{
  "county": "Defiance",
  "id": "defiance",
  "notes": "All 44 presidential elections 1852-2024 present. Turnout 1996-2024 per the ruling's storage section (county-level turnout before 1996 is confirmed absent from the OH SOS portal per A/sources/CITATIONS.md; not this task's scope to invent from elsewhere).",
  "president": {
    "1852": [
      [
        "Franklin Pierce",
        "D",
        895,
        60.11
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott",
        "W",
        551,
        37.0
      ],
      [
        "John P. Hale",
        "FS",
        43,
        2.89
      ]
    ],
    "1856": [
      [
        "James Buchanan",
        "D",
        895,
        51.03
      ],
      [
        "John C. Frémont",
        "R",
        821,
        46.81
      ],
      [
        "Millard Fillmore",
        "AM",
        38,
        2.17
      ]
    ],
    "1860": [
      [
        "Stephen A. Douglas",
        "D",
        1304,
        55.11
      ],
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "R",
        1038,
        43.87
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        24,
        1.01
      ]
    ],
    "1864": [
      [
        "George B. McClellan",
        "D",
        1573,
        57.85
      ],
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "NU",
        1146,
        42.15
      ]
    ],
    "1868": [
      [
        "Horatio Seymour",
        "D",
        1899,
        63.15
      ],
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1108,
        36.85
      ]
    ],
    "1872": [
      [
        "Horace Greeley",
        "LR",
        1720,
        60.29
      ],
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        1093,
        38.31
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        40,
        1.4
      ]
    ],
    "1876": [
      [
        "Samuel J. Tilden",
        "D",
        2888,
        65.41
      ],
      [
        "Rutherford B. Hayes",
        "R",
        1520,
        34.43
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        7,
        0.16
      ]
    ],
    "1880": [
      [
        "Winfield Scott Hancock",
        "D",
        3140,
        61.01
      ],
      [
        "James A. Garfield",
        "R",
        1977,
        38.41
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        30,
        0.58
      ]
    ],
    "1884": [
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        3288,
        59.58
      ],
      [
        "James G. Blaine",
        "R",
        2184,
        39.57
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        47,
        0.85
      ]
    ],
    "1888": [
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        3567,
        59.15
      ],
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        2245,
        37.23
      ],
      [
        "Fisk",
        "",
        176,
        2.92
      ],
      [
        "Streeter",
        "",
        42,
        0.7
      ]
    ],
    "1892": [
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        3311,
        56.35
      ],
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        2062,
        35.09
      ],
      [
        "Weaver",
        "",
        349,
        5.94
      ],
      [
        "Bidwell",
        "",
        154,
        2.62
      ]
    ],
    "1896": [
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        4239,
        63.24
      ],
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        2414,
        36.01
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        50,
        0.75
      ]
    ],
    "1900": [
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3766,
        57.25
      ],
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        2684,
        40.8
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        128,
        1.95
      ]
    ],
    "1904": [
      [
        "Alton B. Parker",
        "D",
        3216,
        50.31
      ],
      [
        "Theodore Roosevelt",
        "R",
        3032,
        47.43
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        109,
        1.71
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        35,
        0.55
      ]
    ],
    "1908": [
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3754,
        57.91
      ],
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        2531,
        39.05
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        112,
        1.73
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        72,
        1.11
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        13,
        0.2
      ]
    ],
    "1912": [
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        2784,
        50.58
      ],
      [
        "Roosevelt",
        "",
        1459,
        26.51
      ],
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        872,
        15.84
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        331,
        6.01
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        51,
        0.93
      ],
      [
        "Reimer",
        "",
        7,
        0.13
      ]
    ],
    "1916": [
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        3359,
        55.47
      ],
      [
        "Charles Evans Hughes",
        "R",
        2565,
        42.36
      ],
      [
        "Benson",
        "",
        97,
        1.6
      ],
      [
        "Hanly",
        "",
        34,
        0.56
      ]
    ],
    "1920": [
      [
        "Warren G. Harding",
        "R",
        5987,
        60.54
      ],
      [
        "James M. Cox",
        "D",
        3723,
        37.64
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        176,
        1.78
      ],
      [
        "Macauley",
        "",
        4,
        0.04
      ]
    ],
    "1924": [
      [
        "Calvin Coolidge",
        "R",
        4841,
        52.55
      ],
      [
        "John W. Davis",
        "D",
        3227,
        35.03
      ],
      [
        "Robert M. La Follette",
        "PR",
        1134,
        12.31
      ],
      [
        "Johns",
        "",
        6,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        5,
        0.05
      ]
    ],
    "1928": [
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        6289,
        64.33
      ],
      [
        "Al Smith",
        "D",
        3487,
        35.67
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1932": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        6532,
        61.65
      ],
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        3871,
        36.54
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        144,
        1.36
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        48,
        0.45
      ]
    ],
    "1936": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        5608,
        48.05
      ],
      [
        "Alf Landon",
        "R",
        5000,
        42.84
      ],
      [
        "Lemke",
        "",
        1060,
        9.08
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        2,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1940": [
      [
        "Wendell Willkie",
        "R",
        8010,
        65.0
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        4313,
        35.0
      ]
    ],
    "1944": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        7450,
        67.21
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        3634,
        32.79
      ]
    ],
    "1948": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        5927,
        56.94
      ],
      [
        "Harry S. Truman",
        "D",
        4454,
        42.79
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        28,
        0.27
      ]
    ],
    "1952": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        8834,
        67.98
      ],
      [
        "Adlai Stevenson",
        "D",
        4161,
        32.02
      ]
    ],
    "1956": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        8786,
        69.03
      ],
      [
        "Adlai E. Stevenson",
        "D",
        3941,
        30.97
      ]
    ],
    "1960": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        8912,
        63.12
      ],
      [
        "John F. Kennedy",
        "D",
        5207,
        36.88
      ]
    ],
    "1964": [
      [
        "Lyndon B. Johnson",
        "D",
        8707,
        63.3
      ],
      [
        "Barry Goldwater",
        "R",
        5048,
        36.7
      ]
    ],
    "1968": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        7348,
        52.64
      ],
      [
        "Hubert Humphrey",
        "D",
        5686,
        40.73
      ],
      [
        "George Wallace",
        "AIP",
        925,
        6.63
      ]
    ],
    "1972": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        8914,
        65.4
      ],
      [
        "George McGovern",
        "D",
        4377,
        32.11
      ],
      [
        "Schmitz",
        "",
        322,
        2.36
      ],
      [
        "Hall",
        "",
        6,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Fisher",
        "",
        5,
        0.04
      ]
    ],
    "1976": [
      [
        "Gerald Ford",
        "R",
        7526,
        55.02
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        5850,
        42.77
      ],
      [
        "Eugene \"Gene\" McCarthy",
        "I",
        188,
        1.37
      ],
      [
        "Lester Maddox",
        "AIP",
        63,
        0.46
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        29,
        0.21
      ]
    ],
    "1980": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        9358,
        59.84
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        5096,
        32.59
      ],
      [
        "John B. Anderson",
        "I",
        896,
        5.73
      ],
      [
        "Edward \"Ed\" Clark",
        "L",
        240,
        1.53
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        49,
        0.31
      ]
    ],
    "1984": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        10951,
        67.89
      ],
      [
        "Walter F. Mondale",
        "D",
        5004,
        31.02
      ],
      [
        "Lyndon H. LaRouche Jr.",
        "I",
        52,
        0.32
      ],
      [
        "David Bergland",
        "L",
        32,
        0.2
      ],
      [
        "Melvin T. Mason",
        "SW",
        27,
        0.17
      ],
      [
        "Dennis L. Serrette",
        "ALN",
        23,
        0.14
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        23,
        0.14
      ],
      [
        "Gus Hall",
        "CPUSA",
        9,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Gavrielle Holmes",
        "WW",
        9,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Earl F. Dodge",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "LarryHarmon",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "HenryKing",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1988": [
      [
        "George H.W. Bush",
        "R",
        9566,
        63.13
      ],
      [
        "Michael Dukakis",
        "D",
        5448,
        35.95
      ],
      [
        "Ronald \"Ron\" Paul",
        "L",
        39,
        0.26
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        39,
        0.26
      ],
      [
        "Lenora Fulani",
        "NA",
        34,
        0.22
      ],
      [
        "LaRouche",
        "",
        27,
        0.18
      ],
      [
        "Holmes",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Wobser",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1992": [
      [
        "GeorgeBush",
        "R",
        7195,
        41.8
      ],
      [
        "BillClinton",
        "D",
        5735,
        33.32
      ],
      [
        "H. RossPerot",
        "I",
        4187,
        24.33
      ],
      [
        "BoGritz",
        "",
        34,
        0.2
      ],
      [
        "AndreMarrou",
        "",
        25,
        0.15
      ],
      [
        "Lenora B.Fulani",
        "",
        19,
        0.11
      ],
      [
        "JohnHagelin",
        "",
        12,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "LyndonLaRouche Jr.",
        "",
        4,
        0.02
      ],
      [
        "Henry King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "James A.Warren",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1996": [
      [
        "Bob Dole",
        "R",
        7469,
        47.0
      ],
      [
        "Bill Clinton",
        "D",
        6343,
        39.91
      ],
      [
        "Ross Perot",
        "RFM",
        1929,
        12.14
      ],
      [
        "Harry Browne",
        "L",
        45,
        0.28
      ],
      [
        "Monica Moorehead",
        "WW",
        38,
        0.24
      ],
      [
        "Howard Phillips",
        "UST",
        37,
        0.23
      ],
      [
        "John Hagelin",
        "NL",
        32,
        0.2
      ],
      [
        "DanBurkhardt",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Mark Snyder",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "2000": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        9540,
        58.74
      ],
      [
        "Al Gore",
        "D",
        6175,
        38.02
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        365,
        2.25
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        162,
        1.0
      ]
    ],
    "2004": [
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        11393,
        61.54
      ],
      [
        "John Kerry",
        "D",
        6975,
        37.68
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        144,
        0.78
      ]
    ],
    "2008": [
      [
        "John McCain",
        "R",
        10407,
        54.21
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        8399,
        43.75
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        391,
        2.04
      ]
    ],
    "2012": [
      [
        "Mitt Romney",
        "R",
        10176,
        55.64
      ],
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        7732,
        42.28
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        380,
        2.08
      ]
    ],
    "2016": [
      [
        "Donald Trump",
        "R",
        11688,
        64.25
      ],
      [
        "Hillary Clinton",
        "D",
        5368,
        29.51
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        1136,
        6.24
      ]
    ],
    "2020": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        13038,
        67.27
      ],
      [
        "Joseph R Biden Jr.",
        "D",
        5981,
        30.86
      ],
      [
        "Jo Jorgensen",
        "L",
        272,
        1.4
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        90,
        0.46
      ]
    ],
    "2024": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        13302,
        69.44
      ],
      [
        "Kamala D Harris",
        "D",
        5667,
        29.58
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        98,
        0.51
      ],
      [
        "Chase Oliver",
        "L",
        89,
        0.46
      ]
    ]
  },
  "research_ref": [
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1852_wikipedia/1852_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
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        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
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        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1936-11-03",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1936 United States presidential election in Ohio",
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1940-11-05",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1940 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1944": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1944-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1944 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1948": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1948-11-02",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1948 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1952": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1952-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    ],
    "1956": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1956-11-06",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    ],
    "1960": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1960-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1964": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1964-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1964 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1968": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1968-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1968 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1972": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1972-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1972 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1976": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1976-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1976 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1980": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1980-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1980 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1984": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1984-11-06",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1988": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1988-11-08",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1992": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1992-11-03",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1996": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1996-11-05",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "2000": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2000-11-07",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2004": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2004-11-02",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2008": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2008-11-04",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2012": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2012-11-06",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2016": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2016-11-08",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2020": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2020-11-03",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2024": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2024-11-05",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ]
  },
  "turnout": {
    "1996": {
      "ballots": 16286,
      "pct": 68.42,
      "registered": 23804
    },
    "2000": {
      "ballots": 16610,
      "pct": 64.42,
      "registered": 25783
    },
    "2004": {
      "ballots": 18853,
      "pct": 72.94,
      "registered": 25849
    },
    "2008": {
      "ballots": 19232,
      "pct": 72.56,
      "registered": 26504
    },
    "2012": {
      "ballots": 18461,
      "pct": 71.58,
      "registered": 25791
    },
    "2016": {
      "ballots": 18603,
      "pct": 72.59,
      "registered": 25629
    },
    "2020": {
      "ballots": 19613,
      "pct": 74.26,
      "registered": 26411
    },
    "2024": {
      "ballots": 19401,
      "pct": 72.34,
      "registered": 26818
    }
  },
  "updated": "2026-09-19",
  "type": "county_results",
  "county_slug": "defiance",
  "attribution": "Data from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "attribution_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "attribution_urls": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
  ],
  "attribution_years": [
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    "1856",
    "1860",
    "1864",
    "1868",
    "1872",
    "1876",
    "1880",
    "1884",
    "1888",
    "1892",
    "1896",
    "1900",
    "1904",
    "1908",
    "1912",
    "1916",
    "1920",
    "1924",
    "1928",
    "1932",
    "1936",
    "1940",
    "1944",
    "1948",
    "1952",
    "1956",
    "1960",
    "1964",
    "1968",
    "1972",
    "1976",
    "1980"
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "generated": "2026-09-22",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
    "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Defiance County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/defiance/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
    "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json",
    "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/defiance/",
    "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/defiance.json"
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  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Defiance County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/defiance/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/defiance/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/defiance.json",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "generated": "2026-09-22",
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}