{ "type": "water", "pwsid": "OH0900715", "name": "Fairfield City", "county": "Butler", "population": 44907, "producer": true, "source_class": "groundwater", "label": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer (wells)", "bodies": [], "intakes": [], "wells": 6, "aquifer": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer", "notes": "6 deep wells draw from the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer; Fairfield participates in the Hamilton-to-New Baltimore Groundwater Consortium protecting this shared aquifer.", "urls": [ "https://www.fairfield-city.org/282/Water", "https://data.epa.gov/efservice/WATER_SYSTEM_FACILITY/PWSID/OH0900715/JSON", "https://www.hamilton-oh.gov/utility-operations" ], "chain": [ "OH0900715" ], "plants": [ { "n": "Fairfield Water Treatment Plant", "a": "5021 Groh Lane, Fairfield, OH 45014", "la": 39.3298, "lo": -84.5602, "pt": "plant", "wb": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer", "src": "Six deep wells pumping the Great Miami buried-valley aquifer at the Groh Lane well field/plant site", "cls": "groundwater", "in": [ { "n": "Groh Lane Well Field", "wb": "Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer - glacial sand and gravel laid down more than 10,000 years ago in a buried bedrock valley, one of the…", "role": "primary", "src": "Six deep wells at the Groh Lane plant and Water Works Park, pumping over 2 billion gallons a year from the buried-valley gravels (6 wells · not published)", "la": 39.342, "lo": -84.584, "pt": "plant", "sh": 100, "wells": [ "Well 3R", "Well 4", "Well 5", "Well 6", "Well 7", "Well 8" ] } ] } ], "facts": { "hist": [ [ "1956", "Original water treatment plant built on Groh Lane with 750,000 gallons-per-day capacity." ], [ "1963", "Plant doubled in size, raising production to 1.5 MGD." ], [ "1983", "First lime-softening phase added: two solid-contact clarifiers of 2.5 MGD each." ], [ "1998-2000", "Second lime-softening phase adds two more 2.5 MGD clarifiers, lime-plant capacity reaches 9.1 MGD, and the ion-exchange train is dismantled." ], [ "2025", "City activates an emergency interconnection with Butler County, flowing 1,518,554 gallons into the Fairfield system." ] ], "treat": "Six deep wells draw the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer; water is aerated to strip CO2, lime-softened in solid-contact clarifiers, pH-adjusted by recarbonation, disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, filtered, fluoridated, and held in a clear well.", "press": "Not published. No psi figure or zone map found; the city describes about 200 miles of main with storage towers, pump stations and pressure regulators.", "rate": { "g": 5.41, "n": "3/4-inch meter: $17.70/month minimum covers 3,000 gal, then $5.41/1,000 gal. Sewer is $20.67 plus $6.89/1,000 gal; trash $16.13/month.", "m": null }, "imp": [ [ "TTHM (total trihalomethanes)", "27.9", "ppb", "80", "2025", "Range 25.0-27.9 ppb, about a third of the limit." ], [ "HAA5 (haloacetic acids)", "3.8", "ppb", "60", "2025", "Range 2.4-3.8 ppb; very low for a chlorinated supply." ], [ "Lead (90th percentile)", "2.4", "ppb", "15 (action…", "2025", "60 homes sampled; 2 individual results over the AL, 90th percentile well under it." ], [ "Copper (90th percentile)", "0.024", "ppm", "1.3 (action…", "2025", "Zero of 60 samples over the action level." ], [ "Nitrate", "1.28", "ppm", "10", "2025", "Well under the MCL; background nitrate is one marker of aquifer vulnerability." ], [ "Fluoride", "1.14", "ppm", "4", "2025", "Added to promote strong teeth; range 0.65-1.14 ppm." ], [ "HFPO-DA (GenX)", "5.7", "ppt", "10 (EPA MCL)", "2023-202…", "UCMR5 detection; PFOA and PFOS both under 4 ppt, below the reporting limit." ], [ "Nickel", "0.091", "ppm", "0.1 (lifetime…", "2023", "Unregulated, no MCL; sits just under EPA's lifetime health advisory level." ] ], "proj": [], "plan": [], "stress": "Sole source is the Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer, which Ohio EPA calls highly susceptible: no protective clay cap, shallow water, nearby contaminant sources, low background nitrate. Fairfield activated an emergency Butler County interconnection in 2025, importing 1.5 million gallons.", "sew": { "s": "The City of Fairfield provides wastewater service as well as water; sewer is billed at a $20.67 monthly minimum for 3,000 gal plus $6.89/1,000 gal. Plant name, capacity, receiving stream, CSO status and any consent decree were not confirmed.", "st": "Not confirmed. No separate stormwater utility fee appears on the city's utility rate schedule, which lists only water, sewer and trash charges." }, "fun": [ "The plant pumped and treated over 2 billion gallons in 2025 from just six deep wells tapping sand and gravel that glaciers laid down more than 10,000 years ago.", "Lead is barely an issue here: the city reports no known lead water service lines or mains, and the 2025 90th-percentile result was 2.4 ppb against a 15 ppb action level.", "Fairfield keeps emergency interconnections with Butler County, Cincinnati and Hamilton, and used the Butler County one in 2025 for 1,518,554 gallons.", "The plant's original 1956 ion-exchange softening was retired as two-stage lime softening phased in between 1983 and 2000, lifting lime capacity to 9.1 MGD." ] }, "zips_served": [ { "zip": "45014", "share": 0.877, "dominant": true }, { "zip": "45011", "share": 0.0095, "dominant": false } ], "photo": null, "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH0900715/", "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/water/OH0900715.json", "generated": "2026-09-16", "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms", "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Fairfield City · OH0900715\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/water/OH0900715/, built 2026-09-16, accessed [date].", "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/schema.json" }