{
  "county": "Ashtabula",
  "id": "ashtabula",
  "notes": "All 44 presidential elections 1852-2024 present. Turnout 1996-2024 per the ruling's storage section (county-level turnout before 1996 is confirmed absent from the OH SOS portal per A/sources/CITATIONS.md; not this task's scope to invent from elsewhere).",
  "president": {
    "1852": [
      [
        "John P. Hale",
        "FS",
        2502,
        43.51
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott",
        "W",
        2174,
        37.8
      ],
      [
        "Franklin Pierce",
        "D",
        1075,
        18.69
      ]
    ],
    "1856": [
      [
        "John C. Frémont",
        "R",
        5108,
        80.63
      ],
      [
        "James Buchanan",
        "D",
        975,
        15.39
      ],
      [
        "Millard Fillmore",
        "AM",
        252,
        3.98
      ]
    ],
    "1860": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "R",
        5566,
        81.15
      ],
      [
        "Stephen A. Douglas",
        "D",
        860,
        12.54
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        433,
        6.31
      ]
    ],
    "1864": [
      [
        "Abraham Lincoln",
        "NU",
        6045,
        85.3
      ],
      [
        "George B. McClellan",
        "D",
        1042,
        14.7
      ]
    ],
    "1868": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        6108,
        81.35
      ],
      [
        "Horatio Seymour",
        "D",
        1400,
        18.65
      ]
    ],
    "1872": [
      [
        "Ulysses S. Grant",
        "R",
        5764,
        76.96
      ],
      [
        "Horace Greeley",
        "LR",
        1678,
        22.4
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        48,
        0.64
      ]
    ],
    "1876": [
      [
        "Rutherford B. Hayes",
        "R",
        6771,
        74.31
      ],
      [
        "Samuel J. Tilden",
        "D",
        2294,
        25.18
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        47,
        0.52
      ]
    ],
    "1880": [
      [
        "James A. Garfield",
        "R",
        6926,
        72.88
      ],
      [
        "Winfield Scott Hancock",
        "D",
        2286,
        24.06
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        291,
        3.06
      ]
    ],
    "1884": [
      [
        "James G. Blaine",
        "R",
        7269,
        69.41
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2643,
        25.24
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        560,
        5.35
      ]
    ],
    "1888": [
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        7164,
        67.39
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2675,
        25.16
      ],
      [
        "Fisk",
        "",
        758,
        7.13
      ],
      [
        "Streeter",
        "",
        34,
        0.32
      ]
    ],
    "1892": [
      [
        "Benjamin Harrison",
        "R",
        6419,
        63.57
      ],
      [
        "Grover Cleveland",
        "D",
        2769,
        27.42
      ],
      [
        "Bidwell",
        "",
        671,
        6.64
      ],
      [
        "Weaver",
        "",
        239,
        2.37
      ]
    ],
    "1896": [
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        8557,
        67.7
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3840,
        30.38
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        242,
        1.91
      ]
    ],
    "1900": [
      [
        "William McKinley",
        "R",
        9272,
        70.7
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3438,
        26.21
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        405,
        3.09
      ]
    ],
    "1904": [
      [
        "Theodore Roosevelt",
        "R",
        8906,
        75.89
      ],
      [
        "Alton B. Parker",
        "D",
        1647,
        14.03
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        785,
        6.69
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        397,
        3.38
      ]
    ],
    "1908": [
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        8213,
        63.32
      ],
      [
        "William Jennings Bryan",
        "D",
        3572,
        27.54
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        938,
        7.23
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        231,
        1.78
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        16,
        0.12
      ]
    ],
    "1912": [
      [
        "Roosevelt",
        "",
        5189,
        42.16
      ],
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        3181,
        25.84
      ],
      [
        "William Howard Taft",
        "R",
        2214,
        17.99
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        1552,
        12.61
      ],
      [
        "Chafin",
        "",
        142,
        1.15
      ],
      [
        "Reimer",
        "",
        30,
        0.24
      ]
    ],
    "1916": [
      [
        "Charles Evans Hughes",
        "R",
        6608,
        52.34
      ],
      [
        "Woodrow Wilson",
        "D",
        5306,
        42.02
      ],
      [
        "Benson",
        "",
        569,
        4.51
      ],
      [
        "Hanly",
        "",
        143,
        1.13
      ]
    ],
    "1920": [
      [
        "Warren G. Harding",
        "R",
        14099,
        69.7
      ],
      [
        "James M. Cox",
        "D",
        5413,
        26.76
      ],
      [
        "Debs",
        "",
        684,
        3.38
      ],
      [
        "Macauley",
        "",
        33,
        0.16
      ]
    ],
    "1924": [
      [
        "Calvin Coolidge",
        "R",
        14767,
        69.21
      ],
      [
        "Robert M. La Follette",
        "PR",
        4370,
        20.48
      ],
      [
        "John W. Davis",
        "D",
        2135,
        10.01
      ],
      [
        "Johns",
        "",
        43,
        0.2
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        22,
        0.1
      ]
    ],
    "1928": [
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        18870,
        75.13
      ],
      [
        "Al Smith",
        "D",
        5951,
        23.69
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        164,
        0.65
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        133,
        0.53
      ]
    ],
    "1932": [
      [
        "Herbert Hoover",
        "R",
        15644,
        55.31
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        11386,
        40.26
      ],
      [
        "Thomas",
        "",
        1071,
        3.79
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        181,
        0.64
      ]
    ],
    "1936": [
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        14468,
        48.21
      ],
      [
        "Alf Landon",
        "R",
        14025,
        46.73
      ],
      [
        "Lemke",
        "",
        1453,
        4.84
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        64,
        0.21
      ]
    ],
    "1940": [
      [
        "Wendell Willkie",
        "R",
        18491,
        56.13
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        14454,
        43.87
      ]
    ],
    "1944": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        17181,
        56.33
      ],
      [
        "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
        "D",
        13319,
        43.67
      ]
    ],
    "1948": [
      [
        "Thomas E. Dewey",
        "R",
        15389,
        54.33
      ],
      [
        "Harry S. Truman",
        "D",
        12560,
        44.34
      ],
      [
        "Wallace",
        "",
        377,
        1.33
      ]
    ],
    "1952": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        23185,
        61.24
      ],
      [
        "Adlai Stevenson",
        "D",
        14676,
        38.76
      ]
    ],
    "1956": [
      [
        "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
        "R",
        24165,
        64.68
      ],
      [
        "Adlai E. Stevenson",
        "D",
        13195,
        35.32
      ]
    ],
    "1960": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        22406,
        53.91
      ],
      [
        "John F. Kennedy",
        "D",
        19155,
        46.09
      ]
    ],
    "1964": [
      [
        "Lyndon B. Johnson",
        "D",
        24104,
        64.64
      ],
      [
        "Barry Goldwater",
        "R",
        13183,
        35.36
      ]
    ],
    "1968": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        17058,
        46.66
      ],
      [
        "Hubert Humphrey",
        "D",
        16738,
        45.79
      ],
      [
        "George Wallace",
        "AIP",
        2753,
        7.53
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        6,
        0.02
      ]
    ],
    "1972": [
      [
        "Richard Nixon",
        "R",
        22762,
        58.96
      ],
      [
        "George McGovern",
        "D",
        15052,
        38.99
      ],
      [
        "Schmitz",
        "",
        731,
        1.89
      ],
      [
        "Fisher",
        "",
        30,
        0.08
      ],
      [
        "Hall",
        "",
        29,
        0.08
      ]
    ],
    "1976": [
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        20883,
        54.07
      ],
      [
        "Gerald Ford",
        "R",
        16885,
        43.72
      ],
      [
        "Eugene \"Gene\" McCarthy",
        "I",
        595,
        1.54
      ],
      [
        "Lester Maddox",
        "AIP",
        137,
        0.35
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        59,
        0.15
      ]
    ],
    "1980": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        19847,
        49.04
      ],
      [
        "Jimmy Carter",
        "D",
        17363,
        42.91
      ],
      [
        "John B. Anderson",
        "I",
        2481,
        6.13
      ],
      [
        "Edward \"Ed\" Clark",
        "L",
        600,
        1.48
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        176,
        0.43
      ]
    ],
    "1984": [
      [
        "Ronald Reagan",
        "R",
        21669,
        52.34
      ],
      [
        "Walter F. Mondale",
        "D",
        19344,
        46.73
      ],
      [
        "Lyndon H. LaRouche Jr.",
        "I",
        152,
        0.37
      ],
      [
        "Dennis L. Serrette",
        "ALN",
        60,
        0.14
      ],
      [
        "David Bergland",
        "L",
        47,
        0.11
      ],
      [
        "Melvin T. Mason",
        "SW",
        45,
        0.11
      ],
      [
        "Gus Hall",
        "CPUSA",
        39,
        0.09
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        26,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "Gavrielle Holmes",
        "WW",
        15,
        0.04
      ],
      [
        "Earl F. Dodge",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "LarryHarmon",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "HenryKing",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1988": [
      [
        "Michael Dukakis",
        "D",
        20536,
        53.26
      ],
      [
        "George H.W. Bush",
        "R",
        17654,
        45.79
      ],
      [
        "Ronald \"Ron\" Paul",
        "L",
        125,
        0.32
      ],
      [
        "Lenora Fulani",
        "NA",
        110,
        0.29
      ],
      [
        "LaRouche",
        "",
        83,
        0.22
      ],
      [
        "Edward Winn",
        "WL",
        48,
        0.12
      ],
      [
        "Holmes",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Wobser",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1992": [
      [
        "BillClinton",
        "D",
        18843,
        43.79
      ],
      [
        "GeorgeBush",
        "R",
        13254,
        30.8
      ],
      [
        "H. RossPerot",
        "I",
        10765,
        25.02
      ],
      [
        "AndreMarrou",
        "",
        51,
        0.12
      ],
      [
        "Lenora B.Fulani",
        "",
        41,
        0.1
      ],
      [
        "BoGritz",
        "",
        28,
        0.07
      ],
      [
        "LyndonLaRouche Jr.",
        "",
        25,
        0.06
      ],
      [
        "JohnHagelin",
        "",
        20,
        0.05
      ],
      [
        "James A.Warren",
        "",
        1,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Henry King",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "1996": [
      [
        "Bill Clinton",
        "D",
        19341,
        49.95
      ],
      [
        "Bob Dole",
        "R",
        13287,
        34.31
      ],
      [
        "Ross Perot",
        "RFM",
        5700,
        14.72
      ],
      [
        "Monica Moorehead",
        "WW",
        112,
        0.29
      ],
      [
        "Harry Browne",
        "L",
        109,
        0.28
      ],
      [
        "Howard Phillips",
        "UST",
        96,
        0.25
      ],
      [
        "John Hagelin",
        "NL",
        71,
        0.18
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        6,
        0.02
      ],
      [
        "DanBurkhardt",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ],
      [
        "Mark Snyder",
        "",
        0,
        0.0
      ]
    ],
    "2000": [
      [
        "Al Gore",
        "D",
        19831,
        50.24
      ],
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        17940,
        45.45
      ],
      [
        "Ralph Nader",
        "G",
        1109,
        2.81
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        592,
        1.5
      ]
    ],
    "2004": [
      [
        "John Kerry",
        "D",
        24061,
        52.99
      ],
      [
        "George W. Bush",
        "R",
        21039,
        46.33
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        309,
        0.68
      ]
    ],
    "2008": [
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        25027,
        55.77
      ],
      [
        "John McCain",
        "R",
        18949,
        42.23
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        898,
        2.0
      ]
    ],
    "2012": [
      [
        "Barack Obama",
        "D",
        23803,
        55.27
      ],
      [
        "Mitt Romney",
        "R",
        18298,
        42.49
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        963,
        2.24
      ]
    ],
    "2016": [
      [
        "Donald Trump",
        "R",
        23318,
        57.06
      ],
      [
        "Hillary Clinton",
        "D",
        15577,
        38.12
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        1972,
        4.83
      ]
    ],
    "2020": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        26890,
        60.91
      ],
      [
        "Joseph R Biden Jr.",
        "D",
        16497,
        37.37
      ],
      [
        "Jo Jorgensen",
        "L",
        559,
        1.27
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        201,
        0.46
      ]
    ],
    "2024": [
      [
        "Donald J Trump",
        "R",
        27656,
        63.76
      ],
      [
        "Kamala D Harris",
        "D",
        15345,
        35.38
      ],
      [
        "Chase Oliver",
        "L",
        188,
        0.43
      ],
      [
        "Other",
        "O",
        185,
        0.43
      ]
    ]
  },
  "research_ref": [
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1852_wikipedia/1852_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1856_wikipedia/1856_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1860_wikipedia/1860_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1864_wikipedia/1864_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
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    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1896_wikipedia/1896_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
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    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1924_wikipedia/1924_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1928_wikipedia/1928_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
    "cracked-buckeye-political@0f7764dbb6bac7f2e1e49458525927ef31bd545a:data/president/county/1932_wikipedia/1932_ohio_president_by_county.csv",
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1928-11-06",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1928 United States presidential election in Ohio",
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        "date": "1940-11-05",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1940 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1944": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1944 United States presidential election in Ohio",
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    "1948": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1948-11-02",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1948 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1952": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1952-11-04",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1952 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    "1956": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1956-11-06",
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        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
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    ],
    "1960": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1960-11-08",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1964": [
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        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1964-11-03",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1964 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1968": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1968-11-05",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1968 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1972": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1972-11-07",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1972 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1976": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1976-11-02",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1976 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1980": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-18",
        "date": "1980-11-04",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "publisher": "Wikipedia",
        "title": "1980 United States presidential election in Ohio",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
      }
    ],
    "1984": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1984-11-06",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1984_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1988": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1988-11-08",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1988_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1992": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1992-11-03",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1992_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "1996": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "1996-11-05",
        "publisher": "Ohio Secretary of State",
        "title": "oh_1996_general_president_county.xlsx -- Ohio Secretary of State Past Election Results portal",
        "url": "https://data.ohiosos.gov/portal/past-election-results"
      }
    ],
    "2000": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2000-11-07",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2004": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2004-11-02",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2008": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2008-11-04",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2012": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2012-11-06",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2016": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2016-11-08",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2020": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2020-11-03",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ],
    "2024": [
      {
        "accessed": "2026-09-17",
        "date": "2024-11-05",
        "publisher": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab (MEDSL), Harvard Dataverse",
        "title": "County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 (V20)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VOQCHQ"
      }
    ]
  },
  "turnout": {
    "1996": {
      "ballots": 39894,
      "pct": 66.22,
      "registered": 60249
    },
    "2000": {
      "ballots": 40378,
      "pct": 60.82,
      "registered": 66390
    },
    "2004": {
      "ballots": 46438,
      "pct": 73.8,
      "registered": 62926
    },
    "2008": {
      "ballots": 45817,
      "pct": 71.36,
      "registered": 64209
    },
    "2012": {
      "ballots": 43745,
      "pct": 67.66,
      "registered": 64651
    },
    "2016": {
      "ballots": 41797,
      "pct": 68.94,
      "registered": 60624
    },
    "2020": {
      "ballots": 44649,
      "pct": 72.66,
      "registered": 61453
    },
    "2024": {
      "ballots": 43884,
      "pct": 71.52,
      "registered": 61356
    }
  },
  "updated": "2026-09-19",
  "type": "county_results",
  "county_slug": "ashtabula",
  "attribution": "Data from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "attribution_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "attribution_urls": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio"
  ],
  "attribution_years": [
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    "1856",
    "1860",
    "1864",
    "1868",
    "1872",
    "1876",
    "1880",
    "1884",
    "1888",
    "1892",
    "1896",
    "1900",
    "1904",
    "1908",
    "1912",
    "1916",
    "1920",
    "1924",
    "1928",
    "1932",
    "1936",
    "1940",
    "1944",
    "1948",
    "1952",
    "1956",
    "1960",
    "1964",
    "1968",
    "1972",
    "1976",
    "1980"
  ],
  "_meta": {
    "generated": "2026-09-22",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
    "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Ashtabula County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/ashtabula/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
    "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json",
    "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/ashtabula/",
    "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/ashtabula.json"
  },
  "cite": "Cracked Buckeye (Open Shower Co), \"Ashtabula County: presidential results and turnout\", https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/ashtabula/, built 2026-09-22, accessed [date].",
  "url": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/county/ashtabula/",
  "api": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/results/county/ashtabula.json",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 for the compilation; each source keeps its own terms",
  "generated": "2026-09-22",
  "schema": "https://crackedbuckeye.com/api/politics/schema.json"
}