the interim consent decree",
        null,
        "",
        "planned",
        "The 2022 decree is a partial settlement; the city expects the wet-weather program to take decades, working from the largest overflow points down."
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "The supply itself is not constrained - Lake Erie via Cleveland, whose offshore intakes Ohio EPA rates as low susceptibility. The pressure is on the sewer side: an aging, largely combined collection system that discharged raw sewage into the Rocky River and Lake Erie on nearly 2,000 occasions since 2016 and is now under federal decree.…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "Lakewood operates its own collection system and its own Wastewater Treatment Plant at 1699 Valley Parkway (a Public Works division), discharging toward Lake Erie and the Rocky River - it is not treated by the regional district. Under a 2022 federal and state interim partial consent decree after at least 1,933 alleged raw sewage…",
      "st": "About 166 miles of largely combined storm and sanitary sewer main, which is what drives the CSO consent decree work. The city funds stormwater management through an impervious surface fee, $5 per 2,800 sq ft equivalent residential unit as of 2026."
    },
    "fun": [
      "Lakewood has never built a water treatment plant. It buys finished water from Cleveland and, by its own description, does not add a single chemical or even adjust the pressure before it reaches taps.",
      "A 2022 federal consent decree counted at least 1,933 raw sewage discharges from Lakewood's sewers into the Rocky River and Lake Erie since January 2016, triggering an $85 million fix.",
      "Roughly 166 miles of Lakewood sewer main carry sewage and storm runoff in the same pipe, so a hard rain is what pushes overflows into the river.",
      "Cleveland's waterworks, Lakewood's sole supplier, first pulled Lake Erie water in September 1856 - and delivered all of about 38,000 gallons a day that first year."
    ]
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "44107",
      "share": 0.9771,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": null,
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1801003/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH1801003.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Lakewood City · OH1801003\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1801003/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}