{ "type": "water", "pwsid": "OH1500312", "name": "Columbiana City", "county": "Columbiana", "population": 6727, "producer": true, "source_class": "groundwater", "label": "Groundwater wells (11 wells)", "bodies": [], "intakes": [], "wells": 11, "aquifer": "", "notes": "", "urls": [], "chain": [ "OH1500312" ], "plants": [], "facts": { "hist": [ [ "1934", "Original City of Columbiana water treatment plant and raw water well field constructed." ], [ "1954", "Major modifications to the water treatment plant and well field." ], [ "1977", "Second round of major modifications to the plant and well field; the resulting facility had a peak capacity of 1.0 MGD and nine raw water wells." ], [ "2006", "City concluded the existing plant was beyond its useful life and could not be modified or expanded to meet demand or current standards; authorized design of an entirely new plant." ], [ "2014", "Water customers began paying an $11.00 monthly surcharge to build a fund demonstrating to USDA Rural Development that the city could repay a construction loan." ], [ "2016", "Construction began on an all-new 2.25 MGD water treatment plant just north of the old plant site, with two new raw water wells and about 19,100 linear feet of raw water main; completed over two years…" ] ], "treat": "Groundwater from 11 wells (grouped in six well fields) in the aquifer assigned to the Allegheny Formation, Pennsylvanian age. The 2016-2018 replacement plant has a peak capacity of 2.25 MGD and treats by conventional lime softening, aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, stabilization, chlorination…", "press": "Not published. No pressure figures or pressure-zone map appear in the CCR or on the city site. The 2025 CCR does report two finished-water storage tanks of 1,000,000 and 500,000…", "rate": { "g": null, "n": "No water rate schedule is published on columbianaohio.gov, and the city's codified ordinances (American Legal Publishing) blocked automated retrieval, so no per-1,000-gallon…", "m": null }, "imp": [ [ "Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)", "25.9", "ug/L", "80 ug/L MCL", "2025", "Sample location DS201, 7/30/2025; DS202 was 16.9 ug/L. No violation." ], [ "Haloacetic acids (HAA5)", "6.85", "ug/L", "60 ug/L MCL", "2025", "Sample location DS201, 7/30/2025; DS202 was 6.36 ug/L. No violation." ], [ "Fluoride", "1.125", "mg/L", "4.0 mg/L MCL", "2025", "Added as a water treatment additive; daily operational tests average 0.98 mg/L." ], [ "Nitrate (as N)", "0.333", "mg/L", "10 mg/L MCL", "2024", "Well below the MCL." ], [ "Radium 228", "0.399", "pCi/L", "5 pCi/L MCL", "2023", "Erosion of natural deposits; reported with a +/- 0.377 pCi/L counting uncertainty." ], [ "Selenium", "1.80", "ug/L", "50 ug/L MCL", "2023", "" ], [ "Lead", "0.0", "ppb", "15 ppb action…", "2023", "90th percentile; 0 of 20 samples exceeded the action level." ], [ "Copper", "0.0133", "ppm", "1.3 ppm action…", "2023", "90th percentile; 0 of 20 samples exceeded the action level." ], [ "Total chlorine", "1.00", "ppm", "4 ppm MRDL", "2024-202…", "Running average 0.9986 ppm, range 0.90 to 1.05 ppm, April 2024 through December 2025." ], [ "Lithium", "11.0", "ppb", "unregulated…", "2025", "The only analyte detected of 29 tested in the April and October 2025 UCMR 5 rounds; the six regulated PFAS (PFOA, PFOS…" ] ], "proj": [ [ "New 2.25 MGD water treatment plant, two new raw water wells and 19,100 ft of raw water main; demolition of…", 20493000, "2016-2018", "completed", "Funded with an $8,439,000 USDA Rural Development grant and an $11,224,000 USDA-RD loan, with the balance from Ohio Public Works Commission funds and direct…" ], [ "Crestview 8-inch raw water line and two new wells", 1190414, "2025", "completed", "11,408 linear feet (2.16 miles) installed by directional boring, capacity 1.382 MGD; line completed May 2025. The CCR gives about $1.3 million in full funding…" ], [ "Standby generator for wells #1 and #2", 77614, "2025", "completed", "Funded largely by a $50,000 grant; the Water Department paid $27,614." ] ], "plan": [ [ "Second well-site standby generator", 42486, "2026", "under construction", "Delivered May 20, 2026, with the automatic transfer switch due in June; awaiting a concrete pad and wiring. Once installed the plant will have 1.38 MGD of…" ], [ "Electrical imaging (EI) geophysical survey for new well sites north of the water plant", 21000, "unknown", "planned", "About 23.2 acres to be surveyed; the CCR estimates $17,500 to $21,000. A fracture trace study, the first step, is already complete. Overhead and underground…" ], [ "Additional production wells along the new and existing raw water lines", null, "", "planned", "Goal is to secure long-term supply and to raise raw water capacity from 1.38 MGD to the plant's 2.25 MGD maximum." ], [ "Additional standby generators to cover the full 2.25 MGD plant capacity", null, "", "needed", "The Water Department says it is seeking grants and other funding." ] ], "stress": "The Ohio EPA source water assessment rates the likelihood of the aquifer becoming contaminated as relatively low to moderate under existing conditions, and the city has an active wellhead protection posture plus a backflow and cross-connection program. The binding constraint is quantity, not quality: the plant can treat 2.25 MGD but raw…", "sew": { "s": "The City of Columbiana operates its own Waste Water Department for sanitary sewer service (utility billing 330-482-2173 option 1; after-hours emergencies via police dispatch 330-482-9292). No treatment plant description, capacity, receiving stream or rate schedule is published on the city website.", "st": "Not published; no storm sewer or stormwater utility information appears on the city site." }, "fun": [ "Columbiana's finished water leaves the plant at pH 9.4, a signature of conventional lime softening; the CCR notes the water is stable to slightly scale-forming.", "The 2016-2018 plant replaced one that had been in service since 1934, and customers started paying an $11 monthly surcharge in 2014 purely to prove to USDA Rural Development that the city could repay the construction…", "The city is prospecting for water like a mining company: it has already run a fracture trace study along its raw water lines and plans an electrical imaging survey over 23.2 acres north of the plant to pinpoint where to…", "Of the 29 analytes tested in the 2025 UCMR 5 rounds, only lithium was detected; the six regulated PFAS compounds were not found.", "The system ran 195 samples and 96 bacterial tests in 2025 from 48 daily sampling points, with no total coliform detections and no violations." ], "src": { "history": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov", "https://columbianaohio.gov/water/water-quality-report-archive/" ], "treatment": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "pressure": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "rates": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov", "https://columbianaohio.gov/water/", "https://www.invoicecloud.com/columbianaoh" ], "impurities": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "projects": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "planned": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "water_stress": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ], "sewer": [ "https://columbianaohio.gov/waste-water/" ], "fun_facts": [ "https://2025wqr.columbianaohio.gov" ] } }, "zips_served": [ { "zip": "44408", "share": 0.6428, "dominant": true } ], "photo": { "url": "/photos/OH1500312.jpg", "caption": "Courthouse building in Columbiana, Ohio", "credit": "636Buster", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0" }, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1500312/", "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH1500312.json", "generated": "2026-09-16", "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms", "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Columbiana City · OH1500312\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1500312/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].", "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json" }