{
  "born": {
    "place": "Bogota, Colombia",
    "year": 1967
  },
  "candidacies": [
    {
      "party": "Republican",
      "pct": 50.09,
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "result": "won",
      "sources": [
        "https://dayton247now.com/news/local/ohio-election-results-certified-frank-larose-secretary-of-state-2024-vote-president-senate-trump-harris-moreno-brown",
        "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/11/05/republican-bernie-moreno-defeats-incumbent-sherrod-brown-for-ohio-u-s-senate-seat-ap-projects/",
        "https://signalcleveland.org/ohio-us-senate-election-2024-results-sherrod-brown-bernie-moreno/",
        "https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio,_2024"
      ],
      "votes": 2857383
    }
  ],
  "coverage": {
    "ballot": "researched",
    "claims": {
      "checked": [
        "The research archive's 2024 fact-check pass (PolitiFact)"
      ],
      "note": "One of the three rows in the research archive's fact-check table is published as a claim of his. One is a claim Sherrod Brown made about him and is filed under Brown. One, about Haitian migrants in Springfield, is left out because the archive records only fragments of it inside its own sentence rather than a quotation.",
      "state": "researched"
    },
    "elections": {
      "note": "Only his 2024 candidacy is published. His 2022 Senate bid, which he ended before the primary, has no race record.",
      "state": "researched"
    },
    "endorsements": {
      "checked": [
        "The research archive's 2024 candidate file"
      ],
      "note": "The research archive records Donald Trump's endorsement of him in the 2024 primary in prose, with the primary-result stories as its only links, and records no endorsement he gave. The endorsement set trump-ohio-2016-2024 is a record of its own.",
      "state": "none-found"
    },
    "interests": "researched",
    "money": "researched",
    "polling": {
      "note": "Four head-to-head polls with a stated margin. Polls the archive describes only as showing one candidate ahead by a range, and polling averages, are not published.",
      "state": "researched"
    },
    "positions": {
      "note": "Six positions, every one a paraphrase of a campaign theme with the link that states it. The archive quotes only fragments of his campaign language, so no position in his own words is published.",
      "state": "researched"
    },
    "profile": "researched",
    "record": {
      "note": "He held no elected or appointed public office before January 3, 2025, so his record here begins in the Senate. His business career is in the financial-interests section, not here, following the ruling that a private career is not an action in office.",
      "state": "researched"
    },
    "sources": "researched"
  },
  "current_office": "United States Senator for Ohio",
  "donors": [
    {
      "affiliation": "auto dealership and transportation group; reported as the single largest donor to the Team Moreno joint fundraising committee",
      "amount": 275000,
      "in_state": false,
      "name": "Penske Corp",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/joint-fundraising-committees-jfcs/team-moreno/C00867010/2024/donors",
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/penske-corp/summary?id=D000036594"
      ],
      "vehicle": "campaign"
    },
    {
      "affiliation": "members of his own family, giving to his Senate campaigns since 2021",
      "amount": 134000,
      "in_state": null,
      "name": "Moreno family members",
      "notes": "Reported as over $134,000 across the 2022 and 2024 bids, not a single filed contribution.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2024-07-29/senate-candidate-bernie-moreno-campaigns-as-an-outsider-his-wealthy-family-is-politically-connected",
        "https://www.axios.com/local/cleveland/2024/05/15/a-more-complete-bernie-moreno-backstory"
      ],
      "vehicle": "campaign"
    },
    {
      "affiliation": "including political action committees tied to the banking and coal industries",
      "amount": 55000,
      "in_state": null,
      "name": "Corporate political action committees",
      "notes": "At least $55,000 in the first quarter of 2024 alone, a change from his 2022 pledge not to take corporate PAC money.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2024/05/24/corporate-pac-ohio-brown-moreno"
      ],
      "vehicle": "pac"
    },
    {
      "affiliation": "gas utility",
      "amount": 29700,
      "in_state": null,
      "name": "Suburban Natural Gas",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/bernie-moreno/summary?cid=N00048437"
      ],
      "vehicle": "pac"
    },
    {
      "affiliation": "pipeline company",
      "amount": 26650,
      "in_state": null,
      "name": "Energy Transfer Partners",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/bernie-moreno/summary?cid=N00048437"
      ],
      "vehicle": "pac"
    },
    {
      "affiliation": "trade association political action committee, to Bernie Moreno For Ohio on November 12, 2024",
      "amount": 5000,
      "in_state": null,
      "name": "National Automobile Dealers Association",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://projects.propublica.org/itemizer/committee/C00775585/pac-donations/C00040998"
      ],
      "vehicle": "pac"
    }
  ],
  "endorsements_given": [],
  "endorsements_received": [],
  "finance": [
    {
      "as_of": "2024-12-31",
      "cash": 378319.71,
      "committee_id": "S4OH00192",
      "filer": "FEC",
      "notes": "Combined receipts of his three authorized committees, Bernie Moreno for Senate, Bernie Moreno for Ohio and Moreno for OH Senate Republican Nominee Fund 2024, for the 2023-2024 cycle. About $15.8 million was contributions and about $4.5 million was his own candidate loans. The cycle ended with about $8.47 million in outstanding debt, mostly unpaid loans.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "raised": 26920693.53,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/?cycle=2024&election_full=true",
        "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/",
        "https://projects.propublica.org/itemizer/committee/C00837484/2024"
      ],
      "spent": null
    },
    {
      "as_of": "2024-12-31",
      "committee_id": "C00867010",
      "filer": "FEC",
      "notes": "The Team Moreno joint fundraising committee, which split money between his campaign and the Ohio Republican Party and the Republican National Committee. Not additive with the figure above.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "raised": 14078303,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/joint-fundraising-committees-jfcs/team-moreno/C00867010/2024/summary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "as_of": "2024-12-31",
      "cash": null,
      "committee_id": "C00837484",
      "filer": "FEC",
      "in_state": {
        "amount": 8739423.54,
        "as_of": "2024-12-31",
        "method": "Itemized Schedule A contributions to committee C00837484 for the 2024 cycle with a filed Ohio address, as a percent of all itemized contributions to that committee for the cycle, via the FEC's schedule_a/by_state/ aggregate endpoint.",
        "share": 48.5,
        "sources": [
          "https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/by_state/?committee_id=C00837484&cycle=2024&sort=-total"
        ]
      },
      "notes": "Bernie Moreno for Senate, the principal campaign committee (correct FEC committee id; the first finance entry above records this candidate's committee_id as the candidate id S4OH00192 rather than a committee id, an existing data issue not corrected here per this task's instruction to extend rather than overwrite prior entries -- flagged in design/reports/politics/P3-01.md). Figures below are from the FEC's own committee/totals endpoint for this single committee and are not directly additive with the combined three-committee 'raised' figure in the first finance entry above.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "raised": 26414101.15,
      "sources": [
        "https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00837484/totals/?cycle=2024",
        "https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00837484/?cycle=2024"
      ],
      "spent": 26035781.44,
      "top_states": {
        "as_of": "2026-09-19",
        "method": "Itemized Schedule A individual contributions to committee C00837484 for the 2024 cycle, aggregated by contributor state via the FEC's own by-state aggregate endpoint (schedule_a/by_state/); totals cover itemized contributions only, not unitemized small-dollar giving.",
        "sources": [
          "https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/by_state/?committee_id=C00837484&cycle=2024&sort=-total",
          "https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00837484/?tab=raising"
        ],
        "states": [
          {
            "amount": 8739423.54,
            "count": 18403,
            "state": "OH"
          },
          {
            "amount": 2009340.14,
            "count": 7481,
            "state": "FL"
          },
          {
            "amount": 1165936.57,
            "count": 7849,
            "state": "TX"
          },
          {
            "amount": 949658.39,
            "count": 7723,
            "state": "CA"
          },
          {
            "amount": 493981.33,
            "count": 2468,
            "state": "NY"
          },
          {
            "amount": 403917.5,
            "count": 881,
            "state": "MA"
          },
          {
            "amount": 359028.0,
            "count": 2118,
            "state": "VA"
          },
          {
            "amount": 297892.74,
            "count": 2036,
            "state": "IL"
          }
        ]
      },
      "top_zips": {
        "as_of": "2026-09-19",
        "method": "Itemized Schedule A individual contributions to committee C00837484 for the 2024 cycle, aggregated by contributor ZIP code via the FEC's schedule_a/by_zip/ aggregate endpoint; the top ZIPs by dollar total, itemized contributions only.",
        "sources": [
          "https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/by_zip/?committee_id=C00837484&cycle=2024&sort=-total"
        ],
        "zips": [
          {
            "amount": 313521.13,
            "count": 236,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "45243"
          },
          {
            "amount": 279903.02,
            "count": 226,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "44022"
          },
          {
            "amount": 238906.15,
            "count": 273,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "44145"
          },
          {
            "amount": 157541.38,
            "count": 137,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "45208"
          },
          {
            "amount": 136874.14,
            "count": 226,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "44116"
          },
          {
            "amount": 125251.95,
            "count": 156,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "43221"
          },
          {
            "amount": 121336.94,
            "count": 198,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "43017"
          },
          {
            "amount": 115989.64,
            "count": 156,
            "state": "OH",
            "zip": "44023"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "id": "bernie-moreno",
  "interests": [
    {
      "date": "2025",
      "kind": "holding",
      "notes": "The archive gives no day; the year is the one the Calendar Year 2024 annual report was filed in.",
      "sources": [
        "https://news.politicalwallet.org/p/part-three-of-the-freshmen-four-horsemen",
        "https://www.notus.org/capitol-gains/ohio-congressional-delegation-wealth-assets-debt-money",
        "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/records-reveal-income-wealth-of-area-members-of-congress/JMTT5RBUMZBEHOU2L2VLC7W7PU/"
      ],
      "what": "His Senate financial disclosure lists more than 20 business entities and limited liability companies holding commercial and residential real estate in several states, stakes in Israeli venture-capital and other private-equity and venture funds, and family investment-fund holdings including Yellowstone Capital Partners, which is tied to a construction firm owned by his brother."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025",
      "kind": "income",
      "notes": "The archive gives no day; the year is the one the filing was made in.",
      "sources": [
        "https://news.politicalwallet.org/p/part-three-of-the-freshmen-four-horsemen",
        "https://www.notus.org/capitol-gains/ohio-congressional-delegation-wealth-assets-debt-money"
      ],
      "what": "The reported Yellowstone Capital holding grew from a $500,000 to $1 million stake generating about $71,000 in income to a $1 million to $5 million stake generating over $180,000."
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-04",
      "kind": "income",
      "sources": [
        "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/politics/2024/02/07/bernie-moreno-is-running-for-senate-as-an-outsider--but-public-entities-he-served-boosted-business",
        "https://www.wosu.org/2024-09-24/who-is-bernie-moreno-car-salesman-turned-politician-sells-his-ideas-to-ohio-voters"
      ],
      "what": "He reported that his shares in Ownum, the blockchain company he founded, were worth at least $5 million when he and his wife sold their interest in April 2023. Other reporting puts what they received at about $10 million."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-05",
      "kind": "holding",
      "notes": "The disclosure is the primary fact; the loss and the stated reason are Kavout's reporting and are attributed to it in the sentence. Rewritten on the coordinator's instruction of 2026-09-19 to name the reporter rather than hedge with an adverb.",
      "reported_by": "Kavout, on his Senate financial disclosure",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.kavout.com/market-lens/moreno-s-etoro-exit-a-costly-ethical-stance-in-crypto-s-regulatory-push",
        "https://www.congress.gov/member/bernie-moreno/M001242/committees"
      ],
      "what": "He disclosed selling $100,000 to $250,000 of eToro Group Ltd. stock in May 2026. The market-analysis outlet Kavout, which reported the sale, says he took a personal loss on it and that he gave avoiding a conflict of interest while moving crypto legislation as his reason. He sits on the Senate Banking Committee's Digital Assets Subcommittee."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025",
      "kind": "holding",
      "notes": "The archive gives no day; the year is the one the filing was made in.",
      "sources": [
        "https://news.politicalwallet.org/p/part-three-of-the-freshmen-four-horsemen"
      ],
      "what": "A note on his financial disclosure states that an alternative disclosure letter is on file with the Senate Ethics Committee because of investment confidentiality provisions, so some of his investment holdings are not itemized publicly."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-02-07",
      "kind": "reported_conflict",
      "reported_by": "The Associated Press, reported by Spectrum News 1",
      "sources": [
        "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/politics/2024/02/07/bernie-moreno-is-running-for-senate-as-an-outsider--but-public-entities-he-served-boosted-business"
      ],
      "what": "Reported that two public bodies he sat on before running for the Senate, the executive committee of InnovateOhio and the board of MetroHealth, Cleveland's public hospital system, each took actions or gave endorsements that helped his blockchain company Ownum and its vehicle-titling spinoff CHAMP Titles, shortly before he sold his Ownum shares in April 2023."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-09-04",
      "kind": "reported_conflict",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date for the NBC News piece; the date is the one it assigns to the reporting on the new dealership.",
      "reported_by": "NBC News",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/ohio-gop-senate-candidate-new-car-dealership-scrutiny-business-rcna168229"
      ],
      "what": "Reported that although he said during the campaign he had sold his businesses to avoid conflicts of interest, he was listed as manager of companies including a realty entity being developed into a new Mercedes-Benz dealership, and that he moved to open a new dealership after joining the Senate while serving on the Commerce Committee, which has jurisdiction over auto and consumer matters."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-03",
      "kind": "reported_conflict",
      "reported_by": "Cleveland Scene and WKYC",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.clevescene.com/news/another-wage-theft-lawsuit-against-bernie-moreno-comes-to-light-44891956/",
        "https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/verify/bernie-moreno-lawsuits-car-dealerships-fact-check-verify/95-b3eae71a-e790-4c1a-83f2-7e987fd61099"
      ],
      "what": "Reported that in 2023, shortly before launching his Senate campaign, he settled more than a dozen wage-theft lawsuits brought by former dealership employees, paying over $400,000 to two of them, and that a state judge separately found that relevant business records had been lost or destroyed despite a duty to preserve them, while calling broader claims of wholesale destruction overblown."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-08-20",
      "kind": "reported_conflict",
      "reported_by": "Ohio Capital Journal",
      "sources": [
        "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/08/20/despite-criticizing-economy-ohio-gop-u-s-sen-nominee-moreno-bought-five-homes-last-year/"
      ],
      "what": "Reported that he bought five homes in the year before the election while campaigning on the cost of living."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-07-29",
      "kind": "reported_conflict",
      "reported_by": "The Associated Press and WOSU Public Media, Axios and The New York Times",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2024-07-29/senate-candidate-bernie-moreno-campaigns-as-an-outsider-his-wealthy-family-is-politically-connected",
        "https://www.axios.com/local/cleveland/2024/05/15/a-more-complete-bernie-moreno-backstory"
      ],
      "what": "Reported that his campaign account of being a self-made immigrant entrepreneur sits alongside his family's wealth and political connections in Colombia and financial help he received in building his dealership business. His brother Luis Alberto Moreno is a former Colombian ambassador to the United States and former president of the Inter-American Development Bank; another brother co-founded the Colombian construction firm tied to the family's Yellowstone Capital holdings. His daughter is married to Representative Max Miller of Ohio."
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "ballotpedia": "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
    "chamber": "https://www.congress.gov/member/bernie-moreno/M001242/committees",
    "fec": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/",
    "official": "https://www.moreno.senate.gov/press-releases/moreno-unveils-new-bill-to-provide-historic-investment-in-american-auto-workers-freedom-for-consumers/",
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Moreno"
  },
  "name": "Bernie Moreno",
  "net_worth": [
    {
      "estimator": "Dayton Daily News and NOTUS, summing the value ranges in his Calendar Year 2024 Senate annual report",
      "high": 250000000,
      "low": 44150000,
      "notes": "Senate disclosures report value brackets, not totals. Multiple outlets note the true figure is likely well below the top of the range because several jointly or minority-owned properties and entities are listed at full value rather than his share. An independent analysis of the same filing put it at $50 million to $250 million. NOTUS put the median net worth of the senators elected in 2024 at about $131.9 million.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/records-reveal-income-wealth-of-area-members-of-congress/JMTT5RBUMZBEHOU2L2VLC7W7PU/",
        "https://www.notus.org/capitol-gains/ohio-congressional-delegation-wealth-assets-debt-money",
        "https://news.politicalwallet.org/p/part-three-of-the-freshmen-four-horsemen"
      ],
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "estimator": "WOSU Public Media, from his initial Senate candidacy filing",
      "high": 105700000,
      "low": 25500000,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.wosu.org/2024-09-24/who-is-bernie-moreno-car-salesman-turned-politician-sells-his-ideas-to-ohio-voters",
        "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2024-07-29/senate-candidate-bernie-moreno-campaigns-as-an-outsider-his-wealthy-family-is-politically-connected"
      ],
      "year": 2024
    }
  ],
  "notes": "P1-06, commit 3. No thin record existed under this slug: data/politics/people/ held no bernie-moreno.json before this commit, and the validator's only warning on 2026-09-19 was the unresolved reference to it from P1-05's endorsement set. Left out and why: see design/reports/politics/P1-06.md.",
  "offices": [
    {
      "from": "2025-01-03",
      "how": "elected",
      "notes": "The first Hispanic person elected to the United States Senate from Ohio.",
      "office": "United States Senator for Ohio",
      "sources": [
        "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/11/05/republican-bernie-moreno-defeats-incumbent-sherrod-brown-for-ohio-u-s-senate-seat-ap-projects/"
      ],
      "to": null
    }
  ],
  "outside_spending": [
    {
      "as_of": "2024-11-05",
      "notes": "Legally separate from his campaign committee's receipts and not counted in them. Defend American Jobs is part of the Fairshake network, funded by Coinbase, Ripple Labs, Andreessen Horowitz and other crypto firms. The same money was spent against Sherrod Brown.",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2024/09/26/crypto-pacs-dominate-ohio-senate-race-spending-40m-on-sherrod-browns-foe",
        "https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/05/bitcoiners-celebrate-as-bernie-moreno-ousts-sherrod-brown-ohio-upset.html",
        "https://www.dlnews.com/articles/regulation/bernie-moreno-wins-ohio-from-crypto-sceptic-sherrod-brown/"
      ],
      "support": 40000000,
      "top_spenders": [
        {
          "amount": 40000000,
          "name": "Defend American Jobs",
          "side": "support"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "as_of": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "FEC Schedule E independent-expenditure filings naming Moreno as the target candidate, 2023-2024 cycle, from the schedule_e/by_candidate/ aggregate endpoint (candidate id S4OH00192), the full-cycle total; includes Defend American Jobs' spending under FEC's own 'support Moreno' filing category (see the note on Brown's added 2024 entry). The cycle/two_year_transaction_period query parameters did not filter this endpoint's results during this pull; each row's own cycle field was used instead.",
      "oppose": 85641468.06,
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sources": [
        "https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_e/by_candidate/?candidate_id=S4OH00192",
        "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/?tab=independent-expenditures&cycle=2024"
      ],
      "support": 68908266.32,
      "top_spenders": [
        {
          "amount": 72265546.99,
          "name": "Winsenate",
          "side": "oppose"
        },
        {
          "amount": 40134929.71,
          "name": "Defend American Jobs",
          "side": "support"
        },
        {
          "amount": 12715428.39,
          "name": "Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (Afp Action) Dba Cva Action And Dba Libre Action",
          "side": "support"
        },
        {
          "amount": 6938926.82,
          "name": "Senate Leadership Fund",
          "side": "support"
        },
        {
          "amount": 3768159.49,
          "name": "Buckeye Leadership Fund, Inc.",
          "side": "oppose"
        },
        {
          "amount": 3193055.0,
          "name": "Duty And Country",
          "side": "oppose"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "party": "Republican",
  "photo": null,
  "polling": [
    {
      "date": "2024-08-12",
      "numbers": {
        "Brown lead in points": 5.0
      },
      "pollster": "ActiVote",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sample": null,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.activote.net/moreno-extends-lead-in-ohio/",
        "https://www.realclearpolling.com/polls/senate/general/2024/ohio/brown-vs-moreno"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-09",
      "notes": "A campaign-committee internal poll, reported in the research archive without field dates.",
      "numbers": {
        "Brown lead in points": 2
      },
      "pollster": "National Republican Senatorial Committee internal poll",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sample": null,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.newsweek.com/ohio-senate-polling-brown-moreno-1959264"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-09-22",
      "numbers": {
        "Moreno lead in points": 2.2
      },
      "pollster": "ActiVote",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sample": null,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.activote.net/moreno-extends-lead-in-ohio/",
        "https://www.realclearpolling.com/polls/senate/general/2024/ohio/brown-vs-moreno"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-10-21",
      "numbers": {
        "Moreno lead in points": 3.8
      },
      "pollster": "ActiVote",
      "race": "2024-us-senate",
      "sample": null,
      "sources": [
        "https://www.activote.net/moreno-extends-lead-in-ohio/",
        "https://www.realclearpolling.com/polls/senate/general/2024/ohio/brown-vs-moreno"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "positions": [
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "The case for running",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year. His own phrases, a new generation of political outsiders and turn Washington inside out, are not published as a quotation because the archive records them as fragments inside its own sentence.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Run as a political outsider against career politicians, and turn Washington inside out.",
      "sources": [
        "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://www.wosu.org/2024-09-24/who-is-bernie-moreno-car-salesman-turned-politician-sells-his-ideas-to-ohio-voters"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign themes as catalogued by Ballotpedia and WOSU"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "Immigration",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Make the southern border the central issue of the campaign, and hold the Biden administration and Sherrod Brown responsible for conditions there.",
      "sources": [
        "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Moreno"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign themes as catalogued by Ballotpedia"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "The economy",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Blame Biden, Harris and Brown policies for higher costs, and campaign as a full ally of Donald Trump's agenda.",
      "sources": [
        "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Moreno"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign themes as catalogued by Ballotpedia"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "Abortion",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year. It records his 2021 and 2022 self-description as 100 percent pro-life with no exceptions as a change from this 2024 position.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Support a federal law restricting abortion after 15 weeks, with exceptions for rape, incest and the life of the mother.",
      "sources": [
        "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno",
        "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/sep/19/sherrod-brown/sherrod-brown-claim-about-bernie-moreno-and-aborti/"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign statements, as catalogued by Ballotpedia and examined by PolitiFact"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "Digital assets",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Draw on a blockchain business background to back digital-asset innovation.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.dlnews.com/articles/regulation/bernie-moreno-wins-ohio-from-crypto-sceptic-sherrod-brown/",
        "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2024/09/26/crypto-pacs-dominate-ohio-senate-race-spending-40m-on-sherrod-browns-foe"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign coverage by DL News and CoinDesk"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024",
      "issue": "Energy",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the election year.",
      "paraphrase": true,
      "quote": "Build energy dominance on coal, oil and natural gas, and oppose incentives for electric vehicles.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/bernie-moreno/summary?cid=N00048437",
        "https://www.cbtnews.com/sen-moreno-on-affordability-for-auto-dealers/"
      ],
      "venue": "Campaign and Senate statements reported by CBT News"
    }
  ],
  "record": [
    {
      "date": "2025-01-03",
      "evaluations": [],
      "kind": "appointment",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.congress.gov/member/bernie-moreno/M001242/committees",
        "https://unchainedcrypto.com/ohio-republican-senator-bernie-moreno-to-serve-on-influential-senate-banking-committee/",
        "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/senator-elect-bernie-morenos-role-150551965.html"
      ],
      "what": "Named to the Senate Banking Committee, including its Digital Assets Subcommittee, and to the Commerce Committee."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-07-23",
      "evaluations": [],
      "kind": "bill",
      "sources": [
        "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2025/07/23/moreno-crypto-genius-clarity-act"
      ],
      "what": "Was a lead sponsor of the GENIUS Act, a stablecoin regulation law signed in 2025, and helped move the CLARITY Act, a crypto market-structure bill."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025",
      "evaluations": [],
      "kind": "bill",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date for the introduction; the year is the one his Senate press release is dated to.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.moreno.senate.gov/press-releases/moreno-unveils-new-bill-to-provide-historic-investment-in-american-auto-workers-freedom-for-consumers/",
        "https://www.cbtnews.com/sen-moreno-on-affordability-for-auto-dealers/"
      ],
      "what": "Introduced the Transportation Freedom Act, which would end federal electric-vehicle mandates and subsidies and reset fuel-economy standards. The National Automobile Dealers Association supported it."
    },
    {
      "date": "2025",
      "evaluations": [],
      "kind": "statement",
      "notes": "The archive gives no date; the year is the one the CBT News interview is dated to.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.cbtnews.com/sen-moreno-on-affordability-for-auto-dealers/"
      ],
      "what": "Criticized the leasing exception to the electric-vehicle tax credit and the Federal Trade Commission's CARS rule as costly for car dealerships, and said the banking lobby was trying to stop financial innovation in the argument over stablecoin and deposit rules."
    }
  ],
  "research_ref": [
    "cracked-buckeye-political@076ade2376ac860bdd63d0f39a40c3c999087779:data/candidates-2024/bernie-moreno.md"
  ],
  "sort_name": "Moreno, Bernie",
  "sources": [
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Ballotpedia",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno",
      "url": "https://ballotpedia.org/Bernie_Moreno"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Ballotpedia",
      "title": "United States Senate election in Ohio, 2024",
      "url": "https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio,_2024"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Dayton 24/7 Now",
      "title": "Ohio election results certified",
      "url": "https://dayton247now.com/news/local/ohio-election-results-certified-frank-larose-secretary-of-state-2024-vote-president-senate-trump-harris-moreno-brown"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Moreno"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Yahoo Finance",
      "title": "Senator-Elect Bernie Moreno's Role on Banking Committee Signals Crypto Focus",
      "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/senator-elect-bernie-morenos-role-150551965.html"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Political Wallet (Substack, originally huntrjay.substack.com)",
      "title": "Sen. Bernie Moreno's Northeast Ohio Auto Empire Fuels His Portfolio",
      "url": "https://news.politicalwallet.org/p/part-three-of-the-freshmen-four-horsemen"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-08-20",
      "publisher": "Ohio Capital Journal",
      "title": "Despite criticizing economy, Ohio GOP U.S. Sen. nominee Moreno bought five homes last year",
      "url": "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/08/20/despite-criticizing-economy-ohio-gop-u-s-sen-nominee-moreno-bought-five-homes-last-year/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-11-05",
      "publisher": "Ohio Capital Journal / AP",
      "title": "Republican Bernie Moreno defeats incumbent Sherrod Brown for Ohio U.S. Senate seat",
      "url": "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/11/05/republican-bernie-moreno-defeats-incumbent-sherrod-brown-for-ohio-u-s-senate-seat-ap-projects/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "ProPublica",
      "title": "PAC Contributions from NADA PAC to Bernie Moreno For Ohio",
      "url": "https://projects.propublica.org/itemizer/committee/C00775585/pac-donations/C00040998"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "ProPublica",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno For Senate - 2024 cycle (FEC Itemizer)",
      "url": "https://projects.propublica.org/itemizer/committee/C00837484/2024"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Signal Cleveland",
      "title": "Ohio U.S. Senate race results: Sherrod Brown v. Bernie Moreno",
      "url": "https://signalcleveland.org/ohio-us-senate-election-2024-results-sherrod-brown-bernie-moreno/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-05-24",
      "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
      "title": "Brown, Moreno both accepted corporate PAC donations",
      "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2024/05/24/corporate-pac-ohio-brown-moreno"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2025-07-23",
      "publisher": "Spectrum News 1",
      "title": "Moreno part of push to advance major crypto legislation",
      "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2025/07/23/moreno-crypto-genius-clarity-act"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-02-07",
      "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 (AP)",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno is running for Senate as an outsider, but public entities he served boosted business",
      "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/politics/2024/02/07/bernie-moreno-is-running-for-senate-as-an-outsider--but-public-entities-he-served-boosted-business"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Unchained",
      "title": "Ohio Republican Senator Bernie Moreno to Serve on Influential Senate Banking Committee",
      "url": "https://unchainedcrypto.com/ohio-republican-senator-bernie-moreno-to-serve-on-influential-senate-banking-committee/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "ActiVote",
      "title": "Moreno Extends Lead in Ohio",
      "url": "https://www.activote.net/moreno-extends-lead-in-ohio/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-05-15",
      "publisher": "Axios",
      "title": "A more complete Bernie Moreno backstory",
      "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/cleveland/2024/05/15/a-more-complete-bernie-moreno-backstory"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "CBT News",
      "title": "Sen. Bernie Moreno addresses tariffs, affordability, and regulation impacting U.S. auto dealers",
      "url": "https://www.cbtnews.com/sen-moreno-on-affordability-for-auto-dealers/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Cleveland Scene",
      "title": "Another Wage Theft Lawsuit Against Bernie Moreno Comes to Light",
      "url": "https://www.clevescene.com/news/another-wage-theft-lawsuit-against-bernie-moreno-comes-to-light-44891956/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-11-05",
      "publisher": "CNBC",
      "title": "Bitcoiners celebrate as $40 million campaign brings down Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown",
      "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/05/bitcoiners-celebrate-as-bernie-moreno-ousts-sherrod-brown-ohio-upset.html"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-09-26",
      "publisher": "CoinDesk",
      "title": "Crypto PACs Dominate Ohio Senate Race, Spending $40M on Sherrod Brown's Foe",
      "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2024/09/26/crypto-pacs-dominate-ohio-senate-race-spending-40m-on-sherrod-browns-foe"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Congress.gov",
      "title": "Committee Assignments - Senator Bernie Moreno",
      "url": "https://www.congress.gov/member/bernie-moreno/M001242/committees"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Dayton Daily News",
      "title": "Records reveal income, wealth of area members of Congress",
      "url": "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/records-reveal-income-wealth-of-area-members-of-congress/JMTT5RBUMZBEHOU2L2VLC7W7PU/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "DL News",
      "title": "Crypto champion Bernie Moreno wins Senate seat in Ohio with $40m in industry cash",
      "url": "https://www.dlnews.com/articles/regulation/bernie-moreno-wins-ohio-from-crypto-sceptic-sherrod-brown/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Federal Election Commission (FEC.gov)",
      "title": "MORENO, BERNIE - Candidate overview",
      "url": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Federal Election Commission (FEC.gov)",
      "title": "MORENO, BERNIE - Candidate overview, 2023-2024 cycle",
      "url": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OH00192/?cycle=2024&election_full=true"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Kavout",
      "title": "Moreno's eToro Exit: A Costly Ethical Stance in Crypto's Regulatory Push",
      "url": "https://www.kavout.com/market-lens/moreno-s-etoro-exit-a-costly-ethical-stance-in-crypto-s-regulatory-push"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Office of Sen. Bernie Moreno",
      "title": "Moreno Unveils New Bill To Provide Historic Investment in American Auto Workers, Freedom for Consumers",
      "url": "https://www.moreno.senate.gov/press-releases/moreno-unveils-new-bill-to-provide-historic-investment-in-american-auto-workers-freedom-for-consumers/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "NBC News",
      "title": "Ohio GOP Senate candidate plans new car dealership amid scrutiny of his businesses",
      "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/ohio-gop-senate-candidate-new-car-dealership-scrutiny-business-rcna168229"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "Newsweek",
      "title": "Sherrod Brown's Fortunes Reversed in Ohio as Bernie Moreno Leads Polls",
      "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/ohio-senate-polling-brown-moreno-1959264"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "NOTUS",
      "title": "Young Money: Ohio's Newest Federal Lawmakers Are Among the State's Richest",
      "url": "https://www.notus.org/capitol-gains/ohio-congressional-delegation-wealth-assets-debt-money"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "OpenSecrets",
      "title": "Team Moreno Top Donors, 2024",
      "url": "https://www.opensecrets.org/joint-fundraising-committees-jfcs/team-moreno/C00867010/2024/donors"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "OpenSecrets",
      "title": "Team Moreno Summary, 2024",
      "url": "https://www.opensecrets.org/joint-fundraising-committees-jfcs/team-moreno/C00867010/2024/summary"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "OpenSecrets",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno - US Congress - Summary",
      "url": "https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/bernie-moreno/summary?cid=N00048437"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "OpenSecrets",
      "title": "Penske Corp Profile: Summary",
      "url": "https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/penske-corp/summary?id=D000036594"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-09-19",
      "publisher": "PolitiFact",
      "title": "Sherrod Brown claim about Bernie Moreno and abortion misses the mark",
      "url": "https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/sep/19/sherrod-brown/sherrod-brown-claim-about-bernie-moreno-and-aborti/"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "RealClearPolling",
      "title": "2024 Ohio Senate - Brown vs. Moreno",
      "url": "https://www.realclearpolling.com/polls/senate/general/2024/ohio/brown-vs-moreno"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "publisher": "WKYC (VERIFY)",
      "title": "How many times was Ohio US Senate candidate Bernie Moreno sued during his business career?",
      "url": "https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/verify/bernie-moreno-lawsuits-car-dealerships-fact-check-verify/95-b3eae71a-e790-4c1a-83f2-7e987fd61099"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-09-24",
      "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
      "title": "Who is Bernie Moreno? Car salesman turned politician sells his ideas to Ohio voters",
      "url": "https://www.wosu.org/2024-09-24/who-is-bernie-moreno-car-salesman-turned-politician-sells-his-ideas-to-ohio-voters"
    },
    {
      "accessed": "2026-09-18",
      "date": "2024-07-29",
      "publisher": "WOSU Public Media / AP",
      "title": "Bernie Moreno campaigns as an outsider. His wealthy family is politically connected",
      "url": "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2024-07-29/senate-candidate-bernie-moreno-campaigns-as-an-outsider-his-wealthy-family-is-politically-connected"
    }
  ],
  "updated": "2026-09-19",
  "type": "person",
  "coverage_meter": {
    "slug": "bernie-moreno",
    "name": "Bernie Moreno",
    "sections": {
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        "id": "profile",
        "title": "Profile",
        "state": "researched",
        "count": 6,
        "checked": [],
        "note": null,
        "empty_state": null
      },
      "ballot": {
        "id": "ballot",
        "title": "On the ballot",
        "state": "researched",
        "count": 0,
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      },
      "positions": {
        "id": "positions",
        "title": "Where they stand",
        "state": "researched",
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        "checked": [],
        "note": "Six positions, every one a paraphrase of a campaign theme with the link that states it. The archive quotes only fragments of his campaign language, so no position in his own words is published.",
        "empty_state": null
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      "claims": {
        "id": "claims",
        "title": "What they have said, checked",
        "state": "researched",
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        ],
        "note": "One of the three rows in the research archive's fact-check table is published as a claim of his. One is a claim Sherrod Brown made about him and is filed under Brown. One, about Haitian migrants in Springfield, is left out because the archive records only fragments of it inside its own sentence rather than a quotation.",
        "empty_state": null
      },
      "record": {
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        "state": "researched",
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        "checked": [],
        "note": "He held no elected or appointed public office before January 3, 2025, so his record here begins in the Senate. His business career is in the financial-interests section, not here, following the ruling that a private career is not an action in office.",
        "empty_state": null
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      "money": {
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        "title": "Money",
        "state": "researched",
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        "checked": [],
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      "interests": {
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        "note": null,
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      "polling": {
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        "state": "researched",
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        "checked": [],
        "note": "Four head-to-head polls with a stated margin. Polls the archive describes only as showing one candidate ahead by a range, and polling averages, are not published.",
        "empty_state": null
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      "elections": {
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        "note": "Only his 2024 candidacy is published. His 2022 Senate bid, which he ended before the primary, has no race record.",
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        ],
        "note": "The research archive records Donald Trump's endorsement of him in the 2024 primary in prose, with the primary-result stories as its only links, and records no endorsement he gave. The endorsement set trump-ohio-2016-2024 is a record of its own.",
        "empty_state": "None found in the records checked"
      },
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        "note": null,
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    "researched": 10,
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    "pct": 90.9090909090909,
    "sources": 47,
    "cycles": [
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    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-19",
    "not_researched": [
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  },
  "party_label": "Republican",
  "current_office_title": "United States Senator for Ohio",
  "claims": {
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