{
  "county": "Madison",
  "id": "madison",
  "notes": "All 44 presidential elections 1852-2024 present. Turnout 1996-2024 per the ruling's storage section (county-level turnout before 1996 is confirmed absent from the OH SOS portal per A/sources/CITATIONS.md; not this task's scope to invent from elsewhere).",
  "president": {
    "1852": [
      [
        "Winfield Scott",
        "W",
        1400,
        66.16
      ],
      [
        "Franklin Pierce",
        "D",
        655,
        30.95
      ],
      [
        "John P. Hale",
        "FS",
        61,
        2.88
      ]
    ],
    "1856": [
      [
        "John C. Frémont",
        "R",
        997,
        46.85
      ],
      [
        "James Buchanan",
        "D",
        656,
        30.83
      ],
      [
        "Millard Fillmore",
        "AM",
        475,
        22.32
      ]
    ],
    "1860": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "R",
        1417,
        53.03
      ],
      [
        "Stephen A. Douglas",
        "D",
        1016,
        38.02
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        239,
        8.94
      ]
    ],
    "1864": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "NU",
        1688,
        58.94
      ],
      [
        "George B. McClellan",
        "D",
        1176,
        41.06
      ]
    ],
    "1868": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1682,
        52.04
      ],
      [
        "Horatio Seymour",
        "D",
        1550,
        47.96
      ]
    ],
    "1872": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1934,
        54.25
      ],
      [
        "Horace Greeley",
        "LR",
        1625,
        45.58
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        6,
        0.17
      ]
    ],
    "1876": [
      [
        "Rutherford B. Hayes",
        "R",
        2191,
        50.24
      ],
      [
        "Samuel J. Tilden",
        "D",
        2145,
        49.19
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        25,
        0.57
      ]
    ],
    "1880": [
      [
        "James A. Garfield",
        "R",
        2680,
        53.09
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott Hancock",
        "D",
        2305,
        45.66
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        63,
        1.25
      ]
    ],
    "1884": [
      [
        "James G. Blaine",
        "R",
        2706,
        52.28
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2391,
        46.19
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        79,
        1.53
      ]
    ],
    "1888": [
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        2708,
        50.71
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2376,
        44.49
      ],
      [
        "Fisk",
        "",
        255,
        4.78
      ],
      [
        "Streeter",
        "",
        1,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1892": [
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        2594,
        50.93
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2292,
        45.0
      ],
      [
        "Bidwell",
        "",
        175,
        3.44
      ],
      [
        "Weaver",
        "",
        32,
        0.63
      ]
    ],
    "1896": [
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        3308,
        54.01
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        2751,
        44.91
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        66,
        1.08
      ]
    ],
    "1900": [
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        3197,
        55.58
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        2493,
        43.34
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        62,
        1.08
      ]
    ],
    "1904": [
      [
        "Theodore Roosevelt",
        "R",
        3164,
        59.07
      ],
      [
        "Alton B. Parker",
        "D",
        2103,
        39.26
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        77,
        1.44
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        12,
        0.22
      ]
    ],
    "1908": [
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        3051,
        54.93
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        2430,
        43.75
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        55,
        0.99
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        17,
        0.31
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        1,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1912": [
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        2271,
        43.37
      ],
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        2172,
        41.48
      ],
      [
        "Roosevelt",
        "",
        681,
        13.01
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        66,
        1.26
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        45,
        0.86
      ],
      [
        "Reimer",
        "",
        1,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1916": [
      [
        "Charles Evans Hughes",
        "R",
        2809,
        50.92
      ],
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        2667,
        48.35
      ],
      [
        "Hanly",
        "",
        24,
        0.44
      ],
      [
        "Benson",
        "",
        16,
        0.29
      ]
    ],
    "1920": [
      [
        "Warren G. Harding",
        "R",
        5397,
        58.76
      ],
      [
        "James M. Cox",
        "D",
        3769,
        41.03
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        17,
        0.19
      ],
      [
        "Macauley",
        "",
        2,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1924": [
      [
        "Calvin Coolidge",
        "R",
        4829,
        61.97
      ],
      [
        "John W. Davis",
        "D",
        2685,
        34.46
      ],
      [
        "Robert M. La Follette",
        "PR",
        278,
        3.57
      ],
      [
        "Johns",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1928": [
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        5522,
        68.13
      ],
      [
        "Al Smith",
        "D",
        2527,
        31.18
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        42,
        0.52
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        14,
        0.17
      ]
    ],
    "1932": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        4722,
        50.1
      ],
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        4631,
        49.13
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        40,
        0.42
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        33,
        0.35
      ]
    ],
    "1936": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        5184,
        51.17
      ],
      [
        "Alf Landon",
        "R",
        4843,
        47.81
      ],
      [
        "Lemke",
        "",
        94,
        0.93
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        9,
        0.09
      ]
    ],
    "1940": [
      [
        "Wendell Willkie",
        "R",
        5904,
        57.35
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        4390,
        42.65
      ]
    ],
    "1944": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        5546,
        62.17
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        3374,
        37.83
      ]
    ],
    "1948": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        4730,
        58.44
      ],
      [
        "Harry S. Truman",
        "D",
        3356,
        41.46
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        8,
        0.1
      ]
    ],
    "1952": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        6279,
        66.4
      ],
      [
        "Adlai Stevenson",
        "D",
        3177,
        33.6
      ]
    ],
    "1956": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        6483,
        69.28
      ],
      [
        "Adlai E. Stevenson",
        "D",
        2875,
        30.72
      ]
    ],
    "1960": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        7256,
        66.37
      ],
      [
        "John F. Kennedy",
        "D",
        3677,
        33.63
      ]
    ],
    "1964": [
      [
        "Lyndon B. Johnson",
        "D",
        5264,
        51.56
      ],
      [
        "Barry Goldwater",
        "R",
        4945,
        48.44
      ]
    ],
    "1968": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        5882,
        57.15
      ],
      [
        "Hubert Humphrey",
        "D",
        2780,
        27.01
      ],
      [
        "George Wallace",
        "AIP",
        1631,
        15.85
      ]
    ],
    "1972": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        8372,
        75.67
      ],
      [
        "George McGovern",
        "D",
        2484,
        22.45
      ],
      [
        "Schmitz",
        "",
        202,
        1.83
      ],
      [
        "Fisher",
        "",
        4,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Hall",
        "",
        2,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1976": [
      [
        "Gerald Ford",
        "R",
        7074,
        58.17
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        4885,
        40.17
      ],
      [
        "Eugene \"Gene\" McCarthy",
        "I",
        133,
        1.09
      ],
      [
        "Lester Maddox",
        "AIP",
        39,
        0.32
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        12,
        0.1
      ]
    ],
    "1980": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        7166,
        63.14
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        3565,
        31.41
      ],
      [
        "John B. Anderson",
        "I",
        438,
        3.86
      ],
      [
        "Edward \"Ed\" Clark",
        "L",
        119,
        1.05
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        62,
        0.55
      ]
    ],
    "1984": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        8979,
        74.91
      ],
      [
        "Walter F. Mondale",
        "D",
        2928,
        24.43
      ],
      [
        "Lyndon H. LaRouche Jr.",
        "I",
        30,
        0.25
      ],
      [
        "Dennis L. Serrette",
        "ALN",
        12,
        0.1
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        10,
        0.08
      ],
      [
        "David Bergland",
        "L",
        8,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "Gus Hall",
        "CPUSA",
        8,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "Melvin T. Mason",
        "SW",
        7,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Gavrielle Holmes",
        "WW",
        5,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Earl F. Dodge",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "LarryHarmon",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "HenryKing",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1988": [
      [
        "George H.W. Bush",
        "R",
        8303,
        70.26
      ],
      [
        "Michael Dukakis",
        "D",
        3421,
        28.95
      ],
      [
        "Lenora Fulani",
        "NA",
        38,
        0.32
      ],
      [
        "Ronald \"Ron\" Paul",
        "L",
        20,
        0.17
      ],
      [
        "LaRouche",
        "",
        18,
        0.15
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        17,
        0.14
      ],
      [
        "Holmes",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Wobser",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1992": [
      [
        "GeorgeBush",
        "R",
        6865,
        48.79
      ],
      [
        "BillClinton",
        "D",
        3998,
        28.41
      ],
      [
        "H. RossPerot",
        "I",
        3170,
        22.53
      ],
      [
        "BoGritz",
        "",
        11,
        0.08
      ],
      [
        "AndreMarrou",
        "",
        11,
        0.08
      ],
      [
        "Lenora B.Fulani",
        "",
        9,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "LyndonLaRouche Jr.",
        "",
        5,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "JohnHagelin",
        "",
        2,
        0.01
      ],
      [
        "Henry King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "James A.Warren",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1996": [
      [
        "Bob Dole",
        "R",
        6871,
        51.2
      ],
      [
        "Bill Clinton",
        "D",
        5072,
        37.79
      ],
      [
        "Ross Perot",
        "RFM",
        1386,
        10.33
      ],
      [
        "Monica Moorehead",
        "WW",
        35,
        0.26
      ],
      [
        "Harry Browne",
        "L",
        30,
        0.22
      ],
      [
        "Howard Phillips",
        "UST",
        13,
        0.1
      ],
      [
        "John Hagelin",
        "NL",
        12,
        0.09
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        2,
        0.01
      ],
      [
        "DanBurkhardt",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Mark Snyder",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "2000": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        8892,
        60.63
      ],
      [
        "Al Gore",
        "D",
        5287,
        36.05
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        299,
        2.04
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        189,
        1.29
      ]
    ],
    "2004": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        11120,
        63.92
      ],
      [
        "John Kerry",
        "D",
        6200,
        35.64
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        78,
        0.45
      ]
    ],
    "2008": [
      [
        "John McCain",
        "R",
        10603,
        60.76
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        6532,
        37.43
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        316,
        1.81
      ]
    ],
    "2012": [
      [
        "Mitt Romney",
        "R",
        10342,
        59.04
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        6845,
        39.08
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        330,
        1.88
      ]
    ],
    "2016": [
      [
        "Donald Trump",
        "R",
        11631,
        67.27
      ],
      [
        "Hillary Clinton",
        "D",
        4779,
        27.64
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        880,
        5.09
      ]
    ],
    "2020": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        13835,
        69.68
      ],
      [
        "Joseph R Biden Jr.",
        "D",
        5698,
        28.7
      ],
      [
        "Jo Jorgensen",
        "L",
        269,
        1.35
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        53,
        0.27
      ]
    ],
    "2024": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        14737,
        71.3
      ],
      [
        "Kamala D Harris",
        "D",
        5713,
        27.64
      ],
      [
        "Chase Oliver",
        "L",
        124,
        0.6
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        95,
        0.46
      ]
    ]
  },
  "research_ref": [
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        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
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        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1936-11-03",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1936 United States presidential election in Ohio",
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1940-11-05",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1940 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1944": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1944-11-07",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1944 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1948": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1948-11-02",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1948 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1952": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1952-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1956": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1956-11-06",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    ],
    "1960": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1960-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1964": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1964-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1964 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1968": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1968-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1968 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1972": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1972-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1972 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1976": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1976-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1976 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1980": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1980-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1980 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1984": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1984-11-06",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1988": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1988-11-08",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1992": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1992-11-03",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1996": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1996-11-05",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "2000": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2000-11-07",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2004": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2004-11-02",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2008": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2008-11-04",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2012": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2012-11-06",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2016": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2016-11-08",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2020": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2020-11-03",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2024": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2024-11-05",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ]
  },
  "turnout": {
    "1996": {
      "ballots": 13671,
      "pct": 70.39,
      "registered": 19423
    },
    "2000": {
      "ballots": 14960,
      "pct": 64.42,
      "registered": 23221
    },
    "2004": {
      "ballots": 17784,
      "pct": 76.71,
      "registered": 23183
    },
    "2008": {
      "ballots": 17723,
      "pct": 73.07,
      "registered": 24254
    },
    "2012": {
      "ballots": 17719,
      "pct": 74.04,
      "registered": 23933
    },
    "2016": {
      "ballots": 17685,
      "pct": 73.58,
      "registered": 24035
    },
    "2020": {
      "ballots": 19984,
      "pct": 77.38,
      "registered": 25827
    },
    "2024": {
      "ballots": 20937,
      "pct": 77.0,
      "registered": 27190
    }
  },
  "updated": "2026-09-19",
  "type": "county_results",
  "county_slug": "madison",
  "attribution": "Data from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "attribution_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "attribution_urls": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
  ],
  "attribution_years": [
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    "1856",
    "1860",
    "1864",
    "1868",
    "1872",
    "1876",
    "1880",
    "1884",
    "1888",
    "1892",
    "1896",
    "1900",
    "1904",
    "1908",
    "1912",
    "1916",
    "1920",
    "1924",
    "1928",
    "1932",
    "1936",
    "1940",
    "1944",
    "1948",
    "1952",
    "1956",
    "1960",
    "1964",
    "1968",
    "1972",
    "1976",
    "1980"
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "generated": "2026-09-22",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
    "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Madison County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/madison/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
    "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json",
    "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/madison/",
    "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/madison.json"
  },
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Madison County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/madison/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/madison/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/madison.json",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "generated": "2026-09-22",
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}