{
  "county": "Van Wert",
  "id": "van-wert",
  "notes": "All 44 presidential elections 1852-2024 present. Turnout 1996-2024 per the ruling's storage section (county-level turnout before 1996 is confirmed absent from the OH SOS portal per A/sources/CITATIONS.md; not this task's scope to invent from elsewhere).",
  "president": {
    "1852": [
      [
        "Franklin Pierce",
        "D",
        737,
        63.26
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott",
        "W",
        422,
        36.22
      ],
      [
        "John P. Hale",
        "FS",
        6,
        0.52
      ]
    ],
    "1856": [
      [
        "James Buchanan",
        "D",
        789,
        49.97
      ],
      [
        "John C. Frémont",
        "R",
        758,
        48.01
      ],
      [
        "Millard Fillmore",
        "AM",
        32,
        2.03
      ]
    ],
    "1860": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "R",
        1015,
        50.93
      ],
      [
        "Stephen A. Douglas",
        "D",
        959,
        48.12
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        19,
        0.95
      ]
    ],
    "1864": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "NU",
        1214,
        50.44
      ],
      [
        "George B. McClellan",
        "D",
        1193,
        49.56
      ]
    ],
    "1868": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1547,
        51.95
      ],
      [
        "Horatio Seymour",
        "D",
        1431,
        48.05
      ]
    ],
    "1872": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1805,
        51.62
      ],
      [
        "Horace Greeley",
        "LR",
        1686,
        48.21
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        6,
        0.17
      ]
    ],
    "1876": [
      [
        "Samuel J. Tilden",
        "D",
        2410,
        51.28
      ],
      [
        "Rutherford B. Hayes",
        "R",
        2290,
        48.72
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1880": [
      [
        "James A. Garfield",
        "R",
        2634,
        50.51
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott Hancock",
        "D",
        2571,
        49.3
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        10,
        0.19
      ]
    ],
    "1884": [
      [
        "James G. Blaine",
        "R",
        3052,
        50.43
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2940,
        48.58
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        60,
        0.99
      ]
    ],
    "1888": [
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        3411,
        48.18
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        3398,
        48.0
      ],
      [
        "Fisk",
        "",
        269,
        3.8
      ],
      [
        "Streeter",
        "",
        1,
        0.01
      ]
    ],
    "1892": [
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        3629,
        50.06
      ],
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        3373,
        46.52
      ],
      [
        "Bidwell",
        "",
        191,
        2.63
      ],
      [
        "Weaver",
        "",
        57,
        0.79
      ]
    ],
    "1896": [
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3984,
        49.6
      ],
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        3957,
        49.26
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        92,
        1.15
      ]
    ],
    "1900": [
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        4006,
        52.18
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3582,
        46.65
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        90,
        1.17
      ]
    ],
    "1904": [
      [
        "Theodore Roosevelt",
        "R",
        4120,
        54.08
      ],
      [
        "Alton B. Parker",
        "D",
        3325,
        43.65
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        121,
        1.59
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        52,
        0.68
      ]
    ],
    "1908": [
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        3809,
        49.28
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3783,
        48.95
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        77,
        1.0
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        55,
        0.71
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        5,
        0.06
      ]
    ],
    "1912": [
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        3287,
        46.26
      ],
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        2490,
        35.04
      ],
      [
        "Roosevelt",
        "",
        1050,
        14.78
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        209,
        2.94
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        60,
        0.84
      ],
      [
        "Reimer",
        "",
        10,
        0.14
      ]
    ],
    "1916": [
      [
        "Charles Evans Hughes",
        "R",
        3802,
        49.19
      ],
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        3753,
        48.56
      ],
      [
        "Benson",
        "",
        131,
        1.69
      ],
      [
        "Hanly",
        "",
        43,
        0.56
      ]
    ],
    "1920": [
      [
        "Warren G. Harding",
        "R",
        7495,
        59.99
      ],
      [
        "James M. Cox",
        "D",
        4899,
        39.21
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        93,
        0.74
      ],
      [
        "Macauley",
        "",
        6,
        0.05
      ]
    ],
    "1924": [
      [
        "Calvin Coolidge",
        "R",
        6206,
        53.14
      ],
      [
        "John W. Davis",
        "D",
        4318,
        36.98
      ],
      [
        "Robert M. La Follette",
        "PR",
        1138,
        9.74
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        9,
        0.08
      ],
      [
        "Johns",
        "",
        7,
        0.06
      ]
    ],
    "1928": [
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        7540,
        59.39
      ],
      [
        "Al Smith",
        "D",
        5089,
        40.08
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        46,
        0.36
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        21,
        0.17
      ]
    ],
    "1932": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        7977,
        56.66
      ],
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        5918,
        42.04
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        110,
        0.78
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        73,
        0.52
      ]
    ],
    "1936": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        7744,
        52.56
      ],
      [
        "Alf Landon",
        "R",
        6275,
        42.59
      ],
      [
        "Lemke",
        "",
        704,
        4.78
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        10,
        0.07
      ]
    ],
    "1940": [
      [
        "Wendell Willkie",
        "R",
        8656,
        58.05
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        6254,
        41.95
      ]
    ],
    "1944": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        8529,
        62.83
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        5046,
        37.17
      ]
    ],
    "1948": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        6785,
        56.84
      ],
      [
        "Harry S. Truman",
        "D",
        5127,
        42.95
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        24,
        0.2
      ]
    ],
    "1952": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        9355,
        64.68
      ],
      [
        "Adlai Stevenson",
        "D",
        5108,
        35.32
      ]
    ],
    "1956": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        9834,
        70.03
      ],
      [
        "Adlai E. Stevenson",
        "D",
        4208,
        29.97
      ]
    ],
    "1960": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        9666,
        65.68
      ],
      [
        "John F. Kennedy",
        "D",
        5050,
        34.32
      ]
    ],
    "1964": [
      [
        "Lyndon B. Johnson",
        "D",
        7695,
        55.4
      ],
      [
        "Barry Goldwater",
        "R",
        6194,
        44.6
      ]
    ],
    "1968": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        7835,
        57.92
      ],
      [
        "Hubert Humphrey",
        "D",
        4360,
        32.23
      ],
      [
        "George Wallace",
        "AIP",
        1332,
        9.85
      ]
    ],
    "1972": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        9545,
        71.28
      ],
      [
        "George McGovern",
        "D",
        3644,
        27.21
      ],
      [
        "Schmitz",
        "",
        183,
        1.37
      ],
      [
        "Hall",
        "",
        9,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "Fisher",
        "",
        6,
        0.04
      ]
    ],
    "1976": [
      [
        "Gerald Ford",
        "R",
        8344,
        58.42
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        5689,
        39.83
      ],
      [
        "Eugene \"Gene\" McCarthy",
        "I",
        143,
        1.0
      ],
      [
        "Lester Maddox",
        "AIP",
        64,
        0.45
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        19,
        0.13
      ]
    ],
    "1980": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        7866,
        61.11
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        4070,
        31.62
      ],
      [
        "John B. Anderson",
        "I",
        741,
        5.76
      ],
      [
        "Edward \"Ed\" Clark",
        "L",
        160,
        1.24
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        35,
        0.27
      ]
    ],
    "1984": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        9570,
        73.68
      ],
      [
        "Walter F. Mondale",
        "D",
        3338,
        25.7
      ],
      [
        "Lyndon H. LaRouche Jr.",
        "I",
        32,
        0.25
      ],
      [
        "David Bergland",
        "L",
        19,
        0.15
      ],
      [
        "Melvin T. Mason",
        "SW",
        8,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        8,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Gavrielle Holmes",
        "WW",
        5,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Dennis L. Serrette",
        "ALN",
        5,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Gus Hall",
        "CPUSA",
        3,
        0.02
      ],
      [
        "Earl F. Dodge",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "LarryHarmon",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "HenryKing",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1988": [
      [
        "George H.W. Bush",
        "R",
        9410,
        70.56
      ],
      [
        "Michael Dukakis",
        "D",
        3848,
        28.85
      ],
      [
        "Ronald \"Ron\" Paul",
        "L",
        30,
        0.22
      ],
      [
        "LaRouche",
        "",
        18,
        0.13
      ],
      [
        "Lenora Fulani",
        "NA",
        17,
        0.13
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        13,
        0.1
      ],
      [
        "Holmes",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Wobser",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1992": [
      [
        "GeorgeBush",
        "R",
        7227,
        50.83
      ],
      [
        "BillClinton",
        "D",
        3822,
        26.88
      ],
      [
        "H. RossPerot",
        "I",
        3102,
        21.82
      ],
      [
        "BoGritz",
        "",
        32,
        0.23
      ],
      [
        "AndreMarrou",
        "",
        14,
        0.1
      ],
      [
        "JohnHagelin",
        "",
        8,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Lenora B.Fulani",
        "",
        6,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "LyndonLaRouche Jr.",
        "",
        6,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Henry King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "James A.Warren",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1996": [
      [
        "Bob Dole",
        "R",
        6999,
        53.67
      ],
      [
        "Bill Clinton",
        "D",
        4453,
        34.15
      ],
      [
        "Ross Perot",
        "RFM",
        1487,
        11.4
      ],
      [
        "Monica Moorehead",
        "WW",
        32,
        0.25
      ],
      [
        "Harry Browne",
        "L",
        30,
        0.23
      ],
      [
        "Howard Phillips",
        "UST",
        23,
        0.18
      ],
      [
        "John Hagelin",
        "NL",
        16,
        0.12
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        1,
        0.01
      ],
      [
        "DanBurkhardt",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Mark Snyder",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "2000": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        8679,
        65.66
      ],
      [
        "Al Gore",
        "D",
        4209,
        31.84
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        216,
        1.63
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        115,
        0.87
      ]
    ],
    "2004": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        10678,
        72.02
      ],
      [
        "John Kerry",
        "D",
        4094,
        27.61
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        54,
        0.36
      ]
    ],
    "2008": [
      [
        "John McCain",
        "R",
        9168,
        62.57
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        5178,
        35.34
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        306,
        2.09
      ]
    ],
    "2012": [
      [
        "Mitt Romney",
        "R",
        9585,
        69.13
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        4029,
        29.06
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        252,
        1.82
      ]
    ],
    "2016": [
      [
        "Donald Trump",
        "R",
        10469,
        76.03
      ],
      [
        "Hillary Clinton",
        "D",
        2697,
        19.59
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        604,
        4.39
      ]
    ],
    "2020": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        11650,
        77.85
      ],
      [
        "Joseph R Biden Jr.",
        "D",
        3067,
        20.49
      ],
      [
        "Jo Jorgensen",
        "L",
        201,
        1.34
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        47,
        0.31
      ]
    ],
    "2024": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        11616,
        78.86
      ],
      [
        "Kamala D Harris",
        "D",
        3000,
        20.37
      ],
      [
        "Chase Oliver",
        "L",
        58,
        0.39
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        55,
        0.37
      ]
    ]
  },
  "research_ref": [
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1852_wikipedia/1852_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1856_wikipedia/1856_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1860_wikipedia/1860_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1864_wikipedia/1864_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1868_wikipedia/1868_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1872_wikipedia/1872_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1876_wikipedia/1876_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1880_wikipedia/1880_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1884_wikipedia/1884_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1888_wikipedia/1888_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1892_wikipedia/1892_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1896_wikipedia/1896_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1900_wikipedia/1900_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1904_wikipedia/1904_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1908_wikipedia/1908_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1912_wikipedia/1912_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1916_wikipedia/1916_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1920_wikipedia/1920_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1924_wikipedia/1924_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1928_wikipedia/1928_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1932_wikipedia/1932_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1936_wikipedia/1936_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1940_wikipedia/1940_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1944_wikipedia/1944_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1948_wikipedia/1948_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1952_wikipedia/1952_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1956_wikipedia/1956_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1960_wikipedia/1960_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1964_wikipedia/1964_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1968_wikipedia/1968_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1972_wikipedia/1972_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1976_wikipedia/1976_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1980_wikipedia/1980_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1984_ohiosos/oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1988_ohiosos/oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1992_ohiosos/oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1996_ohiosos/oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/ohio_county_president_2000-2024.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_1996_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2000_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2004_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2008_general_turnout.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2012_general_statewide_results_county_turnout.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2016_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2020_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/turnout/oh_2024_general_turnout_by_county.xlsx"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1852-11-02",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1852 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1856-11-04",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1856 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1860-11-06",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1860 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1864-11-08",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1864 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1868-11-03",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1868 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1872-11-05",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1872 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1876-11-07",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1876 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1880-11-02",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1880 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1884-11-04",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1884 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1888-11-06",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1888 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1892-11-08",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1892 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1896-11-03",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1896 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1900-11-06",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1900 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1904-11-08",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1904 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1908-11-03",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1908 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1912-11-05",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1912 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1916-11-07",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1916 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1920-11-02",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1920 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1924-11-04",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1924 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1928-11-06",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1928 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1932-11-08",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1932 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1936-11-03",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1936 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1940-11-05",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1940 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1944-11-07",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1944 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1948-11-02",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1948 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1952-11-04",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1956-11-06",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1960-11-08",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1964-11-03",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1964 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1968-11-05",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1968 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1972-11-07",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1972 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1976-11-02",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1976 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "1980-11-04",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "1980 United States presidential election in Ohio",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-17",
      "date": "1984-11-06",
      "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
      "title": "oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
      "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-17",
      "date": "1988-11-08",
      "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
      "title": "oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
      "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-17",
      "date": "1992-11-03",
      "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
      "title": "oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
      "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-17",
      "date": "1996-11-05",
      "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
      "title": "oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
      "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-17",
      "date": "2000-11-07",
      "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
      "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
    }
  ],
  "sources_by_year": {
    "1852": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1852-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1852 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1856": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1856-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1856 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1860": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1860-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1860 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1864": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1864-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1864 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1868": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1868-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1868 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1872": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1872-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1872 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1876": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1876-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1876 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1880": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1880-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1880 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1884": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1884-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1884 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1888": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1888-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1888 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1892": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1892-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1892 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1896": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1896-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1896 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1900": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1900-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1900 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1904": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1904-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1904 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1908": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1908-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1908 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1912": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1912-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1912 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1916": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1916-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1916 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1920": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1920-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1920 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1924": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1924-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1924 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1928": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1928-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1928 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1932": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1932-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1932 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1936": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1936-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1936 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1940": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1940-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1940 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1944": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1944-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1944 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1948": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1948-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1948 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1952": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1952-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1956": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1956-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1960": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1960-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1964": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1964-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1964 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1968": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1968-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1968 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1972": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1972-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1972 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1976": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1976-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1976 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1980": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1980-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1980 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1984": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1984-11-06",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1988": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1988-11-08",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1992": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1992-11-03",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1996": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1996-11-05",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "2000": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2000-11-07",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2004": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2004-11-02",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2008": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2008-11-04",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2012": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2012-11-06",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2016": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2016-11-08",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2020": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2020-11-03",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2024": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2024-11-05",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ]
  },
  "turnout": {
    "1996": {
      "ballots": 13311,
      "pct": 67.06,
      "registered": 19848
    },
    "2000": {
      "ballots": 13471,
      "pct": 61.68,
      "registered": 21841
    },
    "2004": {
      "ballots": 15525,
      "pct": 73.58,
      "registered": 21100
    },
    "2008": {
      "ballots": 14885,
      "pct": 73.34,
      "registered": 20295
    },
    "2012": {
      "ballots": 14108,
      "pct": 67.46,
      "registered": 20912
    },
    "2016": {
      "ballots": 14062,
      "pct": 71.5,
      "registered": 19668
    },
    "2020": {
      "ballots": 15077,
      "pct": 74.3,
      "registered": 20291
    },
    "2024": {
      "ballots": 14899,
      "pct": 72.72,
      "registered": 20489
    }
  },
  "updated": "2026-09-19",
  "type": "county_results",
  "county_slug": "van-wert",
  "attribution": "Data from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "attribution_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "attribution_urls": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
  ],
  "attribution_years": [
    "1852",
    "1856",
    "1860",
    "1864",
    "1868",
    "1872",
    "1876",
    "1880",
    "1884",
    "1888",
    "1892",
    "1896",
    "1900",
    "1904",
    "1908",
    "1912",
    "1916",
    "1920",
    "1924",
    "1928",
    "1932",
    "1936",
    "1940",
    "1944",
    "1948",
    "1952",
    "1956",
    "1960",
    "1964",
    "1968",
    "1972",
    "1976",
    "1980"
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "generated": "2026-09-22",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
    "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Van Wert County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/van-wert/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
    "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json",
    "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/van-wert/",
    "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/van-wert.json"
  },
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Van Wert County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/van-wert/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/van-wert/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/van-wert.json",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "generated": "2026-09-22",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json"
}