{
  "type": "water",
  "pwsid": "OH1101212",
  "name": "Urbana City",
  "county": "Champaign",
  "population": 11428,
  "producer": true,
  "source_class": "groundwater",
  "label": "local wells (sand and gravel outwash aquifer)",
  "bodies": [],
  "intakes": [],
  "wells": 5,
  "aquifer": "",
  "notes": "Urbana draws from multiple well fields (e.g. SR 29 West, Old Troy Pike) in a glacial sand-and-gravel outwash aquifer; no single named river-valley aquifer was documented, so kept as 'local wells'.",
  "urls": [
    "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html",
    "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2018.pdf"
  ],
  "chain": [
    "OH1101212"
  ],
  "plants": [
    {
      "n": "Urbana City Water Division (Old Troy Pike Plant + SR 29 Plant, blended distribut",
      "a": "Urbana, Ohio (city water division; no separate street addresses published for the two well-field treatment sites)",
      "la": 40.1084,
      "lo": -83.7527,
      "pt": "approximate",
      "wb": "Mad River Buried Valley Aquifer (sand and gravel outwash, glacial buried valley)",
      "src": "Groundwater from two municipal well fields feeding two treatment plants -- one near Old Troy Pike (GAC filtration) and one near State Route 29 (pressure filtration for iron/manganese) -- both drawing from the same high-yield buried-valley aquifer…",
      "cls": "groundwater",
      "in": [
        {
          "n": "Old Troy Pike Well Field",
          "wb": "Sand-and-gravel glacial outwash aquifer (same high-yield aquifer as the SR 29 field)",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Well field near Old Troy Pike feeding the GAC-filtration plant; part of a two-field, blended municipal supply for Urbana.",
          "la": 40.1084,
          "lo": -83.7527,
          "pt": "plant"
        },
        {
          "n": "SR 29 Well Field",
          "wb": "Sand-and-gravel glacial outwash aquifer (same high-yield aquifer as the Old Troy Pike field)",
          "role": "primary",
          "src": "Well field near State Route 29 feeding a pressure-filtration plant that removes naturally occurring iron and manganese; part of a two-field, blended municipal supply for Urbana.",
          "la": 40.1084,
          "lo": -83.7527,
          "pt": "plant"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": {
    "hist": [
      [
        "1915",
        "Urbana's first sewage treatment plant built at the site of the present Water Reclamation Facility."
      ],
      [
        "1954",
        "New 1.5 MGD wastewater treatment plant constructed."
      ],
      [
        "1973",
        "Wastewater plant expanded with aeration tanks and aerobic digesters to 3 MGD."
      ],
      [
        "1991",
        "Ohio EPA source-water study found nitrate, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in both raw and treated water at levels of concern - the documented start of a manmade influence on the aquifer that…"
      ],
      [
        "2013-2015",
        "New 4.5 MGD oxidation-ditch Water Reclamation Facility built (construction September 2013 to September 2015)."
      ],
      [
        "2015",
        "Phase 1 of the multiyear water main replacement completed: E. Court, E. Church and E. Ward Streets between Main St. and Jefferson Ave., plus Amherst and Wooddale Drive."
      ]
    ],
    "treat": "Five operating wells in two well fields - SR 29 West and Old Troy Pike - drawing on the Mad River Buried Valley Aquifer and feeding two treatment plants that share the same high-yield aquifer, so finished-water chemistry stays stable year round. Disinfection is with sodium hypochlorite. A granular…",
    "press": "No psi figure is published. The system is described in terms of zones instead: two booster stations, in service since 2025, lift water from the low-pressure to the high-pressure…",
    "rate": {
      "g": null,
      "n": "Not substantiated, so left empty rather than estimated. Urbana posts 'Water Rate and Fee Information' and 'Sewer Rate and Fee Information' only as downloads from its Utility…",
      "m": null
    },
    "imp": [
      [
        "Lead (90th percentile)",
        "5.5",
        "ppb",
        "15 (AL)",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 samples over the action level; no individual results above the AL."
      ],
      [
        "Copper (90th percentile)",
        "0.149",
        "ppm",
        "1.3 (AL)",
        "2025",
        "0 of 30 samples over the action level."
      ],
      [
        "Total chlorine",
        "0.96",
        "ppm",
        "4 (MRDL)",
        "2025",
        "Range 0.89 to 1.1 ppm; sodium hypochlorite."
      ],
      [
        "Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)",
        "5.2",
        "ppb",
        "80",
        "2025",
        "Range 1.5 to 5.2 ppb - very low, as expected for a groundwater system with little organic carbon."
      ],
      [
        "Nitrate",
        "2.45",
        "ppm",
        "10",
        "2025",
        "Range 1.77 to 2.45 ppm. Ohio EPA links elevated nitrate in this aquifer to manmade influence documented since 1991."
      ],
      [
        "1,1,1-Trichloroethane",
        "0.05",
        "ppb",
        "200",
        "2025",
        "Range <0.08 to 0.1 ppb. Discharge from metal degreasing sites - the same industrial signature as the aquifer's PCE/TCE…"
      ],
      [
        "Gross alpha radioactivity",
        "4.67",
        "pCi/L",
        "15",
        "2022",
        "Naturally occurring radiological decay; monitored less than annually."
      ],
      [
        "Fluoride",
        "0.27",
        "ppm",
        "4",
        "2023",
        "Range 0.19 to 0.27 ppm. Naturally occurring - the city does not fluoridate."
      ],
      [
        "Barium",
        "0.173",
        "ppm",
        "2",
        "2023",
        "Range 0.11 to 0.173 ppm; erosion of natural deposits."
      ],
      [
        "Selenium",
        "3.6",
        "ppb",
        "50",
        "2023",
        "Well below the MCL."
      ]
    ],
    "proj": [
      [
        "Phase 1 water main replacement",
        null,
        "2015",
        "completed",
        "E. Court, E. Church and E. Ward Streets between Main St. and Jefferson Ave., plus Amherst and Wooddale Drive. No cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Phase 2 water main replacement",
        null,
        "unknown",
        "completed",
        "Scioto St., Ames, Finch and Crescent. The 2025 CCR states the phase is complete but gives no completion year and no cost; the earlier draft's '2025' is not…"
      ],
      [
        "System-wide water meter replacement",
        null,
        "2022",
        "completed",
        "No cost published."
      ],
      [
        "South High Street water line replacement",
        null,
        "unknown",
        "completed",
        "Partial replacement from Miami St. to State Route 55. The CCR states it is complete but does not date it; the earlier draft's '2022' is not supported. No cost…"
      ],
      [
        "Two new booster stations",
        null,
        "2025",
        "completed",
        "In service since 2025, moving water from the low to the high pressure zone on the east end. No cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Service line inventory and customer notifications",
        null,
        "2025",
        "completed",
        "Inventory submitted to Ohio EPA January 8, 2025 after missing the October 16, 2024 federal deadline; lead mapping complete and the inventory posted for 2026.…"
      ],
      [
        "West Court Bridge water main connection",
        null,
        "2026",
        "under construction",
        "New water main connection carried on the West Court Bridge project, completing summer 2026. No cost published."
      ]
    ],
    "plan": [
      [
        "Grimes Area water line replacement",
        null,
        "2026-2027",
        "planned",
        "Set to begin in 2026 and wrap up in 2027 per the 2025 CCR. No cost published."
      ],
      [
        "Lead service line replacement plan (Get the Lead Out)",
        null,
        "2027",
        "planned",
        "US EPA requires Urbana to submit its replacement plan by November 2027; the city is partnering with the Get the Lead Out program. No cost published."
      ]
    ],
    "stress": "Ohio EPA's source water assessment rates the aquifer supplying both the SR 29 West and Old Troy Pike well fields as HIGHLY susceptible to contamination, on four grounds: no protective clay layer over the aquifer, a shallow water table less than 30 feet below the surface, significant potential contaminant sources inside the protection…",
    "sew": {
      "s": "City of Urbana Water Reclamation Facility, an oxidation-ditch plant built September 2013 to September 2015 with an average design flow of 4.5 MGD and a peak flow of 9.25 MGD, discharging under an NPDES permit into the Mad River watershed. The site's history runs back to a 1915 plant, a 1.5 MGD plant in 1954, a 1973 expansion to 3 MGD…",
      "st": "Not published. No stormwater utility, storm sewer fee, or storm system description was found on the city's pages during this pass."
    },
    "fun": [
      "Urbana's tap water is naturally very hard - 315 to 350 mg/L, about 20 grains - and the city neither softens nor fluoridates it; the CCR simply tells residents to set their home softeners no higher than 16 grains.",
      "Some of Urbana's 87 miles of water main are over a hundred years old. The CCR is blunt about what patching them accomplishes: the water pressure just 'will find the next weakest point in the line.'",
      "The city produced 666,474,100 gallons of drinking water in 2025 from just five wells.",
      "Ohio EPA has found nitrate, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in Urbana's raw and treated water at levels of concern since 1991 - a documented manmade fingerprint on the aquifer that the city answers with granular…",
      "All three of Urbana's 2024-25 Ohio EPA citations were paperwork under the new lead service line rules - a late inventory and uncertified notifications - not lead in the water; zero of 30 tap samples exceeded the lead…"
    ],
    "src": {
      "history": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water-reclamation-facility.html",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html"
      ],
      "treatment": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html"
      ],
      "pressure": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf"
      ],
      "rates": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/utility-billing2.html"
      ],
      "impurities": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf"
      ],
      "projects": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html"
      ],
      "planned": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water.html"
      ],
      "water_stress": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf"
      ],
      "sewer": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water-reclamation-facility.html",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/utility-billing2.html"
      ],
      "fun_facts": [
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/uploads/1/2/4/6/124631710/ccr-2025.pdf",
        "https://www.urbanaohio.com/water-reclamation-facility.html"
      ]
    }
  },
  "zips_served": [
    {
      "zip": "43078",
      "share": 0.5525,
      "dominant": true
    }
  ],
  "photo": {
    "url": "/photos/OH1101212.jpg",
    "caption": "Champaign County Courthouse in Urbana, Ohio",
    "credit": "Nyttend",
    "license": "Public domain"
  },
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1101212/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH1101212.json",
  "generated": "2026-09-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Urbana City · OH1101212\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH1101212/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json"
}